The
Air Force of the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution (AFAGIR), also known as the
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Air Force (IRGC AF), is the air force within the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution (Islamic Revolutionary Guards). Parallel to the regular
Islamic Republic of Iran Air ForceThe Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force ' is the aviation branch of the Iranian armed forces. The present Air Force came into being in the early 1980s when the former Imperial Iranian Air Force was renamed....
(IRIAF), the regular air branch of the
Military of IranThe Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran include the IRIA and the IRGC and the Police Force .These forces total about 545,000 active personnel . All branches of armed forces fall under the command of General Headquarters of Armed Forces...
, the Revolutionary Guards' have their own air force. It shares facilities with the IRIAF.
Aviation forces
Most public sources disagree on which aircraft are operated by the AFAGIR.
The
Washington Institute for Near East PolicyThe Washington Institute for Near East Policy is a think tank based in Washington, D.C. focused on United States foreign policy in the Middle East. It was established by the American Israel Public Affairs Committee in 1985...
said in 2005 that 'the backbone of the AFAGIR consists of - at least - ten Su-25 Frogfoot attack aircraft (including seven flown from Iraq to Iran during the 1991 PERSIAN Gulf War, kept airworthy with the help of Georgian technicians) and around forty
EMB-312 TucanosThe Embraer EMB 312 Tucano is a two seat turboprop basic trainer developed in Brazil. The prototype first flew in 1980 and initial production units were delivered in 1983. The Tucano family of aircraft became one of Embraer's first international marketing successes, with 600 units produced...
. The Washington Institute also said that the IRGCAF maintained thirty
Y-12-See also:-Bibliography:* Taylor, John W R. . Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1988-89. Coulsdon, Surrey, UK: Jane's Information Group, 1988. ISBN 07106-0867-5....
and
Dassault Falcon 20The Dassault Falcon 20 is a French business jet and was the first of a family of business jets built by Dassault Aviation.-Design and development:...
light transports, as well as MFI-17 Mushshak and Super Mushshak trainers and locally built Ababil and Mohajer reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
The AFAGIR also operates a sizable rotary-wing force consisting of around twenty
Mi-171The Mil Mi-17 is a Russian helicopter currently in production at two factories in Kazan and Ulan-Ude...
helicopters for transport and armed assault roles, and a large transport force out of
ShirazShiraz may refer to:* Shiraz, Iran, a city in Iran* Shiraz County, an administrative subdivision of Iran* Vosketap, Armenia, formerly called ShirazPeople:* Hovhannes Shiraz, Armenian poet* Ara Shiraz, Armenian sculptor...
, equipped with around fifteen ex-Iraqi Il-76s (originally operated by the IRIAF) and twelve An-74TK-200 transports. Scramble backs up this picture in general, reporting An-74s, An-14s, and Su-25Ks at
Tehran MehrabadMehrabad International Airport is an airport that serves Tehran, Iran. It was the primary airport of Tehran in both international and domestic passenger traffic but has been replaced by Imam Khomeini International Airport in most of its international flights...
,
Chengdu F-7MThe Chengdu Jian-7 is a People's Republic of China-built version of the Soviet Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21. Though production ceased in 2008 it continues to serve, mostly as an interceptor, in several air forces, including China's.-Design and development:...
s at
ZahedanZahedan is a city in and the capital of Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 552,706, in 109,488 families.-Geography:...
(while saying that MFI-17s were often reported at Zahedan incorrectly), and Il-76 AEW variants at
Shiraz Shahid Dastghaib International AirportShiraz International Airport is located in Shiraz, Iran. It is the main international airport of Fars province.After undergoing renovation and redevolopment work in 2005, Shiraz Airport was identified as the second most reliable and modern airport in Iran in terms of flight safety including...
, while saying that they might be based at Mehrabad. Scramble also said that an unknown number of 'new' Su-25s were delivered in 2003.
However, other later writings make no mention of Su-25s or Il-76s.
