Gothic Line order of battle
Encyclopedia
Gothic Line order of battle is a listing of the significant formations that were involved in Operation Olive, the Allied offensive on the Gothic Line
in northern Italy, August - September 1944, and in the subsequent fighting in the central Apennine mountains
and on the plains of eastern Emilia–Romagna up to April 1945.
Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Mediterranean:
Chief of Staff
Allied Armies in Italy
U.S. IV Corps
British XIII Corps
British 8th Army
Commander:
British V Corps
British X Corps
British XIII Corps
see listing above under U.S. 5th Army)
Canadian I Corps
German Army Group C
Commander:
Army Group Liguria
Gothic Line
The Gothic Line formed Field Marshal Albert Kesselring's last major line of defence in the final stages of World War II along the summits of the Apennines during the fighting retreat of German forces in Italy against the Allied Armies in Italy commanded by General Sir Harold Alexander.Adolf Hitler...
in northern Italy, August - September 1944, and in the subsequent fighting in the central Apennine mountains
Apennine mountains
The Apennines or Apennine Mountains or Greek oros but just as often used alone as a noun. The ancient Greeks and Romans typically but not always used "mountain" in the singular to mean one or a range; thus, "the Apennine mountain" refers to the entire chain and is translated "the Apennine...
and on the plains of eastern Emilia–Romagna up to April 1945.
Allied Forces Headquarters Mediterranean
Supreme Allied Commander Mediterranean:- General Sir Henry Maitland WilsonHenry Maitland Wilson, 1st Baron WilsonField Marshal Henry Maitland Wilson, 1st Baron Wilson, GCB, GBE, DSO , also known as "Jumbo" Wilson, saw active service in the Second Boer War and First World War, and became a senior British general in the Middle East and Mediterranean during the Second World War...
(until 12 December 1944) - Field Marshal Sir Harold AlexanderHarold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of TunisField Marshal Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis was a British military commander and field marshal of Anglo-Irish descent who served with distinction in both world wars and, afterwards, as Governor General of Canada, the 17th since Canadian...
(from 12 December 1944)
Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Mediterranean:
- Lieutenant General Jacob L. DeversJacob L. DeversGeneral Jacob "Jake" Loucks Devers , commander of the 6th Army Group in Europe during World War II. He was the first United States military officer to reach the Rhine after D-Day.-Biography:...
(until September 1944) - Lieutenant General Joseph T. McNarneyJoseph T. McNarneyJoseph Taggart McNarney was a United States Army Air Forces general officer who served as Military Governor of occupied Germany.-Early years:...
(from September 1944)
Chief of Staff
- Lieutenant-General Sir James GammellJames GammellLieutenant-General Sir James Andrew Harcourt Gammell KCB DSO MC was a British Army General during World War II.-Military career:After studying at Cambridge University, James Gammell was commissioned into the Scottish Horse Yeomanry in 1913...
(to 12 December 1944) - Lieutenant-General Sir John Harding (from 12 December 1944 to 6 March 1945)
- Lieutenant-General William MorganWilliam Duthie MorganGeneral Sir William Duthie Morgan GCB DSO MC was a British Army General during World War II.-Military career:Morgan was commissioned into the Royal Artillery in 1913. He served in World War I winning the DSO at the Battle of Le Cateau in 1914 and later the MC and was mentioned in despatches four...
(from 6 March 1945)
Allied Armies in ItalyAllied Armies in ItalyAllied Armies in Italy, commanded by Field Marshal Sir Harold Alexander, was the title of the highest Allied field headquarters in Italy, during the middle part of the Italian campaign...
(until 12 December 1944)
- Commander-in-ChiefCommander-in-ChiefA commander-in-chief is the commander of a nation's military forces or significant element of those forces. In the latter case, the force element may be defined as those forces within a particular region or those forces which are associated by function. As a practical term it refers to the military...
: General Sir Harold AlexanderHarold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of TunisField Marshal Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis was a British military commander and field marshal of Anglo-Irish descent who served with distinction in both world wars and, afterwards, as Governor General of Canada, the 17th since Canadian...
