Heroini
Encyclopedia
Heroini is a fish tribe
from the Cichlasomatinae
subfamily in the cichlid
family. It includes more than 150 species. All cichlids from islands in the Caribbean
, USA (southern Texas
), Mexico
and Central America
are members of this tribe, but it also includes species from South America
where other tribes exist. A large percentage of its species were formerly placed in the genus Cichlasoma
(itself now placed in the tribe Cichlasomatini), but have since been moved to other genera.
Tribe (biology)
In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank between family and genus. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes.Some examples include the tribes: Canini, Acalypheae, Hominini, Bombini, and Antidesmeae.-See also:* Biological classification* Rank...
from the Cichlasomatinae
Cichlasomatinae
Cichlasomatinae is a subfamily of cichlid fishes. It includes all ciclids native to islands in the Caribbean , USA , Mexico and Central America, and many of the cichlids from South America...
subfamily in the cichlid
Cichlid
Cichlids are fishes from the family Cichlidae in the order Perciformes. Cichlids are members of a group known as the Labroidei along with the wrasses , damselfish , and surfperches . This family is both large and diverse. At least 1,300 species have been scientifically described, making it one of...
family. It includes more than 150 species. All cichlids from islands in the Caribbean
Caribbean
The Caribbean is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north...
, USA (southern Texas
Texas
Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...
), Mexico
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
and Central America
Central America
Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. It is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast. When considered part of the unified continental model, it is considered a subcontinent...
are members of this tribe, but it also includes species from South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
where other tribes exist. A large percentage of its species were formerly placed in the genus Cichlasoma
Cichlasoma
Cichlasoma is a genus of fish in the cichlid family.The genus was previously very large, including cichlids from Texas, North America, through all of Central America to parts of South America....
(itself now placed in the tribe Cichlasomatini), but have since been moved to other genera.
Genera
- AmatitlaniaAmatitlaniaAmatitlania is a small genus of cichlid fishes from Central America. The genus currently contains four species. The genus is closely related to Archocentrus and Cryptoheros, and contains the convict cichlids that were previously placed in those genera. The genus was erected by Juan Schmitter-Soto...
- AmphilophusAmphilophusAmphilophus is a genus of cichlid fishes from Central America. The genus currently contains 23 species. However, a 2008 study led by Oldrich Rican suggested that several species within Amphilophus should be moved to the genus Astatheros. Species proposed to be moved to Astatheros are A. alfari,...
- ArchocentrusArchocentrusArchocentrus is a small genus of cichlid fishes from Central America. The genus currently contains 3 species. It formerly included 7 of the species now included in the genus Cryptoheros, as well as the convict cichlid, now included in the genus Amatitlania. The Rainbow Cichlid, Archocentrus...
- AustraloherosAustraloherosAustraloheros is a fish genus in the cichlid family. Most are restricted to rivers and streams in southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and northeastern Argentina, but at least one species is also found in lakes and swamps. This genus was erected after a taxonomic revision in 2006. These are...
- CaquetaiaCaquetaiaCaquetaia is a small genus of cichlid fishes from Central and South America. The genus currently contains four species.-Species:*Caquetaia kraussii Steindachner, 1878 *Caquetaia myersi Schultz, 1944...
- CryptoherosCryptoherosCryptoheros is a small genus of cichlid fishes from Central America and southeast Mexico. The genus currently contains 9 species. It includes species formerly included within the genus Archocentrus. The convict cichlid has sometimes been placed within the genus Cryptoheros as well, but is now...
- HerichthysHerichthysHerichthys is a small genus of cichlid fishes. Most are endemic to Mexico, but H. cyanoguttatus is also found in southern Texas , and has been introduced to central Texas and Florida...
- Heroina
- HerosHeros genusHeros is a genus which includes several fish species in the Cichlidae family. They are native to rivers in the Amazon and Orinoco basins in South America...
- HoplarchusHoplarchus psittacusHoplarchus psittacus is a species of cichlid fish endemic to the blackwater rivers in Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela, including the Rio Negro, Jamari, Preto da Eva, Urubu rivers and upper Orinoco drainages. The species is the only member of the genus Hoplarchus...
, Parrot cichlid - HypselecaraHypselecaraHypselecara is a small genus of cichlid fish with only two species. They are native to the Amazon and Orinoco basins in South America. H. temporalis is a relatively common aquarium fish known in the aquarium trade as the chocolate cichild....
