Hazaraspid
Encyclopedia
The Hazaraspids was a local Kurdish
dynasty that ruled Zagros mountains region of southwestern Persia, essentially in Lorestān
and the adjacent parts of Fārs which flourished in the later Saljuq, Ilkhanid, Muzaffarids
, and Timurid
periods. The founder of dynasty Abu Tahir bin Muhammad was initially a commander of the Salghurid Atabaks of Fars and was appointed as the governor of Kuhgiluya, but eventually gained independence in Luristan and extended his realm as far as Isfahan and assumed the prestigious title of Atabak. His son, Malek Hazarasp fought a successful campaign against Salghurids and assisted Jalal-al-din Khwarezmshah in his struggle against the Mongols
. Another Hazaraspid ruler Takla, accompanied Hulagu on his march to Baghdad
, but deserted because of the murder of the last caliph. He was eventually caught and executed on Hulagu's order.
Yusuf Shah I received Ilkhan Abaqa's confirmation of his rule and added Khuzestan
, Kuhgiluya, Firuzan (near Isfahan) and Golpayegan to his domain. Afrasiab I attempted to extend his control to the coast of Persian Gulf
but faced stiff opposition from the Mongols who defeated his army at Kuhrud near Kashan
. He was reinstated by Ilkhan Gaykhatu
but was executed by Gazan
in October 1296.
The capital of Hazaraspids was located at Idaj
located in present-day northern Khuzestan. Yusuf Shah II annexed the cities of Shushtar
, Hoveizeh
and Basra
in the first half of fourteenth century. During the reign of Shams-al-din Pashang, the dynasty faced attacks from Muzaffarids
and the capital Idaj temporarily fell into their hands, until the occupiers had to retreat due to their own internecine fighting.
In 1424, the Timurid
King Shahrokh
deposed the last Hazaraspid ruler Ghias-al-din thereby ended the dynasty.
Kurdish people
The Kurdish people, or Kurds , are an Iranian people native to the Middle East, mostly inhabiting a region known as Kurdistan, which includes adjacent parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey...
dynasty that ruled Zagros mountains region of southwestern Persia, essentially in Lorestān
Lorestan Province
Lorestan Province is a historic territory and province of western Iran, amidst the Zagros Mountains. The population of Lorestan was estimated at 1,716,527 people in 2006.Lorestan covers an area of 28,392 km²...
and the adjacent parts of Fārs which flourished in the later Saljuq, Ilkhanid, Muzaffarids
Muzaffarids
The Mozaffarids were a family that came to power in Iran following the breakup of the Ilkhanate in the 14th century.-Rise to Power:The Mozaffaris were a family that settled in Khorasan from the beginning of Caliphal rule there. They stayed in Khorasan up until the Mongol invasion of that province,...
, and Timurid
Timurid Dynasty
The Timurids , self-designated Gurkānī , were a Persianate, Central Asian Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turko-Mongol descent whose empire included the whole of Iran, modern Afghanistan, and modern Uzbekistan, as well as large parts of contemporary Pakistan, North India, Mesopotamia, Anatolia and the...
periods. The founder of dynasty Abu Tahir bin Muhammad was initially a commander of the Salghurid Atabaks of Fars and was appointed as the governor of Kuhgiluya, but eventually gained independence in Luristan and extended his realm as far as Isfahan and assumed the prestigious title of Atabak. His son, Malek Hazarasp fought a successful campaign against Salghurids and assisted Jalal-al-din Khwarezmshah in his struggle against the Mongols
Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire , initially named as Greater Mongol State was a great empire during the 13th and 14th centuries...
. Another Hazaraspid ruler Takla, accompanied Hulagu on his march to Baghdad
Baghdad
Baghdad is the capital of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Governorate. The population of Baghdad in 2011 is approximately 7,216,040...
, but deserted because of the murder of the last caliph. He was eventually caught and executed on Hulagu's order.
Yusuf Shah I received Ilkhan Abaqa's confirmation of his rule and added Khuzestan
Khuzestan Province
Khuzestan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the southwest of the country, bordering Iraq's Basra Province and the Persian Gulf. Its capital is Ahwaz and covers an area of 63,238 km²...