- Chief of Staff: Lieutenant-General Sir John HardingJohn Harding, 1st Baron Harding of PethertonField Marshal Allan Francis John Harding, 1st Baron Harding of Petherton, GCB, CBE, DSO, MC was a British Army officer and Governor of Cyprus from 1955 to 1957, Cyprus being a British colony at that time....
Allied 15th Army Group (from 12 December 1944)
- Commander: Lieutenant General Mark Wayne ClarkMark Wayne ClarkMark Wayne Clark was an American general during World War II and the Korean War and was the youngest lieutenant general in the U.S. Army...
(promoted to full general 10 March 1945)
- Chief of Staff: Major General Alfred M. GruentherAlfred GruentherAlfred Maximilian Gruenther was the youngest World War II Major General and after the war, as a four-star General, served as the Supreme Allied Commander in Europe from 1953 to 1956.-Biography:...
U.S. Fifth Army
Commander:- Lieutenant General Mark Wayne ClarkMark Wayne ClarkMark Wayne Clark was an American general during World War II and the Korean War and was the youngest lieutenant general in the U.S. Army...
(until 16 December 1944) - Lieutenant General Lucian K. TruscottLucian TruscottLucian King Truscott, Jr. was a U.S. Army General, who successively commanded the 3rd Infantry Division, VI Corps, U.S. Fifteenth Army and U.S. Fifth Army during World War II.-Early life:...
(from 16 December 1944)
U.S. II Corps
- Major General Geoffrey KeyesGeoffrey Keyes-External links:...
- U.S. 34th Infantry Division (Major General Charles BoltéCharles L. BolteGeneral Charles Lawrence Bolte was a U.S. Army general and World War I and World War II veteran.-Military career:...
) - U.S. 88th Infantry Division (Major General Paul W. Kendall)
- U.S. 91st Infantry Division (Major General William G. Livesay)
- U.S. 85th Infantry Division (Major General John B. CoulterJohn B. CoulterJohn Breitling Coulter was a Lieutenant General in the United States Army. Coulter served during World Wars I and II and the Korean War.-Early life:Coulter was born on April 27, 1891 in San Antonio, Texas...
) (until April 1945) - Italian Legnano Combat GroupItalian Co-Belligerent ArmyThe Italian Co-Belligerent Army , or the Army of the South , was the army of the Italian Royalist forces fighting on the side of the Allies during World War II....
(from 1945)
- U.S. 34th Infantry Division (Major General Charles Bolté
U.S. IV CorpsIV Corps (United States)The IV Corps replaced the VI Corps in the Fifth United States Army's order of battle in Italy after Allied forces liberated Rome in the summer of 1944 when VI Corps was withdrawn to take part in Operation Dragoon, the Allied invasion of southern France. Initially the Corps had two divisions, U.S...
- Major General Willis D. CrittenbergerWillis D. CrittenbergerWillis Dale Crittenberger was a United States Army officer whose career served as a World War II combat commander of IV Corps during the later part of Italian campaign from 1944 to the end of the war....
- U.S. 1st Armored Division1st Armored Division (United States)The 1st Armored Division—nicknamed "Old Ironsides"—is a standing armored division of the United States Army with base of operations in Fort Bliss, Texas. It was the first armored division of the U.S...
(Major General Vernon E. Prichard) - 6th South African Armoured Division (Major-General Evered PooleEvered PooleMajor General William Henry Evered Poole, CB, CBE, DSO, Commander of the US Legion of Merit, Commander of the French Légion d'honneur, Croix de Guerre avec Palme, Mentioned in Despatches, was a South African soldier before and during World War II and afterwards a diplomat.-Early life:In October...
) - U.S. 85th Infantry Division (Major-General John B. CoulterJohn B. CoulterJohn Breitling Coulter was a Lieutenant General in the United States Army. Coulter served during World Wars I and II and the Korean War.-Early life:Coulter was born on April 27, 1891 in San Antonio, Texas...
) (from April 1945) - 1st Brazilian DivisionBrazilian Expeditionary ForceThe Brazilian Expeditionary Force or BEF was a force about 25,700 men and women arranged by the Army and Air Force to fight alongside the Allied forces in the Mediterranean Theatre of World War II...
