Hung Yen Province
Encyclopedia
Hưng Yên is a province
in the Red River Delta
of northern Vietnam
.
During the legendary Hưng Kings period, Hung Yen belonged to Giao Chi area, Du Chien district. Under the Ngô Dynasty
, it was called Dang Chau. It was then renamed Thai Binh phu (phu is an administrative unit) under the Early Lê Dynasty, Dang Chau and Khoai Chau phu under the Lý Dynasty
and Long Hung lo (lo is an administrative unit) and Khoai lo under the Trần Dynasty. Under the Later Lê Dynasty, Hung Yen belonged to Son Nam and then divided into Son Nam Thuong lo and Son Nam Ha lo.
The Nguyễn Dynasty implemented administrative reforms in 1831 to dismantle the tran administrative units and establish provinces. Five districts of Dong Yen, Kim Dong, Thien Thi, Phu Cu and Tien Lu were separated from Khoai Chau phu of Son Nam Thuong tran and three districts of Than Khe, Duyen Ha and Hung Nhan were separated from Tien Hung phu of Nam Dinh
tran of lower Son Nam town to establish Hung Yen province. The initial center of the province was located in An Vu and Luong Dien communes and then moved to Nhi Tan of Xich Dang commune (now Hung Yen city).
This area has favourable transport conditions with communes and markets lying side by side, enabling trading activities to be busier and busier. The Chronicle of Hung yen province stated: "The streets are very busy and bustle, crowded with vehicles; the old images of Phổ Hiền in Son Nam can been seen now in this land".
of Vietnam, Hung Yen was a province located on both sides of the Luoc River. Since its establishment, the province's territory has changed many times.
On March 27, 1833, French troops led by Captain Henri Rivière moved along the Red River from Hanoi
and defeated Nam Dinh citadel. He then demanded Sub lieutenant De Trentinian to lead a unit of troops to attack Hung Yen citadel. After occupying Hung Yen, they made many efforts to strengthen their puppet government and establish various troop stations on one hand while speeding up the measuring and mapping work for deep involvement into communes and hamlets. However, they met many difficulties, confronting resistance by the Bai Say Revolt.
In 1890, the French set up the Bai Say area consisting of Yen My, Yen Hao, Van Lam and Cam Luong districts for the purpose of easier suppression of revolts. After the failure of the Bai Say rebellion, they merged Van Lam, Yen My and Yen Hao districts into Hung Yen province and returned Cam Luong district (now Cẩm Giàng) to Hải Dương Province
.
Also in 1890, the French split Than Khe district from Tien Hung phu of Hung Yen province and Thai Binh phu and Kien Xuong phu from Nam Dinh province and set up a new province called Thái Bình
. Afterwards, they went on to cut Hung Nhan and Duyen Ha districts and transferred Tien Lu district (formerly belonging to Tien Hung area) to merge into Khoai Chau phu. Ever since, the Luoc River has served as the natural border between Hung Yen and Thai Binh. This period lasted from French colonization to the August Revolution
in 1945.
On January 26, 1968, the Standing Committee of the National Assembly approved a resolution on the unification of Hải Dương
and Hung Yen into Hai Hung Province
. After that, Van Giang and Yen My districts were unified into Van Yen district; Tien Lu and Phu Cu districts were unified into Phu Tien district; Van Lam and My Hao districts were unified into Van My; Kim Dong and An Thi districts were unified into Kim Thi district. Van Yen and Van My districts were unified into My Van; Khoai Chau district and a part of Van Giang district were unified into Chau Giang district.
On November 6, 1996, the National Assembly approved the division of Hai Hung into Hai Duong and Hung Yen. After that, the unified districts were split as the former administrative units.
Hung Yen now has ten district and town-level administrative units: Hung Yen city, districts of Van Lam, Van Giang, My Hao, Yen My, Khoai Chau, An Thi, Kim Dong, Tien Lu and Phu Cu with 161 communes, districts and towns.
, in the Northern Focal Economic Zone and the Hanoi-Hai Phong–Quảng Ninh Economic Triangle.
The eastern gateway to Hanoi, Hung Yen has 23 km of the 5A National Highway and over 20 km of the Hanoi-Haiphong railway route. In addition, the national highways 39A and 38, which are prolonged from the National Highway 5, passing by Hung Yen city, running to the National Highway 1A through Yen Lenh Bridge and to the National Highway 10 through Trieu Duong Bridge. This is an important transportation axis linking southwestern provinces in the Northern Delta (Ha Nam
, Ninh Bình
, Nam Định and Thanh Hóa) with Hải Dương
, Haiphong and Quảng Ninh
provinces.