, Kuhgiluya, Firuzan (near Isfahan) and Golpayegan to his domain. Afrasiab I attempted to extend his control to the coast of Persian Gulf
Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf, in Southwest Asia, is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.The Persian Gulf was the focus of the 1980–1988 Iran-Iraq War, in which each side attacked the other's oil tankers...
but faced stiff opposition from the Mongols who defeated his army at Kuhrud near Kashan
Kashan
Kashan is a city in and the capital of Kashan County, in the province of Isfahan, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 248,789, in 67,464 families....
. He was reinstated by Ilkhan Gaykhatu
Gaykhatu
Gaykhatu was the fifth Ilkhanate ruler in Iran. He reigned from 1291 to 1295. During his reign, Gaykhatu was a noted dissolute who was addicted to wine, women, and sodomy...
but was executed by Gazan
Mahmud Ghazan
Mahmud Ghazan was the seventh ruler of the Mongol Empire's Ilkhanate division in modern-day Iran from 1295 to 1304. He was the son of Arghun and Quthluq Khatun, continuing a line of rulers who were direct descendants of Genghis Khan...
in October 1296.
The capital of Hazaraspids was located at Idaj
Izeh
Izeh is a city in and the capital of Izeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 103,695, in 20,127 families....
located in present-day northern Khuzestan. Yusuf Shah II annexed the cities of Shushtar
Shushtar
-External links:** Hamid-Reza Hosseini, Shush at the foot of Louvre , in Persian, Jadid Online, 10 March 2009, .Audio slideshow: .* .* * , PressTV, 13 June 2010....
, Hoveizeh
Hoveizeh
Hoveyzeh is a city in and the capital of Hoveyzeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 14,422, in 2,749 families....
and Basra
Basra
Basra is the capital of Basra Governorate, in southern Iraq near Kuwait and Iran. It had an estimated population of two million as of 2009...
in the first half of fourteenth century. During the reign of Shams-al-din Pashang, the dynasty faced attacks from Muzaffarids
Muzaffarids
The Mozaffarids were a family that came to power in Iran following the breakup of the Ilkhanate in the 14th century.-Rise to Power:The Mozaffaris were a family that settled in Khorasan from the beginning of Caliphal rule there. They stayed in Khorasan up until the Mongol invasion of that province,...
and the capital Idaj temporarily fell into their hands, until the occupiers had to retreat due to their own internecine fighting.
In 1424, the Timurid
Timurid Dynasty
The Timurids , self-designated Gurkānī , were a Persianate, Central Asian Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turko-Mongol descent whose empire included the whole of Iran, modern Afghanistan, and modern Uzbekistan, as well as large parts of contemporary Pakistan, North India, Mesopotamia, Anatolia and the...
King Shahrokh
Shah Rukh (Timurid dynasty)
Shāhrukh Mīrzā was the ruler of the eastern portion of the empire established by the Central Asian warlord Timur - the founder of the Timurid dynasty - governing most of Persia and Transoxiana between 1405 and 1447...
deposed the last Hazaraspid ruler Ghias-al-din thereby ended the dynasty.
Rulers
- Abu Tahir bin Muhammad (r. 1148-1203)
- Malek Hazarasp (r. 1204-1248 )
- Emad-al-din (r. 1248-1251)
- Nosrat-al-din (r. 1252-1257)
- Takla (r. 1258- )
- Shams-al-din Alp Arghun
- Yusuf Shah I (r. 1274-1288)
- Afrasiab I (r. 1288-1296)
- Nosrat-al-din Ahmad (r.1296- 1330)
- Rokn-al-din Yusuf Shah II (r.1330-1340)
- Mozaffar-al-din Afrasiab II (r.1340-1355)
- Shams-al-din Pashang (r.1355-1378)
- Malek Pir Ahmad (r.1378-1408)
- Abu Saeed (r. 1408- 1417)
- Shah Hussein (r.1417-1424)
- Ghias-al-din (r.1424)