Hybrid tax credit
Encyclopedia
The U.S. Energy Policy Act of 2005
established a federal income tax credit
of up to $3,400 for the purchase of new hybrid vehicle
s, purchased or placed into service after December 31, 2005. Vehicles purchased after December 31, 2010 are not eligible for this credit. The law limited the tax credits to the first 60,000 eligible vehicles per carmaker, meaning that credits for popular models will be phase out before the tax break's scheduled expiration date. Note these are credits — dollar for dollar tax savings — not merely deductions. The tax credit is to be phased out two calendar quarters after the manufacturer reaches 60,000 new cars sold in the following manner: it will be reduced to 50% if delivered in either the third or fourth quarter after the threshold is reached, to 25% in the fifth and sixth quarters, and 0% thereafter. The Internal Revenue Service
is responsible for certifying that certain passenger autos and light trucks qualify for the credit and the amount of the credit.
Some state governments in the U.S. have introduced special provisions for hybrid vehicles driving in carpool
lanes.
created incentives to encourage the purchase of low emission vehicles. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
expanded these incentives to include emerging electric vehicle, and plug in hybrid, technology. The Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 only acted to push back tax credit-claiming deadlines and include more electric vehicles in existing incentive programs. Although many speculated that more recent stimulus legislation would greatly expand existing incentive programs, but the legislation disappointed many. When passed, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
focused more on green infrastructure than personal transportation incentives. The act did allocate money, however, to equip government agencies with more efficient vehicles, created a grant program for diesel owners wishing to outfit their cars with cleaner burning technology, and added a significant tax incentive program for plug-in hybrids.
The tax incentives that are the result of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 are offered to make pricier, but more environmentally friendly vehicles more appealing. Because the process of manufacturing many low emission vehicle
s (LEV), for example, a hybrid engine
, is more technology intensive, and therefore more expensive, than the process of manufacturing a standard gasoline engine, the cost a hybrid automobile is greater than that of a car with comparable performance. Many potential buyers will require economic incentive to purchase a more expensive LEV over an automobile that runs on gasoline, so a tax credit is offered to effectively cheapen the LEV and encourage the purchase of more environmentally friendly automobiles.
The characteristics and availability of an offered tax credit will vary based on the characteristics and popularity of the car in question, respectively. The size of the offered tax credit typically corresponds in value to the amount of money that the technology in question adds to the manufacture price of the car. For example, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
that are in the early stages of development are more expensive and receive a larger tax credit than a diesel
car that is cheaper to make. Existing incentive programs are also set to phase out after a given maker sells 60,000 hybrid vehicles, so more popular models like the Toyota Prius
are no longer subject to a tax credit.
Incentives may also vary based on how well the car in question performs in these “green” categories. For example the buyer of a Tesla Roadster
, a fully electric vehicle, will receive a much larger tax credit than the buyer of a standard hybrid, which will pollute much more during its lifespan. The federal government now lists models that are pre-approved to receive a tax credit; some other models may qualify on an ad hoc basis.
s across an automaker's business, and as such, Lexus
hybrids are accounted as part of Toyota Motor Company production, or Mercury
hybrids are part of Ford Motor Company
hybrid production. As of mid 2010 three auto manufactures have reached the 60,000 cap, Toyota reached it in 2007, Honda in 2008, and as of April 1, 2010, all Ford hybrid vehicles are also no longer eligible for tax credits.
, hybrids with an EPA estimate of 45 miles per US gallon or higher meet the requirements to drive in California's carpool lanes with only one passenger.
Virginia
has also provisions for hybrid vehicles. For example, the Toyota Camry Hybrid was eligible, but must have been specially tagged by June 30, 2006 to be eligible for I-95 & I-395 exemption. Exemption for I-66 and Dulles Toll Road
HOV usage continues even for registrations beyond June 30.
As of July 29, 2005 Arizona
Revised Statutes from the 47th session Chapters 28-2416 and 28-737 allow hybrid vehicles that have been approved by the EPA
as meeting, at a minimum, the United States environmental protection agency ultralow emission vehicle standard with a special plates/hybrid sticker that is displayed on said vehicle to use the High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes regardless of the number of passengers. Arizona has not instituted this policy as it is awaiting clarification of the federal Hybrid HOV waiver from the EPA. On January 16, 2006 SB 1179 was introduced that would reaffirm the HOV benefit, pending federal clearance.
