Gregory Stock
Encyclopedia
Gregory Stock is a biophysicist
Biophysics
Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that uses the methods of physical science to study biological systems. Studies included under the branches of biophysics span all levels of biological organization, from the molecular scale to whole organisms and ecosystems...

, best-selling author
Author
An author is broadly defined as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created. Narrowly defined, an author is the originator of any written work.-Legal significance:...

, biotech entrepreneur
Entrepreneur
An entrepreneur is an owner or manager of a business enterprise who makes money through risk and initiative.The term was originally a loanword from French and was first defined by the Irish-French economist Richard Cantillon. Entrepreneur in English is a term applied to a person who is willing to...

, and the former director of the Program on Medicine, Technology and Society at UCLA’s School of Medicine. His interests lie in the scientific and evolutionary as well as ethical, social and political implications of today's revolutions in the life sciences and in information technology and computers.

Education

He received an MBA from Harvard Business School
Harvard Business School
Harvard Business School is the graduate business school of Harvard University in Boston, Massachusetts, United States and is widely recognized as one of the top business schools in the world. The school offers the world's largest full-time MBA program, doctoral programs, and many executive...

 in 1987, where he was a Baker Scholar and won the Freund-Porter Entrepreneurship award. Stock completed a doctorate
Doctorate
A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder to teach in a specific field, A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder...

 in biophysics from Johns Hopkins University
Johns Hopkins University
The Johns Hopkins University, commonly referred to as Johns Hopkins, JHU, or simply Hopkins, is a private research university based in Baltimore, Maryland, United States...

 in 1977, where he received a BS and MS in 1971.

Biotechnology and its impact on society

He has written extensively on the implications for society, medicine and business of the human genome project
Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project is an international scientific research project with a primary goal of determining the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up DNA, and of identifying and mapping the approximately 20,000–25,000 genes of the human genome from both a physical and functional...

 and associated developments in molecular genetics
Molecular genetics
Molecular genetics is the field of biology and genetics that studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level. The field studies how the genes are transferred from generation to generation. Molecular genetics employs the methods of genetics and molecular biology...

 and bioinformatics
Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is the application of computer science and information technology to the field of biology and medicine. Bioinformatics deals with algorithms, databases and information systems, web technologies, artificial intelligence and soft computing, information and computation theory, software...

. The Storefront Genome, the symposium he convened in January 2003 to consider the broad challenges that cheap, easy access to our genetic constitutions will bring drew wide media attention, and his 1998 look at the possibilities of manipulating the genetics of human embryos, the first major public discussion of this issue among distinguished scientists, opened a global debate on this then taboo topic.

Biotech entrepreneur

Stock is the CEO of Signum Biosciences. Signum Biosciences is a private biotechnology company dedicated to developing small-molecule therapeutics derived from its Signal Transduction Modulation (STM) platform to modulate signal transduction imbalances. Through research on protein networks that control biological systems, Signum is developing therapeutic candidates for Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease also known in medical literature as Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia. There is no cure for the disease, which worsens as it progresses, and eventually leads to death...

, Parkinson's, diabetes, asthma
Asthma
Asthma is the common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath...

 and certain skin conditions. Signum’s STM technology provides many opportunities for the development of novel consumer products and pharmaceutical candidates. Signum was founded on the science derived from basic research studying cellular signaling at the Princeton University
Princeton University
Princeton University is a private research university located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. The school is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League, and is one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution....

 laboratory of Dr. Jeffry Stock

He sits on the editorial board of the American Journal of Bioethics
American Journal of Bioethics
The American Journal of Bioethics , founded in 1999 by bioethicist Dr. Glenn McGee, is a peer reviewed journal published by Taylor and Francis. The journal publishes 12 issues each year, and is available both in print and on the internet, at , the most-visited bioethics website...

and is in the department of Pediatrics at the UCLA School of Medicine. He is a member of the Board of Directors of Napo Pharmaceuticals, a pharmaceutical company headquartered in San Francisco. He sits on the California Advisory Committee on Stem Cells and Reproductive Cloning and serves as the associate director for the Bioagenda Institute and the Center for Life Science Studies at the University of California at Berkeley.