Hung Yen is close to Hai Phong and Cai Lan seaports and Noi Bai International Airport
. It has borders with Hanoi and the provinces of Bắc Ninh, Ha Tay
, Ha Nam
, Thai Binh and Hai Duong.
climate. Every year, there are two separate hot and cold seasons in the province. The sun shines on average 1,519 hours per year and the average number of sunny days is per month is 24. The average temperature is 23.2 °C in the summer and 16 °C in the winter.
The average rainfall is between 1,450 and 1,650 mm and the rainfall from May to October accounts up to 70% of the year's total. The average humidity in the air is 86%; the highest level of humidity is 92% while the lowest level is 79%.
Hung Yen has a plentiful fresh water source because it is surrounded by the Hong River and Luoc River. Its underground water source is also bountiful with a huge reserve. In the area along the 5A National Highway, from Như Quỳnh to Quan Goi, there lie mammoth underground water mines with a reserve of millions of cubic metres, which not only can supply water for industrial development and urban daily consumption but also can supply a big water volume for neighboring localities.
Hung Yen's brown coal source, which is a part of the brown basin in the Red River Delta and has a 30-billion-tonne reserve, has not been exploited yet. However, this is a big potential to develop the mining industry, meeting the energy demand in the domestic market and export.
Provinces of Vietnam
Vietnam is divided into 58 provinces and five centrally governed cities existing at the same level as provinces ....
in the Red River Delta
Red River Delta
The Red River Delta is the flat plain formed by the Red River and its distributaries joining in the Thai Binh River in northern Vietnam. The delta measuring some 15,000 square km is well protected by a network of dikes. It is an agriculturally rich area and densely populated...
of northern Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
.
Administrative divisions
The province comprises one city (Hưng Yên) and nine districts:- Ân ThiAn ThiÂn Thi is a rural district of Hung Yen province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 135,423. The district covers an area of 128 km². The district capital lies at An Thi.-References:...
- Khoái ChâuKhoai ChauKhoái Châu is a rural district of Hung Yen province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. In Sino-Vietnamese script, used until 1945, the name is given as 快州.-Feudal time:*During Hung Kings period, Khoai Chau belonged to Giao Chi borough....
- Kim ĐộngKim DongKim Động is a rural district of Hung Yen province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 123,443. The district covers an area of 115 km². The district capital lies at Luong Bang....
- Mỹ HàoMy HaoMỹ Hào is a rural district of Hung Yen province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 86,242. The district covers an area of 79 km². The district capital lies at Ban Yen Nhan.-References:...
- Phù CừPhu CuPhù Cừ is a rural district of Hung Yen province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 88,605. The district covers an area of 94 km². The district capital lies at Tran Cao.-References:...
- Tiên LữTien LuTiên Lữ is a rural district of Hung Yen province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 109,496. The district covers an area of 92 km². The district capital lies at Vuong.-References:...
- Văn GiangVan GiangVan Giang is a district of Hung Yen Province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam.As of 2003 the district had a population of 96,493. The district covers an area of 72 km². The district capital lies at Van Giang.-References:...
- Văn LâmVan LamVan Lam is a district of Hung Yen Province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam.As of 2003 the district had a population of 97,238. The district covers an area of 74 km². The district capital lies at Nhu Quynh.-References:...
- Yên Mỹ
Feudal dynasties
The area of the province of Hưng Yên has been inhabited for millennia.During the legendary Hưng Kings period, Hung Yen belonged to Giao Chi area, Du Chien district. Under the Ngô Dynasty
Ngô Dynasty
The Ngô dynasty was a dynasty in Vietnam.Around the year 930 AD, as Ngô Quyền rose to power, northern Vietnam was militarily occupied by Southern Han and was treated as an autonomous province and vassal state of China and was referred to as Giao Chỉ...
, it was called Dang Chau. It was then renamed Thai Binh phu (phu is an administrative unit) under the Early Lê Dynasty, Dang Chau and Khoai Chau phu under the Lý Dynasty
Lý Dynasty
The Lý Dynasty , sometimes known as the Later Lý Dynasty , was a Vietnamese dynasty that began in 1009 when Lý Thái Tổ overthrew the Prior Lê Dynasty and ended in 1225 when the queen Lý Chiêu Hoàng was forced to abdicate the throne in favor of her husband, Trần Cảnh. They ruled Vietnam for a...
and Long Hung lo (lo is an administrative unit) and Khoai lo under the Trần Dynasty. Under the Later Lê Dynasty, Hung Yen belonged to Son Nam and then divided into Son Nam Thuong lo and Son Nam Ha lo.