Energy Policy Act of 2005
The Energy Policy Act of 2005 is a bill passed by the United States Congress on July 29, 2005, and signed into law by President George W. Bush on August 8, 2005, at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico...
established a federal income tax credit
Tax credit
A tax credit is a sum deducted from the total amount a taxpayer owes to the state. A tax credit may be granted for various types of taxes, such as an income tax, property tax, or VAT. It may be granted in recognition of taxes already paid, as a subsidy, or to encourage investment or other behaviors...
of up to $3,400 for the purchase of new hybrid vehicle
Hybrid vehicle
A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources to move the vehicle. The term most commonly refers to hybrid electric vehicles , which combine an internal combustion engine and one or more electric motors.-Power:...
s, purchased or placed into service after December 31, 2005. Vehicles purchased after December 31, 2010 are not eligible for this credit. The law limited the tax credits to the first 60,000 eligible vehicles per carmaker, meaning that credits for popular models will be phase out before the tax break's scheduled expiration date. Note these are credits — dollar for dollar tax savings — not merely deductions. The tax credit is to be phased out two calendar quarters after the manufacturer reaches 60,000 new cars sold in the following manner: it will be reduced to 50% if delivered in either the third or fourth quarter after the threshold is reached, to 25% in the fifth and sixth quarters, and 0% thereafter. The Internal Revenue Service
Internal Revenue Service
The Internal Revenue Service is the revenue service of the United States federal government. The agency is a bureau of the Department of the Treasury, and is under the immediate direction of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue...
is responsible for certifying that certain passenger autos and light trucks qualify for the credit and the amount of the credit.
Some state governments in the U.S. have introduced special provisions for hybrid vehicles driving in carpool
Carpool
Carpooling , is the sharing of car journeys so that more than one person travels in a car....
lanes.
Energy Policy Act of 2005
The Energy Policy Act of 2005Energy Policy Act of 2005
The Energy Policy Act of 2005 is a bill passed by the United States Congress on July 29, 2005, and signed into law by President George W. Bush on August 8, 2005, at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico...
created incentives to encourage the purchase of low emission vehicles. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 is an Act of Congress concerning the energy policy of the United States...
expanded these incentives to include emerging electric vehicle, and plug in hybrid, technology. The Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 only acted to push back tax credit-claiming deadlines and include more electric vehicles in existing incentive programs. Although many speculated that more recent stimulus legislation would greatly expand existing incentive programs, but the legislation disappointed many. When passed, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, abbreviated ARRA and commonly referred to as the Stimulus or The Recovery Act, is an economic stimulus package enacted by the 111th United States Congress in February 2009 and signed into law on February 17, 2009, by President Barack Obama.To...
focused more on green infrastructure than personal transportation incentives. The act did allocate money, however, to equip government agencies with more efficient vehicles, created a grant program for diesel owners wishing to outfit their cars with cleaner burning technology, and added a significant tax incentive program for plug-in hybrids.
The tax incentives that are the result of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 are offered to make pricier, but more environmentally friendly vehicles more appealing. Because the process of manufacturing many low emission vehicle
Low emission vehicle
A low-emission vehicle is a motor vehicle that emits relatively low levels of motor vehicle emissions. The term may be used in a general sense, but in some countries it is defined in air quality statues....
s (LEV), for example, a hybrid engine
Hybrid vehicle
A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources to move the vehicle. The term most commonly refers to hybrid electric vehicles , which combine an internal combustion engine and one or more electric motors.-Power:...
, is more technology intensive, and therefore more expensive, than the process of manufacturing a standard gasoline engine, the cost a hybrid automobile is greater than that of a car with comparable performance. Many potential buyers will require economic incentive to purchase a more expensive LEV over an automobile that runs on gasoline, so a tax credit is offered to effectively cheapen the LEV and encourage the purchase of more environmentally friendly automobiles.