(General Mascarenhas de Morais) (from November 1944) - U.S. 10th Mountain Division (Major General George Price HaysGeorge Price HaysGeorge Price Hays was a United States Army general who served during World War I and World War II. He earned the Medal of Honor as a young artillery officer during the Second Battle of the Marne in World War I...
) (from February 1945) - U.S. 92nd Infantry Division (Major General Edward AlmondEdward AlmondEdward Mallory "Ned" Almond was a controversial United States Army general best known as the commander of the Army's X Corps during the Korean War.-Early Biography:...
) (from October 1944)
- U.S. 1st Armored Division
British XIII CorpsXIII Corps (United Kingdom)XIII Corps was a British infantry corps during World War I and World War II.-World War I:XIII Corps was formed in France on 15 November 1915 under Lieutenant-General Walter Congreve to be part of Fourth Army. It was first seriously engaged during the Battle of the Somme in 1916. On the First day on...
(transferred to British 8th Army in January 1945)
- Lieutenant-General Sidney KirkmanSidney KirkmanGeneral Sir Sidney Chevalier Kirkman GCB, KBE, MC was a general in the British Armed Forces from 1944 to 1950 and Director General of Civil Defence in the Civil Defence Department from 1954 to 1960.-Biography:...
(until 25 January 1945) - Lieutenant-General Sir John Harding (from 25 January 1945)
- 6th Army Group Royal Artillery
- British 4th Infantry Division4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)The 4th Infantry Division is a regular British Army division with a long history having been present at the Peninsular War the Crimean War , the First World War , and during the Second World War.- Napoleonic Wars :...
(Major-General Dudley WardAlfred Dudley WardGeneral Sir Alfred Dudley Ward, GCB, KBE, DSO , was a British Army officer during the Second World War and later Governor of Gibraltar. He served as an ordinary soldier for three years before being sent for officer training in 1926...
) (to September 1944)- 10th Infantry Brigade
- 12th Infantry Brigade
- 28th Infantry Brigade
- British 6th Armoured Division (Major-General Horatius MurrayHoratius MurrayGeneral Sir Horatius Murray GCB KBE DSO was a British Army General during World War II.-Military career:Horatius Murray was commissioned into the Cameronians in 1923....
) (from August 1944 to March 1945)- 26th Armoured Brigade
- 1st Infantry Brigade (Guards)
- 6th Infantry Brigade6th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)- World War I :The brigade was part of 2nd Division. It was composed as follows;*1st Battalion, The King's *2nd Battalion, The South Staffordshire Regiment*13th Battalion , The Essex Regiment...
- Indian 8th Infantry Division (Major-General Dudley RussellDudley RussellLieutenant-General Sir Dudley Russell KBE, CB, DSO, MC was an officer in the British and Indian Armies during World War I and World War II.-Early career:...
) (until March 1945)- 17th Indian Infantry Brigade17th Indian Infantry BrigadeThe 17th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II. It was formed in November 1940, at the Delhi Cantonment in India and assigned to the 8th Indian Infantry Division. They were sent to participate in the Anglo-Iraqi War and the Syria-Lebanon Campaign...
- 19th Indian Infantry Brigade19th Indian Infantry BrigadeThe 19th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II. It was formed in October, 1940 at Old Delhi in India and assigned to the 8th Indian Infantry Division. In August 1941, they took part in the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran...
- 21st Indian Infantry Brigade21st Indian Infantry BrigadeThe 21st Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II. It was converted from the Quetta Brigade in September 1940, and assigned to the 9th Indian Infantry Division. In March 1941, it was transferred to the 10th Indian Infantry Division and took part in...
- 17th Indian Infantry Brigade
- Indian 10th Infantry DivisionIndian 10th Infantry DivisionThe Indian 10th Infantry Division was a war formed Infantry division of the Indian Army during World War II. In four years, the division traveled over from Tehran to Trieste, fought three little wars, and fought two great campaigns: Anglo-Iraqi War, Invasion of Syria-Lebanon, Anglo-Soviet invasion...
(Major-General Denys ReidDenys Whitehorn ReidDenys Whitehorn Reid CB, CBE, DSO and Bar, MC and Bar was an officer in the British Army and the British Indian Army during World War I and World War II.-World War I and inter-war years:...
