Histone 3' UTR stem-loop
Encyclopedia
The Histone 3' UTR stem-loop is an RNA element
involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport of the histone mRNAs, and in the regulation of stability and of translation efficiency in the cytoplasm
. The mRNAs of metazoan histone
genes lack polyadenylation
and a poly-A tail, instead 3' end processing occurs at a site between this highly conserved stem-loop and a purine
rich region around 20 nucleotide
s downstream (the histone downstream element, or HDE). The stem-loop
is bound by a 31 kDa stem-loop binding protein (SLBP - also termed the histone hairpin binding protein, or HBP). Together with U7 snRNA
binding of the HDE, SLBP binding nucleates the formation of the processing complex.
Cis-regulatory element
A cis-regulatory element or cis-element is a region of DNA or RNA that regulates the expression of genes located on that same molecule of DNA . This term is constructed from the Latin word cis, which means "on the same side as". These cis-regulatory elements are often binding sites for one or...
involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport of the histone mRNAs, and in the regulation of stability and of translation efficiency in the cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is a small gel-like substance residing between the cell membrane holding all the cell's internal sub-structures , except for the nucleus. All the contents of the cells of prokaryote organisms are contained within the cytoplasm...
. The mRNAs of metazoan histone
Histone
In biology, histones are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes. They are the chief protein components of chromatin, acting as spools around which DNA winds, and play a role in gene regulation...
genes lack polyadenylation
Polyadenylation
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly tail to an RNA molecule. The poly tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is part of the process that produces mature messenger RNA for translation...
and a poly-A tail, instead 3' end processing occurs at a site between this highly conserved stem-loop and a purine
Purine
A purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. Purines, including substituted purines and their tautomers, are the most widely distributed kind of nitrogen-containing heterocycle in nature....
rich region around 20 nucleotide
Nucleotide
Nucleotides are molecules that, when joined together, make up the structural units of RNA and DNA. In addition, nucleotides participate in cellular signaling , and are incorporated into important cofactors of enzymatic reactions...
s downstream (the histone downstream element, or HDE). The stem-loop
Stem-loop
Stem-loop intramolecular base pairing is a pattern that can occur in single-stranded DNA or, more commonly, in RNA. The structure is also known as a hairpin or hairpin loop. It occurs when two regions of the same strand, usually complementary in nucleotide sequence when read in opposite directions,...
is bound by a 31 kDa stem-loop binding protein (SLBP - also termed the histone hairpin binding protein, or HBP). Together with U7 snRNA
U7 small nuclear RNA
The U7 small nuclear RNA is an RNA molecule involved in the splicing of metazoan histone pre-mRNAs, which are spliced by a different mechanism than nuclear pre-mRNAs and self-splicing introns. The 5' end of U7 RNA is thought to base-pair to a conserved spacer element downstream of the cleavage...
binding of the HDE, SLBP binding nucleates the formation of the processing complex.