The Nguyễn Dynasty implemented administrative reforms in 1831 to dismantle the tran administrative units and establish provinces. Five districts of Dong Yen, Kim Dong, Thien Thi, Phu Cu and Tien Lu were separated from Khoai Chau phu of Son Nam Thuong tran and three districts of Than Khe, Duyen Ha and Hung Nhan were separated from Tien Hung phu of Nam Dinh
Nam Dinh
Nam Định is a big city in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. It is the capital of Nam Dinh Province and capital of the South of Red River Delta. Nam Dinh province was, at one time, part of Ha Nam Ninh province until it was split up again in 1996 to return to being two separate provinces,...
tran of lower Son Nam town to establish Hung Yen province. The initial center of the province was located in An Vu and Luong Dien communes and then moved to Nhi Tan of Xich Dang commune (now Hung Yen city).
This area has favourable transport conditions with communes and markets lying side by side, enabling trading activities to be busier and busier. The Chronicle of Hung yen province stated: "The streets are very busy and bustle, crowded with vehicles; the old images of Phổ Hiền in Son Nam can been seen now in this land".
French colonization
The name Hung Yen officially appeared in the directory of the country in 1831. For that reason, prior to the French occupationFrench Indochina
French Indochina was part of the French colonial empire in southeast Asia. A federation of the three Vietnamese regions, Tonkin , Annam , and Cochinchina , as well as Cambodia, was formed in 1887....
of Vietnam, Hung Yen was a province located on both sides of the Luoc River. Since its establishment, the province's territory has changed many times.
On March 27, 1833, French troops led by Captain Henri Rivière moved along the Red River from Hanoi
Hanoi
Hanoi , is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city. Its population in 2009 was estimated at 2.6 million for urban districts, 6.5 million for the metropolitan jurisdiction. From 1010 until 1802, it was the most important political centre of Vietnam...
and defeated Nam Dinh citadel. He then demanded Sub lieutenant De Trentinian to lead a unit of troops to attack Hung Yen citadel. After occupying Hung Yen, they made many efforts to strengthen their puppet government and establish various troop stations on one hand while speeding up the measuring and mapping work for deep involvement into communes and hamlets. However, they met many difficulties, confronting resistance by the Bai Say Revolt.
In 1890, the French set up the Bai Say area consisting of Yen My, Yen Hao, Van Lam and Cam Luong districts for the purpose of easier suppression of revolts. After the failure of the Bai Say rebellion, they merged Van Lam, Yen My and Yen Hao districts into Hung Yen province and returned Cam Luong district (now Cẩm Giàng) to Hải Dương Province
Hai Duong Province
Hải Dương is a province in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. Its name derives from Sino-Vietnamese , meaning "ocean", though in fact, the province is landlocked.-Geography of Hai Duong:...
.
Also in 1890, the French split Than Khe district from Tien Hung phu of Hung Yen province and Thai Binh phu and Kien Xuong phu from Nam Dinh province and set up a new province called Thái Bình
Thai Binh
Thái Bình is a city in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. It is the capital of Thai Binh province. It is located 110 km from Hanoi. The city area is 67.7 square km, with a population of 210,000 people . Before the prime minister declared it a city in June of 2004, it was officially a town....
. Afterwards, they went on to cut Hung Nhan and Duyen Ha districts and transferred Tien Lu district (formerly belonging to Tien Hung area) to merge into Khoai Chau phu. Ever since, the Luoc River has served as the natural border between Hung Yen and Thai Binh. This period lasted from French colonization to the August Revolution
August Revolution
On August 19, 1945, the Việt Minh under Hồ Chí Minh began the August General Uprising Tổng Khởi Nghĩa, which was soon renamed the August Revolution . Whether or not this series of events should be called a "revolution" is disputable; what is clear is that, from August 19 onwards, demonstrations and...
in 1945.
Modern Vietnam
When the anti-French resistance war was won and peace was restored in the north, district-level administrative units remained unchanged, except the changes in the administrative names of some wards and communes.On January 26, 1968, the Standing Committee of the National Assembly approved a resolution on the unification of Hải Dương
Hai Duong
Hải Dương is a city in Vietnam. It is the capital of Hai Duong province. Its name is Sino-Vietnamese for "ocean" .- Geography :Hai Duong city is bordered to the northeast by the Nam Sách District and Thanh Hà District...
and Hung Yen into Hai Hung Province
Hai Hung Province
Hải Hưng is a former province in the Red River Delta of Vietnam. It was established on January 26, 1968.On November 6, 1996, Hai Hung was split into two provinces: Hai Duong and Hung Yen....
. After that, Van Giang and Yen My districts were unified into Van Yen district; Tien Lu and Phu Cu districts were unified into Phu Tien district; Van Lam and My Hao districts were unified into Van My; Kim Dong and An Thi districts were unified into Kim Thi district. Van Yen and Van My districts were unified into My Van; Khoai Chau district and a part of Van Giang district were unified into Chau Giang district.