) (from February 1945)- 10th Indian Infantry Brigade10th Indian Infantry BrigadeThe 10th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II. It was formed in September 1939. In June 1940 it was assigned to the 5th Indian Infantry Division and in September 1940, sailed for East Africa...
- 20th Indian Infantry Brigade20th Indian Infantry BrigadeThe 20th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II. It was formed in September 1940, by the conversion of the Khojak Brigade and assigned to the 9th Indian Infantry Division...
- 25th Indian Infantry Brigade25th Indian Infantry BrigadeThe 25th Indian Infantry Brigade was an Infantry formation of the Indian Army during World War II. It was formed in February, 1941 at Ahmednagar in India and assigned to the 10th Indian Infantry Division....
- 10th Indian Infantry Brigade
- 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade (until February 1945)
- British 1st Infantry Division (Major-General Charles LoewenCharles LoewenGeneral Sir Charles Falkland Loewen GCB, KBE, DSO was a Canadian born and educated soldier who became Adjutant-General to the Forces in the United Kingdom.-Military career:...
) (until January 1945)- 2nd Infantry Brigade
- 3rd Infantry Brigade
- 66th Infantry Brigade
Independent units under Army HQ
- U.S. 92nd Infantry Division (Major-General Edward M. Almond) (from November 1944)
British 8th ArmyEighth Army (United Kingdom)The Eighth Army was one of the best-known formations of the British Army during World War II, fighting in the North African and Italian campaigns....
Commander:
- Lieutenant-General Sir Oliver LeeseOliver LeeseLieutenant-General Sir Oliver William Hargreaves Leese, 3rd Baronet, KCB, CBE, DSO was a British general during World War II.-Early years:...
(until 1 October 1944) - Lieutenant-General Sir Richard McCreeryRichard McCreeryGeneral Sir Richard Loudon McCreery GCB, KBE, DSO, MC , was a British career soldier, who was Chief of Staff to Field Marshal Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis, at the time of the Second Battle of El Alamein and later commanded the British Eighth Army in Northern Italy during...
(from 1 October 1944)
British V CorpsV Corps (United Kingdom)V Corps was an army corps of the British Army in both the First and Second World War. It was first organised in February 1915 and fought through World War I on the Western front...
- Lieutenant-General Charles KeightleyCharles KeightleyGeneral Sir Charles Frederic Keightley, GCB, GBE, DSO was a senior officer in the British Army during and following World War II.-Military career:...
- 1st Army Group Royal Artillery
- British 1st Armoured Division (Major-General Richard HullRichard Amyatt HullField Marshal Sir Richard Amyatt Hull, KG, GCB, DSO, DL was the last Chief of the Imperial General Staff and the first Chief of the General Staff , and as such the professional head of the British Army...
) (until 25 September 1944)- 2nd Armoured Brigade2nd Armoured Brigade2nd Armoured Brigade or 2nd Armored Brigade may refer to:*2nd Armoured Brigade *2nd Armoured Brigade *2nd Armoured Brigade *2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade...
- 18th Infantry Brigade
- 43rd Gurkha Lorried Infantry Brigade
- 2nd Armoured Brigade
- British 4th Infantry Division4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)The 4th Infantry Division is a regular British Army division with a long history having been present at the Peninsular War the Crimean War , the First World War , and during the Second World War.- Napoleonic Wars :...
(Major-General Dudley WardAlfred Dudley WardGeneral Sir Alfred Dudley Ward, GCB, KBE, DSO , was a British Army officer during the Second World War and later Governor of Gibraltar. He served as an ordinary soldier for three years before being sent for officer training in 1926...
) (from October to November 1944)- 10th Infantry Brigade
- 12th Infantry Brigade
- 28th Infantry Brigade
- Indian 4th Infantry Division (Major-General Arthur Holworthy) (until October 1944)
- 5th Indian Infantry Brigade
- 7th Indian Infantry Brigade
- 11th Indian Infantry Brigade
- British 46th Infantry DivisionBritish 46th (North Midland) Division- World War I :The British 46th Division was a 1st Line Territorial Force division. At the outbreak of the war, the 46th Division was commanded by Major General Hon. E.J. Montagu-Stuart-Wortley. Originally called the 'North Midland Division', it was redesignated as the 46th Division in 1915...