Anthony CordesmanAnthony H. Cordesman holds the Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies and is a national security analyst for ABC News on a number of global conflicts...
of the
Center for Strategic and International StudiesThe Center for Strategic and International Studies is a bipartisan Washington, D.C., foreign policy think tank. The center was founded in 1962 by Admiral Arleigh Burke and Ambassador David Manker Abshire, originally as part of Georgetown University...
, writing in August 2007, said only the AFAGIR 'may operate Iran's 10 EMB-312 Tucanos', and that it 'seems to operate many of Iran's 45 PC-7 training aircraft' as well as Pakistani-built training aircraft at a school near Mushshak, 'but this school may be run by the regular air force'. He also specifically said that reports of the Revolutionary Guards operating F-7s did not seem to be correct.
Cordesman also noted claims of the AFAGIR building gliders for use in unconventional warfare, saying that they would be unsuitable delivery platforms, but could at least carry a small number of weapons. However the attached reference was a 1996
ReutersReuters is a news agency headquartered in New York City. Until 2008 the Reuters news agency formed part of a British independent company, Reuters Group plc, which was also a provider of financial market data...
report, making the sources for such assertions extremely thin. Finally, the IISS Military Balance 2007 makes no mention of aircraft at all, referring only to the Shahab 1,2, and 3 missiles.
Current fixed-wing aircraft
! style="text-align: left; background: #aabccc;"|Aircraft
! style="text-align: left; background: #aabccc;"|Country of Manufacture
! style="text-align: left; background: #aabccc;"|Type
! style="text-align: left; background: #aabccc;"|In Service
! style="text-align: left; background: #aabccc;"|Notes
|-----
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | Close air supportIn military tactics, close air support is defined as air action by fixed or rotary winged aircraft against hostile targets that are close to friendly forces, and which requires detailed integration of each air mission with fire and movement of these forces.The determining factor for CAS is...
|-----
| Sukhoi Su-25The Sukhoi Su-25 is a single-seat, twin-engine jet aircraft developed in the Soviet Union by the Sukhoi Design Bureau. It was designed to provide close air support for the Soviet Ground Forces. The first prototype made its maiden flight on 22 February 1975...
|
| Close air support
| 10
| Seven Su-25K/UBK flown over from Iraq and three Su-25UBK purchased from RussiaThe Russian Air Force is the air force of Russian Military. It is currently under the command of Colonel General Aleksandr Zelin. The Russian Navy has its own air arm, the Russian Naval Aviation, which is the former Soviet Aviatsiya Voyenno Morskogo Flota , or AV-MF).The Air Force was formed from...
|- style="background:#efefef; color:black"
|-----
| Embraer EMB 312 TucanoThe Embraer EMB 312 Tucano is a two seat turboprop basic trainer developed in Brazil. The prototype first flew in 1980 and initial production units were delivered in 1983. The Tucano family of aircraft became one of Embraer's first international marketing successes, with 600 units produced...
|
| trainer
light attack
| 15
| Light Attack version
|- style="background:#efefef; color:black"
|-----
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | TransportTransport or transportation is the movement of people, cattle, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations...
|-----
|- style="background:#efefef; color:black"
|-----
| Ilyushin Il-76TDThe Ilyushin Il-76 is a multi-purpose four-engined strategic airlifter designed by Ilyushin design bureau. It was first planned as a commercial freighter in 1967. Intended as a replacement for the Antonov An-12, the Il-76 was designed for delivering heavy machinery to remote, poorly-serviced areas...
|
| Strategic airlift
| 3
|
|-----
| Antonov An-74TK-200
|
| Strategic airlift
| 11
|
|-----
| Dassault Falcon 20FThe Dassault Falcon 20 is a French business jet and was the first of a family of business jets built by Dassault Aviation.-Design and development:...
|
| Utility transport
| 1
|
|-----
| Saab Safari-See also:- References :* * * *...
|
| Utility transport
| 12
|
|-----
| Harbin Y-12-II-See also:-Bibliography:* Taylor, John W R. . Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1988-89. Coulsdon, Surrey, UK: Jane's Information Group, 1988. ISBN 07106-0867-5....
