Great Britain at the 1994 Winter Paralympics
Encyclopedia
Great Britain
competed at the 1994 Winter Paralympics
held in Lillehammer
, Norway. Twenty-three athletes, all of whom were men, competed for Britain. The team won five medals at the Games, all bronze, and finished 21st in the medal table
. Richard Burt won two medals in alpine skiing, as he had done in the 1992 Games
. In addition to the medal performances the team had seven top ten finishes.
, the condition may be congenital or sustained through injury or illness; cerebral palsy
; wheelchair
athletes, there is often overlap between this and other categories; visual impairment
, including blindness
; Les autres, any physical disability that does not fall strictly under one of the other categories, for example dwarfism
or multiple sclerosis
. Each Paralympic sport then has its own classifications, dependant upon the specific physical demands of competition. Events are given a code, made of numbers and letters, describing the type of event and classification of the athletes competing. Events with "B" in the code are for athletes with visual impairment, codes LW1 to LW9 are for athletes who stand to compete and LW10 to LW12 are for athletes who compete sitting down. In biathlon events
, which contain a target shooting component, blind and visually impaired athletes are able to compete through the use of acoustic signals, whose signal intensity varies dependant upon whether or not the athlete is on target.
. Six of the athletes had previous Games experience. A total of four bronze medals were won by British skiers. Richard Burt
medalled in both the giant slalom
and super-G
B3 classification, as he had done in 1992. Matthew Stockford
, who won three bronze medals at the previous Games, took home a bronze in the super-G LXW and James Barker won bronze in the downhill
LWXI.
. All of Britain's biathletes raced in the 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) B1 classification, for those with no functional vision and in the shooting component were assisted by acoustic signals to indicate when they were on target. None of the athletes won a medal, the highest placed finisher being Peter Young who came eleventh. Young and James Denton also competed in cross-country skiing events at the Games.
in the 10 km event.
Denton's best finish was fourteenth in the 10 km event.
Factor percentage
To ensure a fair event when athletes with differing disabilities compete, times achieved are sometimes modified by a factor percentage, to produce a result known as "Finish Time". It is this time that decides the result of the races. Real times recorded are also listed.
2–0, drew 0–0 with both Canada and Norway and lost 7–0 to Sweden to finish fourth in the group. Facing Canada again for the bronze medal, Britain were defeated 2–0.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
competed at the 1994 Winter Paralympics
1994 Winter Paralympics
The 1994 Winter Paralympics, the sixth Winter Paralympics, were held in Lillehammer, Norway, from 10–19 March 1994. These Games marked the first time the Paralympic Winter Games were held in the same location as the Winter Olympics, a tradition that has continued through an agreement of cooperation...
held in Lillehammer
Lillehammer
is a town and municipality in Oppland county, Norway, globally known for hosting the 1994 Winter Olympics. It is part of the traditional region of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Lillehammer. As of May 2011, the population of the town of Lillehammer was...
, Norway. Twenty-three athletes, all of whom were men, competed for Britain. The team won five medals at the Games, all bronze, and finished 21st in the medal table
1994 Winter Paralympics medal table
The 1994 Winter Paralympics medal table is a list of National Paralympic Committees ranked by the number of gold medals won by their athletes during the 1994 Winter Paralympics, held in Lillehammer, Norway, from March 10 to March 19, 1994.-Medal table:...
. Richard Burt won two medals in alpine skiing, as he had done in the 1992 Games
1992 Winter Paralympics
The 1992 Winter Paralympics were the fifth Winter Paralympics. They were the first winter Paralympics to be celebrated concurrently with the Olympic Games. They were held in Tignes and Albertville, France, from March 25 to April 1, 1992...
. In addition to the medal performances the team had seven top ten finishes.