(Major-General John Hawkesworth until 6 November 1944, then Major-General C.E. Weir) (until December 1944)- 128th Infantry Brigade
- 138th Infantry Brigade
- 139th Infantry Brigade
- 25th Army Tank Brigade
- British 56th Infantry Division (Major-General J. Y. Whitfield)
- 167th Infantry Brigade
- 168th Infantry Brigade
- 139th Infantry Brigade
- 7th Armoured Brigade
- British 78th Infantry DivisionBritish 78th Infantry DivisionThe British 78th Infantry Division, also known as the Battleaxe Division, fought in the Second World War in North Africa and Italy.- History :...
(Major-General D.C. Butterworth until 10 October 1944 and then Major-General Keith ArbuthnottKeith Arbuthnott, 15th Viscount of ArbuthnottMajor General Robert Keith Arbuthnott, 15th Viscount of Arbuthnott CB, CBE, DSO, MC. .He was educated at Fettes College and RMC Sandhurst. He served in both World Wars and was mentioned in despatches...
) (from March 1945)- 11th Infantry Brigade
- 36th Infantry Brigade
- 38th Infantry Brigade
- British 6th Armoured Division (Major-General H. Murray) (from 18–23 April 1945)
- Indian 8th Infantry Division (Major-General Dudley RussellDudley RussellLieutenant-General Sir Dudley Russell KBE, CB, DSO, MC was an officer in the British and Indian Armies during World War I and World War II.-Early career:...
) (from March 1945) - Indian 10th Infantry DivisionIndian 10th Infantry DivisionThe Indian 10th Infantry Division was a war formed Infantry division of the Indian Army during World War II. In four years, the division traveled over from Tehran to Trieste, fought three little wars, and fought two great campaigns: Anglo-Iraqi War, Invasion of Syria-Lebanon, Anglo-Soviet invasion...
(Major-General Denys ReidDenys Whitehorn ReidDenys Whitehorn Reid CB, CBE, DSO and Bar, MC and Bar was an officer in the British Army and the British Indian Army during World War I and World War II.-World War I and inter-war years:...
) (from October 1944 to February 1945) - New Zealand 2nd Division (Lieutenant-General Sir Bernard Freyberg) (November 1944 to 14 April 1945)
- 4th New Zealand Armoured Brigade4th New Zealand Armoured BrigadeThe 4th New Zealand Armoured Brigade was formed in October 1942 from the remnants of the 4th New Zealand Infantry Brigade. They were part of the 2nd New Zealand Division, which had already seen action in the Battle of Greece the Battle of Crete and in the North African Campaign, having a leading...
- 5th New Zealand Infantry Brigade
- 6th New Zealand Infantry Brigade
- 4th New Zealand Armoured Brigade
- Jewish BrigadeJewish BrigadeThe Jewish Infantry Brigade Group was a military formation of the British Army that served in Europe during the Second World War. The brigade was formed in late 1944, and its personnel fought the Germans in Italy...
(from February to March 1945) - Italian Liberation Corps (Corpo Liberation Italiano)Italian Co-Belligerent ArmyThe Italian Co-Belligerent Army , or the Army of the South , was the army of the Italian Royalist forces fighting on the side of the Allies during World War II....
(1944)- Nembo Division184 Airborne Division Nembo184 Airborne Division Nembo or 184 Divisione Paracadutisti Nembo was an Airborne Division of the Italian Army during World War II....
- Utili Division
- Nembo Division
- Italian Cremona Combat GroupItalian Co-Belligerent ArmyThe Italian Co-Belligerent Army , or the Army of the South , was the army of the Italian Royalist forces fighting on the side of the Allies during World War II....
(from 1945) - Italian 28th Garibaldi Brigade (from 1945)
British X CorpsX Corps (United Kingdom)The X Corps was a British Army formation in the First World War and was later reformed in 1942 during the North African campaign of the Second World War as part of the Eighth Army.- First World War :...