|
| Transport
| 8
|
|- style="background:#efefef; color:black"
|-----
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | Transport Helicopter
|-----
|- style="background:#efefef; color:black"
|-----
| Mil Mi-17The Mil Mi-17 is a Russian helicopter currently in production at two factories in Kazan and Ulan-Ude...
|
| Transport
| 19
|
|-----
| Mil Mi-8The Mil Mi-8 is a medium twin-turbine transport helicopter that can also act as a gunship. The Mi-8 is the world's most-produced helicopter, and is used by over 50 countries. Russia is the largest operator of the Mi-8/Mi-17 helicopter....
|
| Transport
| 1
|
|-----
| Bell 214|-See also:-External links:...
|
| Utility Helicopter
| 2
|
|
|-----
| Agusta-Bell 205
|
| Utility Helicopter
| 5
|
|-----
| Agusta-Bell 206 JetRangerThe Bell 206 is a family of two-bladed, single- or twin-engine helicopters, manufactured by Bell Helicopter at its Mirabel, Quebec plant. Originally developed as the Bell YOH-4 for the United States Army's Light Observation Helicopter program, the 206 failed to be selected...
|
| Utility Helicopter
| 8
|
|-----
| Schweizer 300
|
| Utility Helicopter
| 6
|
|-----
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | Attack HelicopterAn attack helicopter is a military helicopter with the primary role of an attack aircraft, with the capability of engaging targets on the ground, such as enemy infantry and armored vehicles...
|-----
|- style="background:#efefef; color:black"
|-----
| Panha 2091-See also:...
|
| Attack Helicopter
| 4
|
|-----
| AH-1J CobraThe Bell AH-1 SuperCobra is a twin-engine attack helicopter based on the US Army's AH-1 Cobra. The twin Cobra family includes the AH-1J SeaCobra, the AH-1T Improved SeaCobra, and the AH-1W SuperCobra...
|
| Attack Helicopter
| 4
|
|-----
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | Unmanned Aerial VehicleAn unmanned aerial vehicle , also known as a unmanned aircraft system , remotely piloted aircraft or unmanned aircraft, is a machine which functions either by the remote control of a navigator or pilot or autonomously, that is, as a self-directing entity...
|-----
|- style="background:#efefef; color:black"
|-----
| AbabilThe Ababil is an Iranian made UAV. Iran has developed a number of variants, including the tactical Ababil-5 for medium-range reconnaissance and surveillance, the Ababil-T for short/medium-range attack, and also the Ababil-B and -S.- Performance :...
|
| Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
|
|
|-----
| Mohajer I/II/III/VIThe Mohajer/Mirsad series of unmanned aerial vehicles is built by Iran and operated by Iran and Hezbollah. The Mohajer is primarily used to spy on military installations, enemy positions, etc. It may also be capable of guiding laser-guided munitions to their targets. The Mohajer 4 test-flew on 16...
|
| Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
|
|
|}
Missile forces
The AFAGIR controls Iran's strategic missile forces. It is claimed to operate several thousand short- and medium-range mobile ballistic missiles, including the Shahab-3/3B with a range of up to 2,100 kilometers, which is the mainstay of Iran’s strategic deterrent. If Iran ever produces nuclear weapons, the AFAGIR is likely to control them. Iran says that it has no intention of producing nuclear weapons.
Despite earlier roots, the Iranian military industryIran's military industry has taken great strides in the past 25 years, and now manufactures many types of arms and equipments. According to Iranian officials, the country sold $100 million worth of military equipment in 2003. and as of 2006 had exported weapons to 57 countries...
started the missile development program in earnest during Iran's long and costly war with Iraq. At times, throughout the war Iran found that it could not strike certain Iraqi facilities or targets with its own forces. This resulted in an ambitious missile development programme that is still continuing. Today, Iran is developing space launch vehicles and sophisticated medium-range ballistic missiles. Iran's ballistic missiles possess the capability to deliver a variety of conventional high explosive and submunition, as well as MIRVs. Iran's achievements in missile development has been called "impressive" by IISS.
