Grigori Engelhardt
Encyclopedia
Grigory Engelhardt (1759–1834) was a Russian general during the Napoleonic Wars
.
nobility. On May 6, 1776, he was enrolled in the Izmailovsky Life Guards Regiment as a noncommissioned officer. On December 3, 1779, he transferred to the Nevsky Musketeer Regiment as a lieutenant.
Engelhardt fought in the Russo-Swedish War of 1788–1790 as a captain in the Ryazan Musketeer Regiment. He was wounded in the chest and right thigh at Fredrikshamn, and for his distinguished service was promoted to major. He was made a colonel on October 26, 1798, and a major general on February 5, 1800. On March 15 of that same year he was given the command of the Staroingermanlandskogo Musketeer Regiment.
. In the 1808-1807 campaign in Prussia and Poland
, he was wounded by a bullet in his right leg at Eylau
, and at Friedland
was badly wounded by shrapnel in his left thigh, left side, and left arm. He was awarded the Order of St. George
, third and fourth class, for his distinguished service.
In 1808 he was transferred to the Moldavia
/Wallachia
region, where he fought the Turks in 1809 through 1811.
, he commanded the 2nd Brigade of the 8th Infantry Division and fought against the Austrians and Poles in Volhynia
and in the pursuit of the retreating enemy from Lutsk
to Volkovysk. He then fought the French at Gornostaevichami, Volkovysk, and Kamenetz-Zhuravskii.
In 1813
, he participated in the capture of Bialystok
and of Warsaw and fought at Lutzen
and Bautzen
, where a severe bullet wound in the left thigh caused heavy bleeding which forced him out of the action.
In 1815
, Engelhardt participated in the second campaign in France as commander of a brigade in the 8th Infantry Division, and then briefly commanded the 3rd Brigade of the 23rd Infantry Division. Due to his wounds, he retired from the service on February 28, 1816.
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars declared against Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionised European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly due to...
.
Early career
Engelhardt was born into the CourlandCourland
Courland is one of the historical and cultural regions of Latvia. The regions of Semigallia and Selonia are sometimes considered as part of Courland.- Geography and climate :...
nobility. On May 6, 1776, he was enrolled in the Izmailovsky Life Guards Regiment as a noncommissioned officer. On December 3, 1779, he transferred to the Nevsky Musketeer Regiment as a lieutenant.
Engelhardt fought in the Russo-Swedish War of 1788–1790 as a captain in the Ryazan Musketeer Regiment. He was wounded in the chest and right thigh at Fredrikshamn, and for his distinguished service was promoted to major. He was made a colonel on October 26, 1798, and a major general on February 5, 1800. On March 15 of that same year he was given the command of the Staroingermanlandskogo Musketeer Regiment.
Campaigns against the French and Turks
Engelhardt participatated in the Austrian campaign and was wounded by shrapnel at AusterlitzBattle of Austerlitz
The Battle of Austerlitz, also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of Napoleon's greatest victories, where the French Empire effectively crushed the Third Coalition...
. In the 1808-1807 campaign in Prussia and Poland
War of the Fourth Coalition
The Fourth Coalition against Napoleon's French Empire was defeated in a war spanning 1806–1807. Coalition partners included Prussia, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and the United Kingdom....
, he was wounded by a bullet in his right leg at Eylau
Battle of Eylau
The Battle of Eylau or Battle of Preussisch-Eylau, 7 and 8 February 1807, was a bloody and inconclusive battle between Napoléon's Grande Armée and a Russian Empire army under Levin August, Count von Bennigsen near the town of Preußisch Eylau in East Prussia. Late in the battle, the Russians...
, and at Friedland
Battle of Friedland
The Battle of Friedland saw Napoleon I's French army decisively defeat Count von Bennigsen's Russian army about twenty-seven miles southeast of Königsberg...
was badly wounded by shrapnel in his left thigh, left side, and left arm. He was awarded the Order of St. George
Order of St. George
The Military Order of the Holy Great-Martyr and the Triumphant George The Military Order of the Holy Great-Martyr and the Triumphant George The Military Order of the Holy Great-Martyr and the Triumphant George (also known as Order of St. George the Triumphant, Russian: Военный орден Св...