(until December 1944 and from February 1945)
- Lieutenant-General Sir Richard McCreeryRichard McCreeryGeneral Sir Richard Loudon McCreery GCB, KBE, DSO, MC , was a British career soldier, who was Chief of Staff to Field Marshal Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis, at the time of the Second Battle of El Alamein and later commanded the British Eighth Army in Northern Italy during...
(until 6 November 1944) - Lieutenant-General John Hawkesworth (from 6 November 1944)
- 2nd Army Group Royal Artillery
- Indian 10th Infantry DivisionIndian 10th Infantry DivisionThe Indian 10th Infantry Division was a war formed Infantry division of the Indian Army during World War II. In four years, the division traveled over from Tehran to Trieste, fought three little wars, and fought two great campaigns: Anglo-Iraqi War, Invasion of Syria-Lebanon, Anglo-Soviet invasion...
(Major-General Denys ReidDenys Whitehorn ReidDenys Whitehorn Reid CB, CBE, DSO and Bar, MC and Bar was an officer in the British Army and the British Indian Army during World War I and World War II.-World War I and inter-war years:...
) (until October 1944)- 10th Indian Infantry Brigade
- 20th Indian InfantryBrigade
- 25th Indian Infantry Brigade
- 9th Armoured Brigade
- Jewish BrigadeJewish BrigadeThe Jewish Infantry Brigade Group was a military formation of the British Army that served in Europe during the Second World War. The brigade was formed in late 1944, and its personnel fought the Germans in Italy...
(from March 1945) - Italian Fruili Combat GroupItalian Co-Belligerent ArmyThe Italian Co-Belligerent Army , or the Army of the South , was the army of the Italian Royalist forces fighting on the side of the Allies during World War II....
(from 1945)
British XIII CorpsXIII Corps (United Kingdom)XIII Corps was a British infantry corps during World War I and World War II.-World War I:XIII Corps was formed in France on 15 November 1915 under Lieutenant-General Walter Congreve to be part of Fourth Army. It was first seriously engaged during the Battle of the Somme in 1916. On the First day on...
(transferred from U.S. 5th Army January 1945)
see listing above under U.S. 5th Army)
Canadian I CorpsI Canadian CorpsI Canadian Corps was one of the two corps fielded by the Canadian Army during World War II. From December 24, 1940 until the formation of the First Canadian Army in April 1942, there was a single unnumbered Canadian Corps...
(until February 1945)
- Lieutenant-General E. L. M. BurnsE. L. M. BurnsEedson Louis Millard "Tommy" Burns, was a Canadian Army Lieutenant General and diplomat.-Early Education:...
(until 10 November 1944) - Lieutenant-General C. FoulkesCharles Foulkes (Canadian)Charles Foulkes, was a Canadian soldier, and an officer of The Royal Canadian Regiment.-Military career:Foulkes was born in Stockton-on-Tees, England and joined the Canadian Army in 1926...
(from 10 November 1944)- 1st Canadian Army Group Royal Canadian Artillery
- Canadian 1st Infantry Division1st Canadian Infantry DivisionThe 1st Canadian Infantry Division was a formation mobilized on 1 September 1939 for service in the Second World War. The division was also reactivated twice during the Cold War....
(Major-General Chris Vokes until 1 December 1944 then Major-General H. W. Foster)- 1st Canadian Infantry Brigade
- 2nd Canadian Infantry Brigade
- 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade
- Canadian 5th Armoured Division5th Canadian (Armoured) Division5th Canadian Division was a Canadian division during World War II. Following its redesignation from '1st Canadian Armoured Division', the bulk proceeded overseas in one main convoy, arriving in the UK at the end of November 1941....
(Major-General Bert HoffmeisterBert HoffmeisterMajor General Bertram Meryl Hoffmeister, OC, CB, CBE, DSO and Bar, ED was a Canadian Army officer, businessman, and conservationist.-Biography:...
)- 5th Canadian Armoured Brigade
- 11th Canadian Infantry Brigade
- 12th Canadian Infantry Brigade
- 21st Army Tank Brigade
- British 4th Infantry Division4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)The 4th Infantry Division is a regular British Army division with a long history having been present at the Peninsular War the Crimean War , the First World War , and during the Second World War.- Napoleonic Wars :...