- HypsophrysHypsophrysHypsophrys is a small genus of cichlid fishes from Central America. The genus currently contains 2 species. It originally contained just H. nicaraguensis but was revised in 2007 to include the poor man's tropheus, or neet, H...
- MesonautaMesonautaMesonauta is a small genus of six species of fish, endemic to soft, acidic freshwater habitats in South America. Mesonauta is part of the family Cichlidae and is included in subfamily Cichlasomatinae...
- NandopsisNandopsisNandopsis is a small genus of cichlid fishes found in lakes, streams and rivers in Cuba and Hispaniola. If disregarding Trinidad and Tobago , Nandopsis are the only cichlids native to the Antilles.-Species:The genus currently contains three species, although some...
- ParachromisParachromisParachromis is a genus of freshwater fishes from the family Cichlidae. The genus contains 5 species and is limited in its distribution to Central America. Some species occur in Lake Nicaragua and Lake Managua. All species are predatory and relatively large for cichlids.Parachromis friedrichsthalii...
- ParaneetroplusParaneetroplusParaneetroplus is a small genus of cichlids with only three species. They are endemic to rivers on the Atlantic slope in Mexico....
- PeteniaPeteniaPetenia is a monotypic cichlid genus. The single species, Petenia splendida, is a large predatory fish that occurs in Mexico, Guatemala and Belize.FishBase name: Bay snookMax. size: 50.0 cm TL Petenia is a monotypic cichlid genus. The single species, Petenia splendida, is a large (50 cm)...
- PterophyllumPterophyllumPterophyllum is a small genus of freshwater fish from the family Cichlidae known to most aquarists as "Angelfish". All Pterophyllum species originate from the Amazon River, Orinoco River and Essequibo River basins in tropical South America...
, Angelfish - RocioRocioRocio is a small genus of cichlid fishes from Mexico and northern Central America. The genus currently contains 3 species. It was established in 2007 as the genus for the Jack Dempsey and its close relatives.-Species:...
- SymphysodonDiscus (fish)Discus are a genus of three species of cichlid freshwater fishes native to the Amazon River basin. Discus are popular as aquarium fish and their aquaculture in several countries in Asia is a major industry.-Taxonomy:...
, Discus - TherapsTherapsTheraps is a small fish genus from the cichlidae family. They are endemic to Central America, ranging from Mexico to Panama. Several Theraps sp. have been found across the southern United States as invasive species....
- ThorichthysThorichthysThorichthys is a genus of cichlids from Central America. They have somewhat pointy heads and stripes down their body, and tend to inhabit slow-moving or standing water. The best-known species is Thorichthys meeki, the firemouth cichlid. Members of Thorichthys rarely exceed , making them popular...
- TomocichlaTomocichlaTomocichla is a genus of freshwater fishes in the cichlid family that is restricted to Central America. The genus Tomocichla contains two species, both of which live is fastmoving waters. The species within Tomocichla were formerly placed within the genus Theraps.* Tomocichla sieboldii Siebold's...
- UaruUaruUaru is a small genus of cichlid fishes with only two species. The name Uaru comes from the Amazon word for toad. The genus occurs in blackwater and whitewater habitats in the upper Orinoco and Rio Negro rivers of the Amazon basin. U. amphiacanthoides is frequently available as a food fish in...
- ViejaViejaVieja is a genus of fish from the family Cichlidae. The geographic distribution of the genus is limited to Central America, primarily Mexico, Guatemala and Nicaragua. In general Vieja are high bodied cichlids which grow to between 15-35 cm . There are 16 species of Vieja currently described...
External links
- Cichlasomatinae: Heroini - nrm.seSwedish Museum of Natural HistoryThe Swedish Museum of Natural History , in Stockholm, is one of two major museums of natural history in Sweden, the other one being located in Gothenburg....
- Cichlidae: Cichlasomatinae: Heroini – Heroine cichlids - helsinki.fi
- Current research: Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Heroini (Perciformes; Cichlidae) and their biogeography dynamics in the three Americas and the Caribbean - unl.edu
- Phylogenetic relationships of Middle American cichlids (Cichlidae, Heroini) based on combined evidence from nuclear genes, mtDNA, and morphology - sciencedirect.com
- Heroini - Comparative Toxicogenomics DatabaseComparative Toxicogenomics DatabaseThe Comparative Toxicogenomics Database is a public website and research tool that curates scientific data describing relationships between chemicals, genes, and human diseases....