Haliotid herpesvirus 1
Encyclopedia
Haliotid herpesvirus 1 common name abalone herpesvirus, is a virus
in the family family
Malacoherpesviridae
.
following mortalities in Haliotis diversicolor
. Using transmission electron microscopy
, herpes-like particles were observed in ganglia of affected abalone and purified virions from moribund
abalone nervous tissues
were identified as resembling those of herpesviruses.
A diagnostic PCR test has been developed to detect the abalone virus in 2010. The test has detected viral DNA sequences in diseased abalone from separate geographical locations in Australia and in DNA isolated from a herpes-like virus found some time ago in Taiwan. Savin et al. (2010) have purified abalone virus particles and isolated and sequenced genomic DNA of the Haliotid herpesvirus 1.
approximately 100 nm in diameter, surrounded by a 150 nm diameter spiked viral envelope
.
s known as abalone
s: Haliotis species such as Haliotis diversicolor
.
Virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Viruses infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea...
in the family family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
Malacoherpesviridae
Malacoherpesviridae
The Malacoherpesviridae are a family of DNA viruses that cause diseases in molluscs.The family name Malacoherpesviridae is derived from Greek word 'μαλακός meaning 'soft' and from Greek word 'μαλάκιον meaning 'mollusc....
.
Discovery
In 2005 there was an outbreak of acute ganglioneuritis in an Australian population of the edible gastropod mollusc, abalone or Haliotis spp. Potential herpesvirus particles had also been identified previously in TaiwanTaiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
following mortalities in Haliotis diversicolor
Haliotis diversicolor
Haliotis diversicolor is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Haliotidae, the abalones.- Subspecies :* Haliotis diversicolor diversicolor Reeve, 1846* Haliotis diversicolor squamata Reeve, 1846...
. Using transmission electron microscopy
Transmission electron microscopy
Transmission electron microscopy is a microscopy technique whereby a beam of electrons is transmitted through an ultra thin specimen, interacting with the specimen as it passes through...
, herpes-like particles were observed in ganglia of affected abalone and purified virions from moribund
Moribund
Moribund refers to a literal or figurative state of near-death.Moribund may also refer to:* "Le Moribond", a song by Jacques Brel which became better known for its rewritten English-language version, "Seasons in the Sun"...
abalone nervous tissues
Nervous system of gastropods
The nervous system of gastropods consists of a series of paired ganglia connected by major nerve cords, and a number of smaller branching peripheral nerves.The brain of a gastropod consists of three pairs of ganglia, all located close to the oesophagus...
were identified as resembling those of herpesviruses.
A diagnostic PCR test has been developed to detect the abalone virus in 2010. The test has detected viral DNA sequences in diseased abalone from separate geographical locations in Australia and in DNA isolated from a herpes-like virus found some time ago in Taiwan. Savin et al. (2010) have purified abalone virus particles and isolated and sequenced genomic DNA of the Haliotid herpesvirus 1.
Description
Haliotid herpesvirus 1 has an icosohedral capsidCapsid
A capsid is the protein shell of a virus. It consists of several oligomeric structural subunits made of protein called protomers. The observable 3-dimensional morphological subunits, which may or may not correspond to individual proteins, are called capsomeres. The capsid encloses the genetic...
approximately 100 nm in diameter, surrounded by a 150 nm diameter spiked viral envelope
Viral envelope
Many viruses have viral envelopes covering their protein capsids. The envelopes typically are derived from portions of the host cell membranes , but include some viral glycoproteins. Functionally, viral envelopes are used to help viruses enter host cells...
.
Taxonomy
Haliotid herpesvirus 1 is the only known species in the genus Haliotivirus.Host range
Haliotid herpesvirus 1 infects the large edible sea snailSea snail
Sea snail is a common name for those snails that normally live in saltwater, marine gastropod molluscs....
s known as abalone
Abalone
Abalone , from aulón, are small to very large-sized edible sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Haliotidae and the genus Haliotis...
s: Haliotis species such as Haliotis diversicolor
Haliotis diversicolor
Haliotis diversicolor is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Haliotidae, the abalones.- Subspecies :* Haliotis diversicolor diversicolor Reeve, 1846* Haliotis diversicolor squamata Reeve, 1846...
.