Medallists
The following British athletes won medals at the Games. In total five medals were won, all bronze, and the team finished 21st in the medal table. The four medals won in alpine skiing are to date the last won in the sport by Britain at the Paralympics. In the 'by discipline' sections below, medallists' names are in bold.| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine skiing Alpine skiing at the 1994 Winter Paralympics Alpine skiing at the 1994 Winter Paralympics, in Lillehammer , consisted of 66 events, 46 for men and 20 for women.-Medal table:- Medal summary :The competition events were:*Downhill: men - women*Super-G: men - women... |
Men's downhill LWXI | ||
| Alpine skiing Alpine skiing at the 1994 Winter Paralympics Alpine skiing at the 1994 Winter Paralympics, in Lillehammer , consisted of 66 events, 46 for men and 20 for women.-Medal table:- Medal summary :The competition events were:*Downhill: men - women*Super-G: men - women... |
Men's giant slalom B3 | ||
| Alpine skiing Alpine skiing at the 1994 Winter Paralympics Alpine skiing at the 1994 Winter Paralympics, in Lillehammer , consisted of 66 events, 46 for men and 20 for women.-Medal table:- Medal summary :The competition events were:*Downhill: men - women*Super-G: men - women... |
Men's super-G B3 | ||
| Alpine skiing Alpine skiing at the 1994 Winter Paralympics Alpine skiing at the 1994 Winter Paralympics, in Lillehammer , consisted of 66 events, 46 for men and 20 for women.-Medal table:- Medal summary :The competition events were:*Downhill: men - women*Super-G: men - women... |
Men's super-G LWX | ||
| Cross-country skiing Cross-country skiing at the 1994 Winter Paralympics Cross-country skiing at the 1994 Winter Paralympics consisted of 48 events, 29 for men and 19 for women.-Medal table:- Medal summary :The competition events were:*2.5 km: - women*5 km: men - women*10 km: men - women*15 km: men*20 km: men... |
Men's 5 km classical technique B1 |
Disability classification
Every participant at the Paralympics has their disability grouped into one of five disability categories; amputationAmputation
Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma, prolonged constriction, or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventative surgery for...
, the condition may be congenital or sustained through injury or illness; cerebral palsy
Cerebral palsy
Cerebral palsy is an umbrella term encompassing a group of non-progressive, non-contagious motor conditions that cause physical disability in human development, chiefly in the various areas of body movement....
; wheelchair
Wheelchair
A wheelchair is a chair with wheels, designed to be a replacement for walking. The device comes in variations where it is propelled by motors or by the seated occupant turning the rear wheels by hand. Often there are handles behind the seat for someone else to do the pushing...
athletes, there is often overlap between this and other categories; visual impairment
Visual impairment
Visual impairment is vision loss to such a degree as to qualify as an additional support need through a significant limitation of visual capability resulting from either disease, trauma, or congenital or degenerative conditions that cannot be corrected by conventional means, such as refractive...
, including blindness
Blindness
Blindness is the condition of lacking visual perception due to physiological or neurological factors.Various scales have been developed to describe the extent of vision loss and define blindness...
; Les autres, any physical disability that does not fall strictly under one of the other categories, for example dwarfism
Dwarfism
Dwarfism is short stature resulting from a medical condition. It is sometimes defined as an adult height of less than 4 feet 10 inches , although this definition is problematic because short stature in itself is not a disorder....
or multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which the fatty myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord are damaged, leading to demyelination and scarring as well as a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms...
. Each Paralympic sport then has its own classifications, dependant upon the specific physical demands of competition. Events are given a code, made of numbers and letters, describing the type of event and classification of the athletes competing. Events with "B" in the code are for athletes with visual impairment, codes LW1 to LW9 are for athletes who stand to compete and LW10 to LW12 are for athletes who compete sitting down. In biathlon events
Biathlon at the Winter Paralympics
Biathlon has been contested at the Winter Paralympic Games since the Winter Games in 1988, in Innsbruck, Austria.- Events :- Medal table : NPCs in italics no longer compete at the Winter ParalympicsAs of 2010 Winter Paralympics...