Short range missiles
Solid fuel program
The foundations for this were laid with the OghabThe Iranian Oghab missile is an unguided 230 mm artillery rocket with a range of 34-45 km . It is spin-stabilized in flight but has a proven circular error probable in excess of 500 m , making it a highly inaccurate weapon. It carries a 70 kg high explosive fragmentation warhead, though it may...
and Shahin-II missiles. These would lead the way for a number of other rocket artillery systems including FajrThe Fajr prayer is the first of the five daily prayers offered by practising Muslims. The five daily prayers collectively form one pillar of the Five Pillars of Islam, in Sunni Islam, and one of the ten Practices of the Religion according to Shia Islam.The Fajr prayer is mentioned by name in the...
, Nazeat, and Zelzal. The initial effort in this area relied heavily on technical help from the People's Republic of ChinaChina , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
in the form of assembly and manufacturing contracts during 1991 and 1992. Iran was quick to surpass the Chinese level of assistance and became self sufficient.
Liquid fuel program
After the war, Iran's experience of liquid fuel missiles had purely focused on the reverse engineeringReverse engineering is the process of discovering the technological principles of a device, object, or system through analysis of its structure, function, and operation...
of Scud-BScud is a series of tactical ballistic missiles developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War, and exported widely to other countries. The term comes from the NATO reporting name SS-1 Scud which was attached to the missile by Western intelligence agencies...
missiles. However, with the post war reorganisation the focus of the effort quickly changed and focused on assembly and maintenance. A domestic version of the Scud-B, known as Shahab-1, was developed and manufactured. This led to its successor the Shahab-2The Shahab-2 is the successor to the Iranian Shahab-1 missile.The missile has a CEP of 50 m. On November 2, 2006, Iran fired unarmed missiles to begin 10 days of military simulations. Iranian state television reported "dozens of missiles were fired including Shahab-2 and Shahab-3 missiles...
, a variant of the Scud-CScud is a series of tactical ballistic missiles developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War, and exported widely to other countries. The term comes from the NATO reporting name SS-1 Scud which was attached to the missile by Western intelligence agencies...
, and finally the Shahab-3The Shahab-3 is a medium-range ballistic missile developed by Iran and based on the Nodong-1. The Shahab-3 has a range of ; a MRBM variant can now reach...
.
All these programs relied heavily on RussiaRussia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n and North Korean assistance. In recent years, Iranians developed multi-stage Shahab-4The Shahab-4 aka IRIS liquid propelled missile is an alleged, and possibly fictional, programme for Iran's first missile to bring satellites into orbit....
(now apparently shelved), and reportedly also Shahab-5Shahab-5 is an alleged Iranian long-range ballistic missile. The name Shahab is a class of Iranian missiles, with a service time of 1988 to present, which comes in six variants: Shahab-1, Shahab-2, Shahab-3, Shahab-4, Shahab-5, Shahab-6.-See also:...
and Shahab-6Shahab-6 is the designation of an alleged and possibly fictional Iranian long-range ballistic missile project alleged to exist by Israeli sources, and supposed to be an extension of the Shahab series of missiles, and first reported to the world by Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu in 1997....
, which are said to be derivations of North Korean TaepodongThe name Taepodong can refer to various topics related to North Korea:* Musudan-ri, a rocket launching facility located in an area once known as Taepo-dong when Korean was occupied by Japan...
. Iranian engineers participated in the North Korean Taepodong-2The Taepodong-2 is a designation used to indicate a North Korean two or three-stage ballistic missile design that is the successor to the Taepodong-1.-Details:...
missile launch on July 4, 2006.
Since the end of the war, Iran has consistently attempted to recruit foreign help, as well as its large and highly qualified expatriate population, into its missile program. Iranian expatriates who left with the revolution have been slow to return, but many are now doing so and thus heralding a new age for Iran's missile development programme with their tremendous wealth of technical experience.
Other missile systems
Iran has an arsenal of short-range, liquid-fueled missiles including the ScudScud is a series of tactical ballistic missiles developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War, and exported widely to other countries. The term comes from the NATO reporting name SS-1 Scud which was attached to the missile by Western intelligence agencies...
B and ScudScud is a series of tactical ballistic missiles developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War, and exported widely to other countries. The term comes from the NATO reporting name SS-1 Scud which was attached to the missile by Western intelligence agencies...