Dr. Stock has been an invited speaker to many academic, government and business conferences. He makes regular appearances on television and radio, and has appeared on CNN
CNN
Cable News Network is a U.S. cable news channel founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. Upon its launch, CNN was the first channel to provide 24-hour television news coverage, and the first all-news television channel in the United States...

, PBS
Public Broadcasting Service
The Public Broadcasting Service is an American non-profit public broadcasting television network with 354 member TV stations in the United States which hold collective ownership. Its headquarters is in Arlington, Virginia....

, NPR
NPR
NPR, formerly National Public Radio, is a privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization that serves as a national syndicator to a network of 900 public radio stations in the United States. NPR was created in 1970, following congressional passage of the Public Broadcasting...

 and the BBC
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. Its headquarters is at Broadcasting House in the City of Westminster, London. It is the largest broadcaster in the world, with about 23,000 staff...

 in shows including Talk of the Nation
Talk of the Nation
Talk of the Nation is a talk radio program based in the United States, produced by National Public Radio, and is broadcast nationally from 2 to 4 p.m. Eastern Time. Its focus is current events and controversial issues....

, Charlie Rose
Charlie Rose
Charles Peete "Charlie" Rose, Jr. is an American television talk show host and journalist. Since 1991 he has hosted Charlie Rose, an interview show distributed nationally by PBS since 1993...

, Oprah Winfrey
Oprah Winfrey
Oprah Winfrey is an American media proprietor, talk show host, actress, producer and philanthropist. Winfrey is best known for her self-titled, multi-award-winning talk show, which has become the highest-rated program of its kind in history and was nationally syndicated from 1986 to 2011...

, Biotech Nation and Larry King
Larry King
Lawrence Harvey "Larry" King is an American television and radio host whose work has been recognized with awards including two Peabodys and ten Cable ACE Awards....

.

Public policy and activities

Stock was an early force in considering the implications of human germline engineering and human enhancement. Through the Program on Medicine, Technology and Society, which he founded at the UCLA School of Medicine, he organized an influential 1998 conference at UCLA: "Engineering the Human Germline," which included a panel of James Watson
James D. Watson
James Dewey Watson is an American molecular biologist, geneticist, and zoologist, best known as one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953 with Francis Crick...

, French Anderson, Lee Hood and other major figures in the life sciences. The event, which attracted considerable media attention and opened up broad debate on what was then a largely taboo topic, was covered on the front page of the New York Times. Through another seminal UCLA conference, Milestones on Aging, he organized, Stock helped legitimize research to significantly extend human longevity. The
event led to a follow conference he co-hosted at UC Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley , is a teaching and research university established in 1868 and located in Berkeley, California, USA...

 with Bruce Ames and Aubrey de Grey, who went on to found the Methuselah Foundation
Methuselah Foundation
The Methuselah Foundation studies methods of extending lifespan. It is a non-profit 501 volunteer organization, co-founded by Aubrey de Grey and David Gobel, which is based in Springfield, Virginia, United States...

, an organization that has aggressively promoted research on life extension. The activity of the MTS Program was also critical in establishing UCLA’s Center on Society and Genetics, which actively explores broad policy issues in the genomics arena.

Stock is now primarily engaged in the development of new therapeutics at Signum Biosciences, a biotech company he co-founded in 2003, but he remains active in the policy arena through UCLA's MTS Program, which he still directs, and the BioAgenda Institute, which he is the associate director of, and through various public appearances and debates. Stock has presented diverse keynotes ranging from “The Coming Era of Personalized Medicine” at Medco
Medco Health Solutions
Medco Health Solutions, Inc is a health care company currently serving the needs of more than 65 million people. Medco provides pharmacy services for private and public employers, health plans, labor unions, government agencies, and individuals served by Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Plans...

, “Trends in Health, Science and Nutrition” at the American Dietetic Association
American Dietetic Association
The American Dietetic Association is the United States' largest organization of food and nutrition professionals, with nearly 72,000 members. The American Dietetic Association is officially changing its name to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. The announcement was made Saturday, September...

