Australoheros is a fish genus

Genus

In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...

 in the cichlid

Cichlid

Cichlids are fishes from the family Cichlidae in the order Perciformes. Cichlids are members of a group known as the Labroidei along with the wrasses , damselfish , and surfperches . This family is both large and diverse. At least 1,300 species have been scientifically described, making it one of...

 family. Most are restricted to rivers and streams in southeastern Brazil

Brazil

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...

, Paraguay

Paraguay

Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...

, Uruguay

Uruguay

Uruguay ,officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; ) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area...

 and northeastern Argentina

Argentina

Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...

, but at least one species is also found in lakes and swamps. This genus was erected after a taxonomic revision in 2006. These are relatively small cichlids that typically do not surpass 10–15 cm (3.9–5.9 in) in length, although A. facetus reaches about 20 centimetres (7.9 in).

Species

Four of these species were formerly included in Cichlasoma

Cichlasoma

Cichlasoma is a genus of fish in the cichlid family.The genus was previously very large, including cichlids from Texas, North America, through all of Central America to parts of South America....

, but the rest were all described in 2006 (when the genus Australoheros was coined) or later, and placed in the correct genus from the beginning. The following are currently placed in Australoheros:

• Australoheros acaroides (Hensel, 1870)
• Australoheros autrani Ottoni & Costa, 2008
• Australoheros barbosae Ottoni & Costa, 2008
• Australoheros capixaba Ottoni, 2010
• Australoheros charrua Rícan & Kullander, 2008
• Australoheros facetus (Jenyns, 1842) – Chameleon cichlid
• Australoheros forquilha Rícan & Kullander, 2008
• Australoheros guarani Rícan & Kullander, 2008
• Australoheros ipatinguensis Ottoni & Costa, 2008
• Australoheros kaaygua Casciotta, Almirón & Gómez, 2006
• Australoheros macacuensis Ottoni & Costa, 2008
• Australoheros macaensis Ottoni & Costa, 2008
• Australoheros minuano Rícan & Kullander, 2008
• Australoheros muriae Ottoni & Costa, 2008
• Australoheros paraibae Ottoni & Costa, 2008
• Australoheros ribeirae Ottoni, Oyakawa & Costa, 2008
• Australoheros robustus Ottoni & Costa, 2008
• Australoheros saquarema Ottoni & Costa, 2008
• Australoheros scitulus (Rícan & Kullander, 2003)
• Australoheros taura Ottoni & Cheffe, 2009
• Australoheros tembe (Casciotta, Gómez & Toresanni, 1995)