The characteristics and availability of an offered tax credit will vary based on the characteristics and popularity of the car in question, respectively. The size of the offered tax credit typically corresponds in value to the amount of money that the technology in question adds to the manufacture price of the car. For example, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
Hydrogen vehicle
A hydrogen vehicle is a vehicle that uses hydrogen as its onboard fuel for motive power. Hydrogen vehicles include hydrogen fueled space rockets, as well as automobiles and other transportation vehicles...
that are in the early stages of development are more expensive and receive a larger tax credit than a diesel
Diesel engine
A diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition to burn the fuel, which is injected into the combustion chamber...
car that is cheaper to make. Existing incentive programs are also set to phase out after a given maker sells 60,000 hybrid vehicles, so more popular models like the Toyota Prius
Toyota Prius
The Toyota Prius is a full hybrid electric mid-size hatchback, formerly a compact sedan developed and manufactured by the Toyota Motor Corporation...
are no longer subject to a tax credit.
Incentives may also vary based on how well the car in question performs in these “green” categories. For example the buyer of a Tesla Roadster
Tesla Roadster
The Tesla Roadster is a battery electric vehicle sports car produced by the electric car firm Tesla Motors in California. The Roadster was the first highway-capable all-electric vehicle in serial production available in the United States. Since 2008 Tesla has sold 2,024 Roadsters in 30 countries...
, a fully electric vehicle, will receive a much larger tax credit than the buyer of a standard hybrid, which will pollute much more during its lifespan. The federal government now lists models that are pre-approved to receive a tax credit; some other models may qualify on an ad hoc basis.
Classifications for tax credit certified vehicles
- Diesel: Because diesel engines are typically more fuel efficient, and can run on cleaner blends of diesel fuel, diesel powered car buyers qualify for federal tax credits. Many VolkswagenVolkswagenVolkswagen is a German automobile manufacturer and is the original and biggest-selling marque of the Volkswagen Group, which now also owns the Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, SEAT, and Škoda marques and the truck manufacturer Scania.Volkswagen means "people's car" in German, where it is...
diesel models are currently pre-approved for a tax credit of between $1,000 and $1,700. Because diesels are less common in the U.S. than standard gasoline cars, there are many more remaining tax credits for these Volkswagen models than there are for popular hybrid models like the Toyota Prius.
- Alternative fuel vehicles: Currently the only pre-approved alternative fuel vehicle is the Honda CivicHonda CivicThe Honda Civic is a line of subcompact and subsequently compact cars made and manufactured by Honda. The Civic, along with the Accord and Prelude, comprised Honda's vehicles sold in North America until the 1990s, when the model lineup was expanded...
GX, which runs on compressed natural gasCompressed natural gasCompressed natural gas is a fossil fuel substitute for gasoline , diesel, or propane/LPG. Although its combustion does produce greenhouse gases, it is a more environmentally clean alternative to those fuels, and it is much safer than other fuels in the event of a spill...
(CNG), a fossil fuelFossil fuelFossil fuels are fuels formed by natural processes such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms. The age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and sometimes exceeds 650 million years...
that burns cleaner than standard gasoline. Currently the standard credit for a qualified alternative fuel vehicle is $4,00. Other than the Civic GX, a number of models produced after 2004 may qualify for tax credits.
- Electric vehicles: Government tax credit programs are planned for electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles, but no specific models have yet been certified.
Phase out credits
The 60,000-vehicle cap applies to all nameplateNameplate
A nameplate identifies and displays a person or product's name. Name plates are usually shaped as rectangles but are also seen in other shapes, sometimes taking on the shape of someone’s name...
s across an automaker's business, and as such, Lexus
Lexus
is the luxury vehicle division of Japanese automaker Toyota Motor Corporation. First introduced in 1989 in the United States, Lexus is now sold globally and has become Japan's largest-selling make of premium cars. The Lexus marque is marketed in over 70 countries and territories worldwide, and has...
hybrids are accounted as part of Toyota Motor Company production, or Mercury
Mercury (automobile)
Mercury was an automobile marque of the Ford Motor Company launched in 1938 by Edsel Ford, son of Henry Ford, to market entry-level luxury cars slotted between Ford-branded regular models and Lincoln-branded luxury vehicles, similar to General Motors' Buick brand, and Chrysler's namesake brand...
hybrids are part of Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. The automaker was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. In addition to the Ford and Lincoln brands, Ford also owns a small stake in Mazda in Japan and Aston Martin in the UK...
hybrid production. As of mid 2010 three auto manufactures have reached the 60,000 cap, Toyota reached it in 2007, Honda in 2008, and as of April 1, 2010, all Ford hybrid vehicles are also no longer eligible for tax credits.