, "The Future of Genomics and Healthcare" at Johnson and Johnson, "The Coming Healthcare Revolution" at HIMS (Healthcare Information Management Society) and "The Evolution of the Biotech Revolution" at Applied Biosystems
Applied Biosystems
Applied Biosystems, Inc. started as GeneCo , was the name of a pioneer biotechnology company founded in 1981 in Foster City, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area...

 to "21st Century Opportunities and Challenges" at the World Future Society
World Future Society
The World Future Society is a nonprofit educational and scientific organization in Bethesda, Maryland, US, founded in 1966.The Society investigates how social, economic and technological developments are shaping the future...

, "Beauty, Health and Biotech: A Look Ahead" at Fashion Group International, "Redesigning Humans: Best Hope, Worst Fear" at the TED (Technology, Education and Design) Conference, and "From Pharmacogenomics to Genetic Design" at the World Transhumanist Society. He has also been involved with broadcast media through guest appearances on shows such as the PBS
Public Broadcasting Service
The Public Broadcasting Service is an American non-profit public broadcasting television network with 354 member TV stations in the United States which hold collective ownership. Its headquarters is in Arlington, Virginia....

 documentary "Religion and Ethics: The Challenge and Ethics of Strong Biotechnology," debates on NPR's Talk of the Nation and Charlie Rose, via an online multimedia documentary he produced with funding from the Greenwall and Sloan Foundations entitled "Human Germline Engineering: Implications for Science and Society"(www.germline.ucla.edu), and in an ARTE documentary examining key figures in Biotechnology. (he also has a nephew named Jake Posl)

Stock's expertise in biotechnology, genetics and public policy in the life sciences led to his appointment on the California Advisory Committee on Stem Cells and Reproductive Cloning, Dept. of Health Services, State of California.

Debates

Stock has always been a strong advocate for the aggressive implementation of new technology in the life sciences and he has publicly debated many leading figures in the bioethics community, including Francis Fukuyama
Francis Fukuyama
Yoshihiro Francis Fukuyama is an American political scientist, political economist, and author. He is a Senior Fellow at the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law at Stanford. Before that he served as a professor and director of the International Development program at the School of...

, Jeremy Rifkin
Jeremy Rifkin
Jeremy Rifkin is an American economist, writer, public speaker, political advisor and activist. He is the founder and president of the Foundation On Economic Trends...

, Leon Kass
Leon Kass
Leon Richard Kass is an American physician, scientist, educator, and public intellectual, best known as proponent of liberal education via the "Great Books," as an opponent of human cloning and euthanasia, as a critic of certain areas of technological progress and embryo research, and for his...

, George Annas
George Annas
George J. Annas is the William Fairfield Warren Distinguished Professor and Chair of the Department of Health Law, Bioethics & Human Rights at the Boston University School of Public Health, School of Medicine, and School of Law. He holds a bachelor's degree in economics from Harvard College, a J.D....

, Dan Callahan, Bill McKibben
Bill McKibben
William Ernest "Bill" McKibben is an American environmentalist, author, and journalist who has written extensively on the impact of global warming. He is the Schumann Distinguished Scholar at Middlebury College...

, Michael Sandel
Michael Sandel
Michael J. Sandel is an American political philosopher and a professor at Harvard University. He is best known for the Harvard course 'Justice' which is available to , and for his critique of Rawls' A Theory of Justice in his Liberalism and the Limits of Justice...

, William Hurlbut
William B. Hurlbut
William B. Hurlbut is a physician and Consulting Professor in the Neuroscience Institute at Stanford, Stanford University Medical Center. Born in St. Helena, California, he grew up in Bronxville, New York...

 and Nigel Cameron. In these appearances, he has consistently argued against restrictions on life science research including funding bans on stem cell research, moratoriums on cloning, overly protective pharmaceutical regulatory controls, and efforts to constrain anti-aging research. A fellow of the World Technology Council and World Academy of Art and Science
World Academy of Art and Science
The World Academy of Art and Science is an international non-governmental scientific organization, an informal and non-official world network of individual fellows elected for distinguished accomplishments in the fields of natural and social sciences, arts and the humanities...

, Stock's argues in favor of the positive benefits of new technology has on human life and the role it will play on our future.