C, and is now able to produce SCUD type missiles on its own, such as the R-17E, a variant of the Russian Scud B. The Aerospace Industries Organization, a subsidiary of Iran's Ministry of Defense, supports the manufacturing process by engaging in SCUD missile restoration. Its short-range missile inventory also includes solid-fueled missiles, such as the Tondar-69 and the Fateh-110The Fateh-110 , is a single-stage solid-propellant, surface-to-surface missile with at least a 200 km range, and it is produced domestically within Iran, including the solid fuel propellant. The Aerospace Industries Organization is capable of producing many types of liquid and solid propellants...
.
Also, Iranian artillery rockets include the Samid, the Shahin-II Artillery Rocket, the Naze'atNaze'at are a series of Iranian-made artillery rocket with an estimated range of 100 km. There are two known variants, named Naze'at 6-H and Naze'at 10-H, each with different specifications. Like Zelzals, Naze'at rockets don't have a guidance system....
Artillery Rocket, the Zelzal-1Zelzal-1 is an Iranian-made heavy artillery rocket with an estimated range of 150 km.-See also:*Zelzal-2*Zelzal-3*Military of Iran*Iran's missile forces*Iranian military industry*Current Equipment of the Iranian Army...
, the Zelzal-2Zelzal-2 is an unguided Iranian 610 mm heavy artillery rocket that can carry a 600 kg warhead an estimated . The missile is thought to be based on the Soviet FROG-7 missile, with development begun in 1990....
and the Zelzal-3Zelzal-3 is an Iranian-made solid propellant missile, with an estimated range of 400 km.-See also:*Zelzal-1*Zelzal-2*Military of Iran*Iran's missile forces*Iranian military industry*Current Equipment of the Iranian Army...
.
Longer range ballistic missiles (1000 km plus)
, Iran has an active interest in developing, acquiring, and deploying a broad range of ballistic missiles, as well as developing a space launch capability. In mid-July 2008, Iran launched a number of ballistic missiles during military exercises, reportedly including the medium-range Shahab-3. Iran announced other missile and space launch tests in August and November 2008. In February 2009, Iran announced it launched a satellite into orbit and “officially achieved a presence in space.”
Fajr-3 MIRV
The Fajr-3 (MIRV) is currently Iran's most advanced ballistic missileA ballistic missile is a missile that follows a sub-orbital ballistic flightpath with the objective of delivering one or more warheads to a predetermined target. The missile is only guided during the relatively brief initial powered phase of flight and its course is subsequently governed by the...
. It is a domestically developed and produced liquid fuel missile with an unknown range. What makes it Iran's most advanced rocket is that it has multiple independently targeted reentry vehicles (MIRV) capabilities. Its MIRV capability gives it the ability of avoiding anti-missile Surface-to-air missileA surface-to-air missile or ground-to-air missile is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles...
s (SAMs). The missile was last launched during Holy Prophet wargames, which was the IRGC' largest naval war games ever. The Fajr-3 MIRV and the Fajr-3The Fajr-3 Artillery Rocket is an Iranian multiple-launch artillery rocket, a third-generation Katyusha rocket. Fajr means 'dawn' in Arabic....
artillery rocket are different systems.
Shahab-3
Shahab-3The Shahab-3 is a medium-range ballistic missile developed by Iran and based on the Nodong-1. The Shahab-3 has a range of ; a MRBM variant can now reach...
was the first Intermediate-range ballistic missileAn intermediate-range ballistic missile is a ballistic missile with a range of 3,000–5,500 km , between a medium-range ballistic missile and an intercontinental ballistic missile...
that was built by Iran's military. Its first model, also known as Shahab-3A has a range of 1300 km. Soon after Iran came with a new model called Shahab-3B, which has a range of 2000 km, and can carry a heavier warheadThe term warhead refers to the explosive material and detonator that is delivered by a missile, rocket, or torpedo.- Etymology :During the early development of naval torpedoes, they could be equipped with an inert payload that was intended for use during training, test firing and exercises. This...