Currently available credits
The following chart refers to model year 2009/2011 vehicles, and these credits are available to vehicles purchased before December 31, 2010, when the credits expire.| Make | Model | EPA Estimated Mileage City/Highway/Avg |
Credit Amount |
|---|---|---|---|
| BMW | 2011 BMW ActiveHybrid 7 | 17/26/na | $900 |
| BMW | 2010 BMW ActiveHybrid X6 | 17/19/18 | $1,550 |
| Cadillac | 2010 Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 2WD | 21/22/22 | $2,200 |
| Cadillac | 2010 Cadillac Escalade Hybrid AWD | NA/NA/NA | $2,200 |
| Chevrolet | 2010 Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid | 26/34/29 | $1,550 |
| Chevrolet | 2010 Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid 2WD | 21/22/21 | $2,200 |
| Chevrolet | 2010 Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid 4WD | 21/22/21 | $2,200 |
| Chevrolet | 2010 Chevrolet Tahoe Chevrolet Tahoe The Chevrolet Tahoe are full-size SUVs from General Motors. Chevrolet and GMC sold two different-sized SUVs under their Blazer/Jimmy model names through the early 1990s. This situation changed when GMC rebadged the full-size Jimmy as the Yukon in 1992... Hybrid 2WD |
21/22/22 | $2,200 |
| Chevrolet | 2010 Chevrolet Tahoe Chevrolet Tahoe The Chevrolet Tahoe are full-size SUVs from General Motors. Chevrolet and GMC sold two different-sized SUVs under their Blazer/Jimmy model names through the early 1990s. This situation changed when GMC rebadged the full-size Jimmy as the Yukon in 1992... Hybrid 4WD |
20/22/21 | $2,200 |
| Chrysler | 2009 Chrysler Aspen Chrysler Aspen The Chrysler Aspen is a full-size sport utility vehicle from Chrysler. Launched for the 2007 model year, the Aspen is essentially a rebranded Dodge Durango SUV... Hybrid |
20/22/21 | $2,200 |
| Dodge | 2009 Dodge Durango Dodge Durango The Dodge Durango is a full-size crossover SUV from the Dodge division of Chrysler. It was introduced in 1998 as a mid-size SUV, and as a replacement for the Ramcharger discontinued in the North American market in 1993, and was redesigned to full-size for 2004.... Hybrid |
20/22/21 | $2,200 |
| Ford | 2009 Ford Escape Hybrid 2WD | 34/31/32 | $750 |
| Ford | 2009 Ford Escape Hybrid 4WD | 29/27/28 | $487.50 |
| Ford | 2010 Ford Fusion Hybrid Ford Fusion Hybrid The Ford Fusion Hybrid is a gasoline-electric hybrid powered version of the mid-size Ford Fusion sedan developed by the Ford Motor Company, and launched to the U.S. market in March 2009 as a 2010 model, together with its twin the Mercury Milan Hybrid. The Fusion Hybrid is manufactured at Ford's... |
41/36/39 | $850 |
| GMC | 2010 GMC Sierra Hybrid 2WD | 21/22/22 | $2,200 |
| GMC | 2010 GMC Sierra Hybrid 4WD | 20/22/21 | $2,200 |
| GMC | 2009 GMC Yukon Chevrolet Tahoe The Chevrolet Tahoe are full-size SUVs from General Motors. Chevrolet and GMC sold two different-sized SUVs under their Blazer/Jimmy model names through the early 1990s. This situation changed when GMC rebadged the full-size Jimmy as the Yukon in 1992... Hybrid 2WD |
21/22/22 | $2,200 |
| GMC | 2009 GMC Yukon Hybrid 4WD | 21/22/21 | $2,200 |
| Honda | 2010 Honda Civic Hybrid Honda Civic Hybrid The Civic hybrid, based on the seventh generation Civic, was first introduced to the Japanese market in December 2001. Honda claimed it was the most fuel efficient 5-passenger gasoline-powered production vehicle in the world at the time. It was introduced to the U.S. in spring 2002 as a 2003 model... |
40/45/42 | $0 |
| Honda | 2010 Honda Insight Honda Insight The Honda Insight is a hybrid electric vehicle manufactured by Honda and the first production vehicle to feature Honda's Integrated Motor Assist system. The first-generation Insight was produced from 1999 to 2006 as a three-door hatchback... |
40/43/41 | $0 |
| Lexus | 2010 Lexus GS 450h Hybrid | 22/25/23 | $0 |