On November 6, 1996, the National Assembly approved the division of Hai Hung into Hai Duong and Hung Yen. After that, the unified districts were split as the former administrative units.
Hung Yen now has ten district and town-level administrative units: Hung Yen city, districts of Van Lam, Van Giang, My Hao, Yen My, Khoai Chau, An Thi, Kim Dong, Tien Lu and Phu Cu with 161 communes, districts and towns.
Location
Hung Yen is a province located in the Red River DeltaRed River Delta
The Red River Delta is the flat plain formed by the Red River and its distributaries joining in the Thai Binh River in northern Vietnam. The delta measuring some 15,000 square km is well protected by a network of dikes. It is an agriculturally rich area and densely populated...
, in the Northern Focal Economic Zone and the Hanoi-Hai Phong–Quảng Ninh Economic Triangle.
The eastern gateway to Hanoi, Hung Yen has 23 km of the 5A National Highway and over 20 km of the Hanoi-Haiphong railway route. In addition, the national highways 39A and 38, which are prolonged from the National Highway 5, passing by Hung Yen city, running to the National Highway 1A through Yen Lenh Bridge and to the National Highway 10 through Trieu Duong Bridge. This is an important transportation axis linking southwestern provinces in the Northern Delta (Ha Nam
Ha Nam Province
Hà Nam is a province of northern Vietnam, in the Red River Delta.-History:The Hà Nam Province, and Vietnam as a whole, implemented the second five-year plan between 1975 and 1980. This plan included protecting the country's national border and gradually overcoming difficulties within the country...
, Ninh Bình
Ninh Bình Province
-Festivals:* Thai Vi festival * Truong Yen Festival* Yen Cu Festival* Non Khe Festival-Transportation:...
, Nam Định and Thanh Hóa) with Hải Dương
Hai Duong Province
Hải Dương is a province in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. Its name derives from Sino-Vietnamese , meaning "ocean", though in fact, the province is landlocked.-Geography of Hai Duong:...
, Haiphong and Quảng Ninh
Quang Ninh Province
Quảng Ninh is a large province located along the northeastern coast of Vietnam. The province is home to Ha Long Bay, a World Heritage Site. The provincial capital is Ha Long. Nearly 80 per cent of the province is mountainous with abundant land, forest water and mineral resources. Nearly 90 per...
provinces.
Hung Yen is close to Hai Phong and Cai Lan seaports and Noi Bai International Airport
Noi Bai International Airport
Noi Bai International Airport in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is the largest in the north of the country. It is 28 miles from the city centre. The travel time from the city centre is 30–45 minutes.-Facilities:...
. It has borders with Hanoi and the provinces of Bắc Ninh, Ha Tay
Ha Tay Province
Hà Tây is a former province of Vietnam, in the Red River Delta, now part of Hanoi. On May 29, 2008, it was decided that Ha Tay would merge with Hanoi province on August 1, 2008.- Geography :...
, Ha Nam
Ha Nam Province
Hà Nam is a province of northern Vietnam, in the Red River Delta.-History:The Hà Nam Province, and Vietnam as a whole, implemented the second five-year plan between 1975 and 1980. This plan included protecting the country's national border and gradually overcoming difficulties within the country...
, Thai Binh and Hai Duong.
Climate
Like other provinces in the Red River Delta, Hung Yen is also affected by the hot and damp tropical monsoonMonsoon
Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea...
climate. Every year, there are two separate hot and cold seasons in the province. The sun shines on average 1,519 hours per year and the average number of sunny days is per month is 24. The average temperature is 23.2 °C in the summer and 16 °C in the winter.
The average rainfall is between 1,450 and 1,650 mm and the rainfall from May to October accounts up to 70% of the year's total. The average humidity in the air is 86%; the highest level of humidity is 92% while the lowest level is 79%.
Natural resources
Hung Yen has the features of a delta province: flat topography without hills and mountains. There are 61,037 hectares of agricultural land, of which 55,645ha (accounting 91% of the total) are for yearly cultivation; and the remaining for cultivation of perennial plants, fish farming, specialized cultivation and other purposes. The area of unused natural land is about 7,471 hectares, which are all available for agricultural production and development.Hung Yen has a plentiful fresh water source because it is surrounded by the Hong River and Luoc River. Its underground water source is also bountiful with a huge reserve. In the area along the 5A National Highway, from Như Quỳnh to Quan Goi, there lie mammoth underground water mines with a reserve of millions of cubic metres, which not only can supply water for industrial development and urban daily consumption but also can supply a big water volume for neighboring localities.
Hung Yen's brown coal source, which is a part of the brown basin in the Red River Delta and has a 30-billion-tonne reserve, has not been exploited yet. However, this is a big potential to develop the mining industry, meeting the energy demand in the domestic market and export.