, which contain a target shooting component, blind and visually impaired athletes are able to compete through the use of acoustic signals, whose signal intensity varies dependant upon whether or not the athlete is on target.
Alpine skiing
Eight British athletes competed in alpine skiing events, a decrease from the eleven who had competed in the 1992 Games1992 Winter Paralympics
The 1992 Winter Paralympics were the fifth Winter Paralympics. They were the first winter Paralympics to be celebrated concurrently with the Olympic Games. They were held in Tignes and Albertville, France, from March 25 to April 1, 1992...
. Six of the athletes had previous Games experience. A total of four bronze medals were won by British skiers. Richard Burt
Richard Burt (skier)
Richard Burt is a British former Paralympic skier who won medals at the 1992 Winter Paralympics and 1994 Winter Paralympics.-Paralympics:...
medalled in both the giant slalom
Giant Slalom skiing
Giant slalom is an alpine skiing discipline. It involves skiing between sets of poles spaced at a greater distance to each other than in slalom but less than in super G....
and super-G
Super Giant Slalom skiing
The Super Giant Slalom is an Alpine skiing discipline. It is usually referred to as Super G and is a "speed" event, along with the faster Downhill event; the Giant Slalom and Slalom events are known as the "technical" disciplines.-History:...
B3 classification, as he had done in 1992. Matthew Stockford
Matthew Stockford
Matthew Stockford is a British former Paralympic skier who won medals at the 1992 Winter Paralympics and 1994 Winter Paralympics. Stockford broke his back in a skiing accident in 1985...
, who won three bronze medals at the previous Games, took home a bronze in the super-G LXW and James Barker won bronze in the downhill
Downhill
Downhill is an alpine skiing discipline. The rules for the Downhill were originally developed by Sir Arnold Lunn for the 1921 British National Ski Championships....
LWXI.
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|
| James Barker | Downhill LWXI | 1:39.12 |  |
| Giant slalom LWXI | Did not finish | ||
| Slalom LWXI | 2:24.38 | 5 | |
| Super-G LWXI | Did not finish | ||
| Richard Burt Richard Burt (skier) Richard Burt is a British former Paralympic skier who won medals at the 1992 Winter Paralympics and 1994 Winter Paralympics.-Paralympics:... |
Downhill B3 | Disqualified | |
| Giant slalom B3 | 2:46.79 | |
|
| Slalom B3 | Did not finish | ||
| Super-G B3 | 1:35.19 | |
|
| Michael Hammond | Downhill LW2 | 1:31.27 | 15 |
| Giant slalom LW2 | Disqualified | ||
| Slalom LW2 | Disqualified | ||
| Super-G LW2 | 1:35.84 | 24 | |
| Brian Harding | Downhill LWX | Did not finish | |
| Giant slalom LWX | Did not finish | ||
| Slalom LWX | Did not start | ||
| Super-G LWX | Did not finish | ||
| Jonathan Morris | Downhill LW2 | Did not finish | |
| Giant slalom LW2 | 3:08.72 | 18 | |
| Slalom LW2 | 1:52.02 | 10 | |
| Super-G LW2 | 1:37.32 | 25 | |
| Graham Nugent | Giant slalom LW1/3 | Disqualified | |
| Slalom LW1/3 | Did not finish | ||
| Super-G LW1/3 | 2:14.38 | 7 | |
| Matthew Stockford Matthew Stockford Matthew Stockford is a British former Paralympic skier who won medals at the 1992 Winter Paralympics and 1994 Winter Paralympics. Stockford broke his back in a skiing accident in 1985... |
Downhill LWX | Did not finish | |
| Giant slalom LWX | Did not finish | ||
| Slalom LWX | Did not start | ||
| Super-G LWX | 1:48.18 | |
|
| Edward Suckling | Giant slalom LW1/3 | 4:38.24 | 5 |
| Slalom LW1/3 | Did not finish | ||
| Super-G LW1/3 | 3:07.19 | 8 | |
Biathlon
Three British men competed in biathlon events, all of them had also represented the nation in the 1992 Winter Paralympics1992 Winter Paralympics
The 1992 Winter Paralympics were the fifth Winter Paralympics. They were the first winter Paralympics to be celebrated concurrently with the Olympic Games. They were held in Tignes and Albertville, France, from March 25 to April 1, 1992...