| Lexus | 2010 Lexus HS 250h Hybrid | 35/34/35 | $0 |
| Lexus | 2009 Lexus LS 600h Hybrid | 20/22/21 | $0 |
| Lexus | 2010 Lexus RX 450h Hybrid 2WD | 32/28/30 | $0 |
| Lexus | 2010 Lexus RX 450h Hybrid 4WD | 30/28/29 | $0 |
| Mazda | 2009 Mazda Tribute Mazda Tribute The Mazda Tribute is a compact SUV made by Japanese automaker Mazda since 2001. It is jointly developed with Ford Motor Company and based on the front-wheel drive Mazda 626 platform, which is in turn the basis for the similar Ford Escape on the CD2 platform... 2WD |
34/31/32 | $3,000 |
| Mazda | 2009 Mazda Tribute 4WD | 29/27/28 | $1,950 |
| Mercedes-Benz | 2010 Mercedes-Benz S400 BlueHybrid | 19/25/21 | $1,150 |
| Mercedes-Benz | 2010 Mercedes-Benz ML450 Hybrid | 21/24/22 | $2,200 |
| Mercury | 2009 Mercury Mariner Mercury Mariner The Mariner Hybrid powertrain is identical to its sibling, the Ford Escape Hybrid, and it was launched to the U.S. market in 2006.Like the Ford Escape Hybrid, the Mariner Hybrid is a "full" hybrid electric system, meaning the system can switch automatically between pure electric power, pure... Hybrid 2WD |
34/31/32 | $750 |
| Mercury | 2009 Mariner Hybrid 4WD | 29/27/28 | $487.50 |
| Mercury | 2010 Mercury Milan Hybrid | 41/36/39 | $850 |
| Nissan | 2010 Nissan Altima Hybrid | 35/33/34 | $2,350 |
| Saturn | 2009 Saturn Aura Hybrid | 24/34/29 | $1,550 |
| Saturn | 2009 Saturn Vue Saturn VUE The Saturn Vue is a compact crossover SUV that was sold by General Motors' Saturn marque, and at one time was Saturn's best-selling model. It was the first vehicle to use the GM Theta platform when it was introduced in 2002. A second generation model was launched in 2007 for the 2008 model as a... Hybrid |
25/32/28 | $1,550 |
| Toyota | 2010 Toyota Camry Hybrid | 33/34/34 | $0 |
| Toyota | 2010 Toyota Highlander Hybrid | 27/25/26 | $0 |
| Toyota | 2010 Toyota Prius Toyota Prius The Toyota Prius is a full hybrid electric mid-size hatchback, formerly a compact sedan developed and manufactured by the Toyota Motor Corporation... |
51/48/50 | $0 |
Historical credit rankings
Hybrid tax credits from lowest to highest:- 2006-07 Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid 2wd, $250
- 2006-07 GMC Sierra Hybrid 2wd, $250
- 2008 Lexus LS 600h, $450 (purchased on/before 9/31/07) / $0 (purchased on/after 10/1/07)
- 2006-07 Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid 4WDFour Wheel DriveThe Four Wheel Drive Auto Company, more often known as Four Wheel Drive or just FWD, was founded in 1909 in Clintonville, Wisconsin, as the Badger Four-Wheel Drive Auto Company by Otto Zachow and William Besserdich.-History:...
, $650 - 2006-07 GMC Sierra Hybrid 4WDFour Wheel DriveThe Four Wheel Drive Auto Company, more often known as Four Wheel Drive or just FWD, was founded in 1909 in Clintonville, Wisconsin, as the Badger Four-Wheel Drive Auto Company by Otto Zachow and William Besserdich.-History:...
, $650 - 2005 Honda Accord Hybrid, $650 (purchased on/before 12/31/07) / $325 (purchased 1/1/08-6/30/08) / $162.50 (purchased 7/1/08-12/31/08) / $0 (purchased on or after 1/1/09)
- 2006 Honda Accord Hybrid (w/o updated control calibration), $650 (purchased on/before 12/31/07) / $325 (purchased 1/1/08-6/30/08) / $162.50 (purchased 7/1/08-12/31/08) / $0 (purchased on or after 1/1/09)
- 2007 Saturn VUE Green Line, $650
- 2010 Mercedes-Benz S400 Hybrid, $1,150
- 2007-08 Saturn Aura Green Line, $1,300
- 2008 Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid, $1,300
- 2006-07 Honda Accord Hybrid (w/ updated control calibration), $1,300
- 2005-06 Honda InsightHonda InsightThe Honda Insight is a hybrid electric vehicle manufactured by Honda and the first production vehicle to feature Honda's Integrated Motor Assist system. The first-generation Insight was produced from 1999 to 2006 as a three-door hatchback...