Books

Dr. Stock has written works on the impact and significance of recent advances in technology and the life sciences, and several bestsellers on values and ethics. His Book of Questions series, which consists of four eclectic collections of provocative situational dilemmas, was designed to generate discussion and thought about value-laden issues. The series has sold more than three million copies in total, been translated into 17 languages, and spawned a host of imitations. The original Book of Questions was number 1 on the New York Times Bestseller's list for 8 weeks.

His books on technology, public policy and future human evolution are:
  • Metaman
    Metaman
    Metaman: The Merging of Humans and Machines into a Global Superorganism is a 1993 book by author Gregory Stock. The title refers to the concept of a superorganism comprising humanity and its technology....

    :The Merging of Humans and Machines into a Global Superorganism.
    (1993).
  • Engineering the Human Germline: An Exploration of the Science and Ethics of Altering the Genes We Pass to Our Children (2000, Oxford University Press) (Co-editor with John Campbell).
  • Redesigning Humans: Our Inevitable Genetic Future (2002)


Redesigning humans won the Kistler Award Kistler Prize
Kistler Prize
The Kistler Prize is awarded annually to recognize original contributions "to the understanding of the connection between human heredity and human society," and includes a cash award of US $100,000 and a 200-gram gold medallion....

 for science writing. Stock has also written numerous articles and papers on these topics.
  • The Book of Questions (1987) ISBN 978-0-89480-320-8 http://research.arc2.ucla.edu/pmts/books.htm
  • Business, Politics, and Ethics: The Book of Questions (1991, Workman. NY.)
  • Love and Sex: The Book of Questions. (1989, Workman. NY.)
  • The Kids' Book of Questions. (1988, Workman. NY.)


Stock currently serves on the editorial Board of Rejuvination Science, the International Journal of Bioethics, the Journal of Evolution and Technology
Journal of Evolution and Technology
The Journal of Evolution and Technology is the peer-reviewed, electronic, academic journal of the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, which publishes contemporary foresight into long-term developments in science, technology and philosophy....

, and the American Journal of Bioethics
American Journal of Bioethics
The American Journal of Bioethics , founded in 1999 by bioethicist Dr. Glenn McGee, is a peer reviewed journal published by Taylor and Francis. The journal publishes 12 issues each year, and is available both in print and on the internet, at , the most-visited bioethics website...

.

Boards


Selected public appearances



Civil Liberties Research Center Keynote: Genomics and our Rights (Alberta);

Joint Investment Conference: Genomics and the Human Future (Marrakech); PBS: Religion and Ethics -

The Challenge of Strong Biotechnology;

World Future Society Keynote: New Approaches to Healthcare;

Contract Magazine: Design and Life - A dialogue with architect Lauren Rottet;

BioAgenda East Great Debate with Nigel Cameron: Should Human Germline Engineering be Banned?;

Therapeutic Insights: Exploring the Disconnect between Unmet Needs and Pharma Investment: Keck Graduate Institute: The Rights of Redesigned Humans;

Fashion Group International: Beauty, Health & Biotech - A look Ahead; Women’s Technology Council, The Ethics of Human Enhancement;

Wheaton College: Genomics, Science Fiction and Ethics Collide;

The Ethics of Life Extension: A debate with Daniel Callahan, Canada;

American Dietetic Assoc Keynote: Trends in Health and Nutrition;

Medco Keynote: The Era of Personalized Medicine[19];

Applied Biosystems: The Evolution of the Biotech Revolution[;

Auburn: Genomic Medicine & Ethical Constraints;

Forest Technology: Regenerative Medicine -A Look Ahead;

BioAgenda Institute: Chimeras and Synthetic Life;

Ernst and Young: From AI to Global Brain—the Merging of Human and Machine;

Foundation for the Future: Challenges of the Next Millennium;

NPR: Genetics and the Future of Medicine; World Transhumanist Society Keynote: From Pharmacogenomics to Genetic Design (Caracas);

Festival dei due Mondi: Biotechnology and the Human Future (Spoleto);

Price Waterhouse Cooper Showcase: A New Path Towards Therapeutic and Pharmaceutical Development;

FTI Annual Convention: Biotechnology and the Human Future;

BioAgenda Institute: Coming Biotech Challenges;