. All of Britain's biathletes raced in the 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) B1 classification, for those with no functional vision and in the shooting component were assisted by acoustic signals to indicate when they were on target. None of the athletes won a medal, the highest placed finisher being Peter Young who came eleventh. Young and James Denton also competed in cross-country skiing events at the Games.
| Athlete | Event | Real time | Missed shots | Factor (%) | Finish time | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Michael Brace | 7.5 km B1 | 50:47.2 | 1 | 80 | 40:43.8 | 13 |
| James Denton | 48:16.2 | 6 | 80 | 39:12.10 | 12 | |
| Peter Young | 41:34.9 | 9 | 80 | 34:09.9 | 13 |
Cross-country skiing
Britain sent two biathletes to the Games, both of whom had also competed in the 1992 Games. James Denton and Peter Young both competed in the 5 kilometres (3.1 mi), 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) and 20 kilometres (12.4 mi) races in the B1 classification. Young won the bronze medal in the 5 km event. This was his second Paralympic bronze medal, he won his first in the 1984 Games1984 Winter Paralympics
The 1984 Winter Paralympic Games, were the third Winter Paralympics. They were held from 14 to 20 January 1984 in Innsbruck, Austria. They were the first Winter Games organized by the International Co-ordinating Committee , which was formed on March 15, 1982 in Leysin, Switzerland. These Games were...
in the 10 km event.
Denton's best finish was fourteenth in the 10 km event.
| Athlete | Event | Real time | Factor (%) | Finish time | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| James Denton | 5 km B1 | 21:24.9 | 85 | 18:12.1 | 16 |
| 10 km B1 | 44:24.0 | 80 | 35:31.2 | 14 | |
| 20 km B1 | 1:23:58.6 | 85 | 1:11:22.8 | 15 | |
| Peter Young | 5 km B1 | 16:23.2 | 85 | 13:55.7 | |
| 10 km B1 | 34:38.5 | 80 | 27:42.8 | 11 | |
| 20 km B1 | 1:03:45.7 | 85 | 54:11.8 | 4 |
Factor percentage
To ensure a fair event when athletes with differing disabilities compete, times achieved are sometimes modified by a factor percentage, to produce a result known as "Finish Time". It is this time that decides the result of the races. Real times recorded are also listed.
Ice sledge hockey
Ice sledge hockey made its first appearance on the Paralympic schedule in Lillehammer. Great Britain sent a squad of 12 athletes to compete in the sport. Five teams competed in a group stage with the top two teams advancing to the gold medal match and third and fourth placed teams playing off for the bronze medal. The British team beat EstoniaEstonia at the 1994 Winter Paralympics
Estonia participated in The VI. Winter Paralympic Games in Lillehammer, Norway.Estonia entered 13 athletes in the following sports:*Biathlon and Cross-country skiing: 1 male and 1 female*Ice sledge hockey: 9 males*Ice sledge speed racing: 1 male and 1 female...
2–0, drew 0–0 with both Canada and Norway and lost 7–0 to Sweden to finish fourth in the group. Facing Canada again for the bronze medal, Britain were defeated 2–0.
| Squad list | Group | Bronze medal match | Rank | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Opposition Result |
Rank | |||
| Phil Brownstein Andy Flockton Dave Hall Phillip Hall Stuart Harley William Henderson Paul Ireson John Lambert William Levick Anthony Neale Philip Saunders Neil Wood |
D 0–0 |
4 | L 0–2 |
4 |
L 0–7 |
||||
D 0–0 |
||||
W 2–0 |
||||