CVT, $1,450 (purchased on/before 12/31/07) / $725 (purchased 1/1/08-6/30/08) / $362.50 (purchased 7/1/08-12/31/08) / $0 (purchased on or after 1/1/09) - 2007 Lexus GS 450h, $1,550 (purchased on/before 30 September 2006) / $775 (purchased 10/01/06-03/31/07) / $387.50 (purchased 04/01/07-09/30/07) / $0 (purchased on or after 10/01/07)
- 2009-10 Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid, $1,550
- 2009 Saturn Aura Hybrid, $1,550
- 2008-09 Saturn VueSaturn VUEThe Saturn Vue is a compact crossover SUV that was sold by General Motors' Saturn marque, and at one time was Saturn's best-selling model. It was the first vehicle to use the GM Theta platform when it was introduced in 2002. A second generation model was launched in 2007 for the 2008 model as a...
Hybrid, $1,550 - 2005 Honda Civic HybridHonda Civic HybridThe Civic hybrid, based on the seventh generation Civic, was first introduced to the Japanese market in December 2001. Honda claimed it was the most fuel efficient 5-passenger gasoline-powered production vehicle in the world at the time. It was introduced to the U.S. in spring 2002 as a 2003 model...
(SULEVSuper Ultra Low Emission VehicleSuper Ultra Low Emission Vehicle is a U.S. classification for conventionally powered, natural gas powered, or gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle designed to produce minimal emissions of certain categories of air pollution at their exhaust, typically 90% less than that of an equivalent ordinary full...
) MT & CVT, $1,700 (purchased on/before 12/31/07) / $850 (purchased 1/1/08-6/30/08) / $425 (purchased 7/1/08-12/31/08) / $0 (purchased on or after 1/1/09) - 2009 Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 4WD, $1,800
- 2005-07, 09 Ford Escape Hybrid 4WDFour Wheel DriveThe Four Wheel Drive Auto Company, more often known as Four Wheel Drive or just FWD, was founded in 1909 in Clintonville, Wisconsin, as the Badger Four-Wheel Drive Auto Company by Otto Zachow and William Besserdich.-History:...
, $1,950 (purchased on/before 31 March 2009) / $975 (purchased 04/01/09-09/30/09) / $487.50 (purchased 10/01/09-03/31/10) / $0 (purchased on/after 04/01/10) - 2006-07, 09 Mercury Mariner Hybrid 4WDFour Wheel DriveThe Four Wheel Drive Auto Company, more often known as Four Wheel Drive or just FWD, was founded in 1909 in Clintonville, Wisconsin, as the Badger Four-Wheel Drive Auto Company by Otto Zachow and William Besserdich.-History:...
, $1,950 (purchased on/before 31 March 2009) / $975 (purchased 04/01/09-09/30/09) / $487.50 (purchased 10/01/09-03/31/10) / $0 (purchased on/after 04/01/10) - 2009 Mazda TributeMazda TributeThe Mazda Tribute is a compact SUV made by Japanese automaker Mazda since 2001. It is jointly developed with Ford Motor Company and based on the front-wheel drive Mazda 626 platform, which is in turn the basis for the similar Ford Escape on the CD2 platform...
Hybrid 4WDFour Wheel DriveThe Four Wheel Drive Auto Company, more often known as Four Wheel Drive or just FWD, was founded in 1909 in Clintonville, Wisconsin, as the Badger Four-Wheel Drive Auto Company by Otto Zachow and William Besserdich.-History:...
, $1,950 - 2006-08 Honda Civic HybridHonda Civic HybridThe Civic hybrid, based on the seventh generation Civic, was first introduced to the Japanese market in December 2001. Honda claimed it was the most fuel efficient 5-passenger gasoline-powered production vehicle in the world at the time. It was introduced to the U.S. in spring 2002 as a 2003 model...