Center for Public Policy: Germline Research Policy Options;

Princeton Univ: Stem Cell Research and the Human Future;

Economist Conference Keynote: The Future of Pharmaceuticals (Athens);

Royal Society: A Look at Our Reproductive Future (London);

TEDMED: Afflicted by the FDA—The Future & Pharma Regulation;

NPR: Human Error and Technology; Harvard Medical School: Genetics and Society – Coming Challenges;

Harvard Business School: The Economic Impacts of Biotech;

GlaxoSmithKline Keynote: Risk Assessment and Genomics;

UC Irvine Schneiderman Lecture: From Regenerative Medicine to Genetic Design;

NPR Point-Counterpoint on Human Enhancement with Michael Sandel;

University of Texas LBJ Lecture: Genetics, Biomedicine and Healthcare;

Can You Really Extend Your Life?

Selected articles

  • Full List Available on Ucla Website
  • Germinal Choice Technology and the Future of Human Reproduction - BioMedicine Online (March 2005)
  • ‘Redesigning Humans’: Taking Charge of Our Own Heredity, review - The Lancet
    The Lancet
    The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal. It is one of the world's best known, oldest, and most respected general medical journals...

     (April 2002)
  • ‘Redesigning Humans’: Taking Charge of Our Own Heredity review - New York Times (August 25, 2002)
  • EMBO Reports - EMBO
    Embo
    For the scientific organisation, see European Molecular Biology Organization.Embo is a village in the Highland Council Area in Scotland and the former/postal county of Sutherland, about 2 miles NNE of Dornoch....

     (2002)
  • Talking Stock - Spiked
    Spiked (magazine)
    Spiked is a British Internet magazine focusing on politics, culture and society from a humanist and libertarian viewpoint.- Editors and contributors :...

     (June 25, 2002)
  • Profile - Wall Street Journal (June 13, 2002)
  • GENETIC ENGINEERING:Toward a New Human Species?, review - Science
    Science (magazine)
    Science was a general science magazine published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science . It was intended to "bridge the distance between science and citizen", aimed at a technically literate audience who may not work professionally in the sciences...

     (June 2002)
  • Our shiny happy clone future - Salon.com
    Salon.com
    Salon.com, part of Salon Media Group , often just called Salon, is an online liberal magazine, with content updated each weekday. Salon was founded by David Talbot and launched on November 20, 1995. It was the internet's first online-only commercial publication. The magazine focuses on U.S...

     (April 2002)
  • Bio-Luddites square up to friends of Frankenstein - The Times Higher Education Supplement
    The Times Higher Education Supplement
    The Times Higher Education , formerly Times Higher Education Supplement , is a weekly British magazine based in London reporting specifically on news and other issues related to higher education...

     (May 17, 2002)
  • Homo perfectus - Los Angeles Times
    Los Angeles Times
    The Los Angeles Times is a daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California, since 1881. It was the second-largest metropolitan newspaper in circulation in the United States in 2008 and the fourth most widely distributed newspaper in the country....

     Review of Books (Sunday, May 5, 2002)
  • Visions of the future - Chicago Tribune
    Chicago Tribune
    The Chicago Tribune is a major daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, and the flagship publication of the Tribune Company. Formerly self-styled as the "World's Greatest Newspaper" , it remains the most read daily newspaper of the Chicago metropolitan area and the Great Lakes region and is...

     (May 2002)
  • The Remastered Race - Wired
    Wired (magazine)
    Wired is a full-color monthly American magazine and on-line periodical, published since January 1993, that reports on how new and developing technology affects culture, the economy, and politics...

     (April 2002)
  • Cloning Research Commentary - Los Angeles Times
    Los Angeles Times
    The Los Angeles Times is a daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California, since 1881. It was the second-largest metropolitan newspaper in circulation in the United States in 2008 and the fourth most widely distributed newspaper in the country....

     (December 2, 2001)
  • Human Germline Engineering:Best Hope or Worst Fear? Germline
    Germline
    In biology and genetics, the germline of a mature or developing individual is the line of germ cells that have genetic material that may be passed to a child.For example, gametes such as the sperm or the egg, are part of the germline...


External links

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