. Making this missile was a major step in Iran's missile industry, and it opened the way to longer range missiles. Shahab-3D, which followed the Shahab-3C, is Iran's latest Shahab model.
A 2,000 km range threatens Russia (as far as Moscow), Ukraine, part of Hungary, Serbia, Greece, Egypt, Arabia, parts of India and China, as well as countries closer to Iran.
Jane's Information GroupJane's Information Group is a publishing company specializing in transportation and military topics.-History:It was founded by Fred T...
said in 2006 that Iran had six operational Shahab-3 brigades, the first of which was established in July 2003. They said that the six brigades were mainly equipped with standard variants, but with others described as enhanced Shahab-3 variants, with ranges of 1300-km, 1500-km and 2000-km respectively.
Anthony CordesmanAnthony H. Cordesman holds the Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies and is a national security analyst for ABC News on a number of global conflicts...
at the Center for Strategic and International StudiesThe Center for Strategic and International Studies is a bipartisan Washington, D.C., foreign policy think tank. The center was founded in 1962 by Admiral Arleigh Burke and Ambassador David Manker Abshire, originally as part of Georgetown University...
however said only in August 2007 that 'the air force of the IRGC is believed to operate Iran’s three Shahab-3 intermediate-range ballistic missiles units' while noting that their actual operational status remains uncertain.
Ghadr-110
The Ghadr-110 is a medium-range ballistic missile designed and developed by Iran. The missile has a range of 1,800 to 2,000 km. and so is the longest range Iranian missile.
It is believed to be an improved version of the Shahab-3The Shahab-3 is a medium-range ballistic missile developed by Iran and based on the Nodong-1. The Shahab-3 has a range of ; a MRBM variant can now reach...
, also known as the Ghadr-101. It has a liquid-fuel first stage and a solid-fuel second stage, which allowes it to have a range of 2,000 km. It has a higher maneuverability than the Shahab-3 and a set-up time of 30 minutes which is shorter than that of the Shahab-3.
Ashoura
November 2007, Iranian Defence Minister Mostafa Mohammad-NajjarMostafa Mohammad Najjar is the current Interior minister of Iran since August 9, 2009. He was Minister of Defense in the first cabinet of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad from 2005 to 2009. He is a veteran of the Revolutionary Guards .-Early life:...
announced Iran had built a new missile with a range of 2,000 km, the Ashoura missile. He didn't say how the missile differed from the Shahab-3, which has a range of 2100 km.
He told the gathering BasijThe Basij is a paramilitary volunteer militia established in 1979 by order of the Islamic Revolution's leader Ayatollah Khomeini. The force consists of young Iranians who have volunteered, often in exchange for official benefits...
militia during the manoeuvers they were holding that same week that: "The construction of the Ashoura missile, with the range of 2,000 km, is among the accomplishments of the Defence Ministry."
According to Jane's Defence WeeklyJane's Defence Weekly is a weekly magazine reporting on military and corporate affairs, edited by Peter Felstead. It is one of a number of military-related publications named after John F. T. Jane, an Englishman who first published Jane's All the World's Fighting Ships in 1898...
, the Ashoura represents a major breakthrough in Iranian missile technology. It is the first two stage MRBM using solid fueled rocket motors instead of the existing liquid fueled technology used on the ShahabShahab may refer to:* a male given name in Arabic and also Persian, meaning meteor or shooting star, or a bright star that illuminates the heavens* Shahab F.C., Iranian football club in Semnan...
. This would dramatically reduce the setup and deployment time for the missile and hence, shorten the amount of warning time for the enemy. Jane's noted that while the development parallels Pakistan's Shaheen MRBM there is no evidence to suggest there had been any prior technology exchange or with its other known technology partners such as North KoreaThe Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea...
or ChinaChinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
Sajjil
The new two-stage solid-fuel missile has a range of nearly 2,500 km, it was tested on the 12th of November 2008. An improved version, the Sajjil-2, was tested on the 20th of May 2009. Improvements include better navigation system, better targeting system, more payload, longer range, faster lift-off, longer storage time, quicker launch and lower detection possibilities.
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