CVT, $2,100 (purchased on/before 12/31/07) / $1,050 (purchased 1/1/08-6/30/08) / $525 (purchased 7/1/08-12/31/08) / $0 (purchased on or after 1/1/09) - 2006-08 Lexus RX 400hLexus RX 400hThe Lexus RX is the second generation of the Lexus RX series of crossover SUVs that was sold by Lexus from 2003 to 2009. First introduced in 2003 at the North American International Auto Show, the initial RX 330 models went on sale later that year...
2WD or 4WDFour Wheel DriveThe Four Wheel Drive Auto Company, more often known as Four Wheel Drive or just FWD, was founded in 1909 in Clintonville, Wisconsin, as the Badger Four-Wheel Drive Auto Company by Otto Zachow and William Besserdich.-History:...
, $2,200 (purchased on/before 30 September 2006) / $1100 (purchased 10/01/06-03/31/07) / $550(purchased 04/01/07-09/30/07) / $0 (purchased on or after 10/01/07) - 2008 Ford Escape Hybrid 4WDFour Wheel DriveThe Four Wheel Drive Auto Company, more often known as Four Wheel Drive or just FWD, was founded in 1909 in Clintonville, Wisconsin, as the Badger Four-Wheel Drive Auto Company by Otto Zachow and William Besserdich.-History:...
, $2,200 (purchased on/before 31 March 2009) / $1,100 (purchased 04/01/09-09/30/09) / $550 (purchased 10/01/09-03/31/10) / $0 (purchased on/after 04/01/10) - 2008 Mercury Mariner Hybrid 4WDFour Wheel DriveThe Four Wheel Drive Auto Company, more often known as Four Wheel Drive or just FWD, was founded in 1909 in Clintonville, Wisconsin, as the Badger Four-Wheel Drive Auto Company by Otto Zachow and William Besserdich.-History:...
, $2,200 (purchased on/before 31 March 2009) / $1,100 (purchased 04/01/09-09/30/09) / $550 (purchased 10/01/09-03/31/10) / $0 (purchased on/after 04/01/10) - 2009-10 Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 2WD, $2,200
- 2010 Cadillac Escalade Hybrid 4WD, $2,200
- 2009-10 Chevrolet SilveradoChevrolet SilveradoThe Chevrolet Silverado , is the latest line of full-size pickup trucks from General Motors.-History:...
Hybrid, $2,200 - 2008-10 Chevrolet TahoeChevrolet TahoeThe Chevrolet Tahoe are full-size SUVs from General Motors. Chevrolet and GMC sold two different-sized SUVs under their Blazer/Jimmy model names through the early 1990s. This situation changed when GMC rebadged the full-size Jimmy as the Yukon in 1992...
Hybrid, $2,200 - 2009 Chrysler AspenChrysler AspenThe Chrysler Aspen is a full-size sport utility vehicle from Chrysler. Launched for the 2007 model year, the Aspen is essentially a rebranded Dodge Durango SUV...
Hybrid, $2,200 - 2009 Dodge DurangoDodge DurangoThe Dodge Durango is a full-size crossover SUV from the Dodge division of Chrysler. It was introduced in 1998 as a mid-size SUV, and as a replacement for the Ramcharger discontinued in the North American market in 1993, and was redesigned to full-size for 2004....
Hybrid, $2,200 - 2009-10GMC Sierra Hybrid, $2,200
- 2008-10 GMC YukonChevrolet TahoeThe Chevrolet Tahoe are full-size SUVs from General Motors. Chevrolet and GMC sold two different-sized SUVs under their Blazer/Jimmy model names through the early 1990s. This situation changed when GMC rebadged the full-size Jimmy as the Yukon in 1992...
Hybrid, $2,200 - 2007-10 Nissan Altima Hybrid, $2,350
- 2007 Toyota Camry Hybrid, $2,600 (purchased on/before 30 September 2006) / $1300 (purchased 10/01/06-03/31/07) / $650(purchased 04/01/07-09/30/07) / $0 (purchased on or after 10/01/07)
- 2006-08 Toyota Highlander Hybrid 2WD or 4WDFour Wheel DriveThe Four Wheel Drive Auto Company, more often known as Four Wheel Drive or just FWD, was founded in 1909 in Clintonville, Wisconsin, as the Badger Four-Wheel Drive Auto Company by Otto Zachow and William Besserdich.-History:...