, third and fourth class, for his distinguished service.
In 1808 he was transferred to the Moldavia
Moldavia
Moldavia is a geographic and historical region and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester river...
/Wallachia
Wallachia
Wallachia or Walachia is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians...
region, where he fought the Turks in 1809 through 1811.
1812 and after
In the 1812 campaignFrench invasion of Russia
The French invasion of Russia of 1812 was a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars. It reduced the French and allied invasion forces to a tiny fraction of their initial strength and triggered a major shift in European politics as it dramatically weakened French hegemony in Europe...
, he commanded the 2nd Brigade of the 8th Infantry Division and fought against the Austrians and Poles in Volhynia
Volhynia
Volhynia, Volynia, or Volyn is a historic region in western Ukraine located between the rivers Prypiat and Southern Bug River, to the north of Galicia and Podolia; the region is named for the former city of Volyn or Velyn, said to have been located on the Southern Bug River, whose name may come...
and in the pursuit of the retreating enemy from Lutsk
Lutsk
Lutsk is a city located by the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Volyn Oblast and the administrative center of the surrounding Lutskyi Raion within the oblast...
to Volkovysk. He then fought the French at Gornostaevichami, Volkovysk, and Kamenetz-Zhuravskii.
In 1813
War of the Sixth Coalition
In the War of the Sixth Coalition , a coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Sweden, Spain and a number of German States finally defeated France and drove Napoleon Bonaparte into exile on Elba. After Napoleon's disastrous invasion of Russia, the continental powers...
, he participated in the capture of Bialystok
Bialystok
Białystok is the largest city in northeastern Poland and the capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Located on the Podlaskie Plain on the banks of the Biała River, Białystok ranks second in terms of population density, eleventh in population, and thirteenth in area, of the cities of Poland...
and of Warsaw and fought at Lutzen
Battle of Lützen
Two major battles were fought at Lützen:*Battle of Lützen *Battle of Lützen...
and Bautzen
Battle of Bautzen
In the Battle of Bautzen a combined Russian/Prussian army was pushed back by Napoleon, but escaped destruction, some sources claim, because Michel Ney failed to block their retreat...
, where a severe bullet wound in the left thigh caused heavy bleeding which forced him out of the action.
In 1815
Hundred Days
The Hundred Days, sometimes known as the Hundred Days of Napoleon or Napoleon's Hundred Days for specificity, marked the period between Emperor Napoleon I of France's return from exile on Elba to Paris on 20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815...
, Engelhardt participated in the second campaign in France as commander of a brigade in the 8th Infantry Division, and then briefly commanded the 3rd Brigade of the 23rd Infantry Division. Due to his wounds, he retired from the service on February 28, 1816.
Honours and awards
- Order of St. AnneOrder of St. AnnaThe Order of St. Anna ) is a Holstein and then Russian Imperial order of chivalry established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp on 14 February 1735, in honour of his wife Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great of Russia...
, 1st class with diamonds - Order of St. GeorgeOrder of St. GeorgeThe Military Order of the Holy Great-Martyr and the Triumphant George The Military Order of the Holy Great-Martyr and the Triumphant George The Military Order of the Holy Great-Martyr and the Triumphant George (also known as Order of St. George the Triumphant, Russian: Военный орден Св...
, 3rd class - Order of St. VladimirOrder of St. VladimirThe Cross of Saint Vladimir was an Imperial Russian Order established in 1782 by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptizer of the Kievan Rus....
, 2nd class - Cross of Eylau
- Order of the Red EagleOrder of the Red EagleThe Order of the Red Eagle was an order of chivalry of the Kingdom of Prussia. It was awarded to both military personnel and civilians, to recognize valor in combat, excellence in military leadership, long and faithful service to the kingdom, or other achievements...
(Prussia) - Gold Sword for BraveryGold Sword for BraveryThe Gold Sword for Bravery was a Russian Empire award for bravery. It was set up with two grades on 27 July 1720 by Peter the Great, reclassified as a public order in 1807 and abolished in 1917. From 1913 to 1917 it was renamed the St George Sword and considered as one of the grades of the Order...
with diamonds