(Major-General Dudley WardAlfred Dudley WardGeneral Sir Alfred Dudley Ward, GCB, KBE, DSO , was a British Army officer during the Second World War and later Governor of Gibraltar. He served as an ordinary soldier for three years before being sent for officer training in 1926...
) (from September to October 1944) - New Zealand 2nd Division (Lieutenant-General Sir Bernard Freyberg. Major-General C. E. Weir acting commander 3 September to 17 October 1944) (September to October 1944)
- 3rd Greek Mountain Brigade3rd Greek Mountain BrigadeThe 3rd Greek Mountain Brigade was a unit of mountain infantry formed by the Greek government in exile in Egypt during World War II. It was formed from politically reliable right-wing and pro-royalist personnel following a pro-EAM mutiny among the Greek armed forces in Egypt in April 1944...
(Colonel Thrasyvoulos TsakalotosThrasyvoulos TsakalotosThrasyvoulos Tsakalotos , was a Hellenic Army officer who served in World War I, the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922 and World War II, rising to become Chief of the Hellenic Army General Staff....
) (from September to October 1944)
Polish II Corps
- Lieutenant-General Władysław Anders
- Army Group Polish Artillery
- Polish 3rd Carpathian Rifle DivisionPolish 3rd Carpathian Rifle DivisionThe Polish 3rd Carpathian Rifle Division , also commonly known as Christmas Tree Division due to the characteristic emblem, was an Allied unit fighting during World War II on the Italian Front...
(Major-General Bolesław Bronisław Duch)- 1st Carpathian Rifle Brigade
- 2nd Carpathian Rifle Brigade
- Polish 5th Kresowa Infantry Division (Major-General Nikodem SulikNikodem SulikNikodem Sulik-Sarnowski, who used the noms de guerre "Jodko", "Jod", "Karol", and "Sarnowski" , was an officer of the Russian Imperial Army, and Generał brygady of the Polish Army.-Biography:...
)- 5th Wilenska Infantry Brigade
- 6th Lwowska Infantry Brigade
- Polish 2nd Armoured Brigade (Brigadier-General Bronislaw RakowskiBronislaw RakowskiBronisław Stanisław Rakowski was a Polish general. Fought in the Polish legions, imprisoned by the Soviets during Soviet invasion of Poland, fought in the Anders Army and Polish Armed Forces in the West.* 1931–1936: Commanding Officer 12th Ulan Regiment* 1936–1939: Head of Army Historical Bureau*...
)
Other Units
- 2nd Commando Brigade (Brigadier Ronnie TodRonnie TodBrigadier Ronald John Frederick "Ronnie" Tod CBE, DSO & Bar was a British Army officer who was instrumental in the development of the British Commandos during the Second World War.-Early life and career:...
) (1945) - 2nd Parachute Brigade (United Kingdom) (to December 1944)
German Army Group CArmy Group CArmy Group C was an army group of the German Wehrmacht during the Second World War.-Career:Army Group C was set up from Heeresgruppenkommando 2 in Frankfurt on 26 August 1939...
Commander:
- Field MarshalGeneralfeldmarschallField Marshal or Generalfeldmarschall in German, was a rank in the armies of several German states and the Holy Roman Empire; in the Austrian Empire, the rank Feldmarschall was used...
Albert KesselringAlbert KesselringAlbert Kesselring was a German Luftwaffe Generalfeldmarschall during World War II. In a military career that spanned both World Wars, Kesselring became one of Nazi Germany's most skilful commanders, being one of 27 soldiers awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords...
(until 25 October 1944, from January 1945 until 9 March 1945) - General Heinrich von VietinghoffHeinrich von VietinghoffHeinrich Gottfried Otto Richard von Vietinghoff genannt Scheel was a German Colonel-General of the German Army during the Second World War....
(from 25 October 1944 until January 1945 and from 9 March 1945)
German Tenth Army
Commander:- General Heinrich von VietinghoffHeinrich von VietinghoffHeinrich Gottfried Otto Richard von Vietinghoff genannt Scheel was a German Colonel-General of the German Army during the Second World War....