, $2,600 (purchased on/before 30 September 2006) / $1300 (purchased 10/01/06-03/31/07) / $650(purchased 04/01/07-09/30/07) / $0 (purchased on or after 10/01/07) - 2005-07 Ford Escape Hybrid 2WD, $2,600 (purchased on/before 31 March 2009) / $1,300 (purchased 04/01/09-09/30/09) / $650 (purchased 10/01/09-03/31/10) / $0 (purchased on/after 04/01/10)
- 2008-09 Ford Escape Hybrid 2WD, $3,000 (purchased on/before 31 March 2009) / $1,500 (purchased 04/01/09-09/30/09) / $750 (purchased 10/01/09-03/31/10) / $0 (purchased on/after 04/01/10)
- 2008-09 Mercury Mariner Hybrid 2WD, $3,000 (purchased on/before 31 March 2009) / $1,500 (purchased 04/01/09-09/30/09) / $750 (purchased 10/01/09-03/31/10) / $0 (purchased on/after 04/01/10)
- 2008-09 Mazda TributeMazda TributeThe Mazda Tribute is a compact SUV made by Japanese automaker Mazda since 2001. It is jointly developed with Ford Motor Company and based on the front-wheel drive Mazda 626 platform, which is in turn the basis for the similar Ford Escape on the CD2 platform...
Hybrid 2WD, $3,000 - 2005-08 Toyota PriusToyota PriusThe Toyota Prius is a full hybrid electric mid-size hatchback, formerly a compact sedan developed and manufactured by the Toyota Motor Corporation...
$3,150 (purchased on/before 30 September 2006) / $1575 (purchased 10/01/06-03/31/07) / $787.50 (purchased 04/01/07-09/30/07) / $0 (purchased on or after 10/01/07) - 2010 Ford Fusion HybridFord Fusion HybridThe Ford Fusion Hybrid is a gasoline-electric hybrid powered version of the mid-size Ford Fusion sedan developed by the Ford Motor Company, and launched to the U.S. market in March 2009 as a 2010 model, together with its twin the Mercury Milan Hybrid. The Fusion Hybrid is manufactured at Ford's...
, $3,400 (purchased on/before 31 March 2009) / $1,700 (purchased 04/01/09-09/30/09) / $850 (purchased 10/01/09-03/31/10) / $0 (purchased on/after 04/01/10) - 2010 Mercury Milan Hybrid, $3,400 (purchased on/before 31 March 2009) / $1,700 (purchased 04/01/09-09/30/09) / $850 (purchased 10/01/09-03/31/10) / $0 (purchased on/after 04/01/10)
Carpool lane incentives
In CaliforniaCalifornia
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
, hybrids with an EPA estimate of 45 miles per US gallon or higher meet the requirements to drive in California's carpool lanes with only one passenger.
Virginia
Virginia
The Commonwealth of Virginia , is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" after the eight U.S. presidents born there...
has also provisions for hybrid vehicles. For example, the Toyota Camry Hybrid was eligible, but must have been specially tagged by June 30, 2006 to be eligible for I-95 & I-395 exemption. Exemption for I-66 and Dulles Toll Road
Virginia State Route 267
State Route 267 is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. It consists of two end-to-end toll roads – the Dulles Toll Road and Dulles Greenway – as well as the Dulles Access Road,...
HOV usage continues even for registrations beyond June 30.
As of July 29, 2005 Arizona
Arizona
Arizona ; is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the western United States and the mountain west. The capital and largest city is Phoenix...
Revised Statutes from the 47th session Chapters 28-2416 and 28-737 allow hybrid vehicles that have been approved by the EPA
United States Environmental Protection Agency
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is an agency of the federal government of the United States charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress...
as meeting, at a minimum, the United States environmental protection agency ultralow emission vehicle standard with a special plates/hybrid sticker that is displayed on said vehicle to use the High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes regardless of the number of passengers. Arizona has not instituted this policy as it is awaiting clarification of the federal Hybrid HOV waiver from the EPA. On January 16, 2006 SB 1179 was introduced that would reaffirm the HOV benefit, pending federal clearance.
See also
- Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008
- Government incentives for plug-in electric vehiclesGovernment incentives for plug-in electric vehiclesGovernment incentives for plug-in electric vehicles have been established by several national and local governments around the world as a financial incentive for consumers to purchase a plug-in electric vehicle....