(until 25 October 1944) - Lieutenant-General Joachim LemelsenJoachim LemelsenJoachim Hermann August Lemelsen was a German general during the Second World War. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves...
(from 25 October 1944 to 15 February 1945) - Lieutenant-General Traugott HerrTraugott HerrTraugott Herr was a German general of Panzer troops who served during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords...
(from 15 February 1945)
German LXXVI Panzer Corps
- Lieutenant-General Traugott HerrTraugott HerrTraugott Herr was a German general of Panzer troops who served during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords...
(until 26 December 1944) - Lieutenant-General Graff Gerhard von SchwerinGerhard von SchwerinGerhard Helmuth Detloff Graf von Schwerin was a German army General in World War II. As General der Panzertruppe, he was tasked with defending the city of Aachen while in command of the 116th Panzer Division "Windhund" .By the time the 3rd US Armored Division reached Aachen on 13 September 1944,...
(from 26 December 1944 to 25 April 1945) - Major-General Karl von GraffenKarl von GraffenKarl von Graffen was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership...
(from 25 April 1945)- German 1st Parachute Division1st Parachute Division (Germany)The German 1st Parachute Division was a German elite military parachute-landing Division that fought during World War II. A division of paratroopers was termed a Fallschirmjäger Division...
(Lieutenant-General Richard HeidrichRichard HeidrichRichard Heidrich , was a highly decorated German Fallschirmjäger and general during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords...
until 18 November 1944 then Brigadier Karl-Lothar SchulzKarl-Lothar SchulzKarl-Lothar Schulz , was a highly decorated German Fallschirmjäger and general during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords...
) - German 5th Mountain Division (Major-General Max-Günther SchrankMax-Günther SchrankMax Schrank was German Generalleutnant who commanded the 5. Gebirgs-Division in World War II. He was also a recipient of the Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes.-Notable decorations:...
to 18 January 1945, then Brigadier-General Hans Steets) - German 71st Infantry Division (Major-General Wilhelm Raapke) (until December 1944)
- German 162nd Infantry Division (Major-General Ralph von Heygendorff)
- German 278th Infantry Division (Major-General Harry HoppeHarry HoppeHarry Hoppe was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several divisions. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves...
)
- German 1st Parachute Division
German LI Mountain Corps
- Lieutenant-General Valentin FeursteinValentin FeursteinValentin Feurstein was an Austrian military officer serving in the Austrian and German armies.Feurstein served in the Austrian Bundesheer in the 1930s. He served as Commander of 3.Division...
until March 1945 and then Lieutenant-General Friedrich-Wilhelm HauckFriedrich-Wilhelm HauckFriedrich-Wilhelm Hauck was a highly decorated General der Artillerie in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several corps. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or...
- German 44th Reichsgrenadier Division Hoch und Deutschmeister (Major-General Hans-Günther von RostHans-Günther von RostHans-Günther von Rost was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership...
) (until November 1944) - German 114th Jäger Division (Brigadier-General Hans-Joachim Ehlert to 15 April 1945 then Brigadier-General Martin Strahammer)
- German 305th Infantry Division (Lieutenant-General Friedrich-Wilhelm HauckFriedrich-Wilhelm HauckFriedrich-Wilhelm Hauck was a highly decorated General der Artillerie in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several corps. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or...
until Dec 1944 then Brigadier-General Friedrich von Schellwitz) - German 334th Infantry DivisionGerman 334th Infantry Division80th Infantry Division334th Infantry Division756th Mountain Infantry RegimentThe German 334th Infantry Division was created in November 1942...
(Major-General Hellmuth BöhlkeHellmuth BöhlkeOtto Hellmuth Böhlke was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the 334. Infanterie-Division. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves...
) - German 715th Infantry Division715th Infantry Division (Germany)The 715th Infantry Division was a German infantry division which fought during World War II.-Composition:As of 1942, the composition of the 715th Infantry Division was as follows:*715th Infantry Regiment*735th Infantry Regiment*671st Artillery Battalion...
(Brigadier-General Hanns von Rohr) (until January 1945)
- German 44th Reichsgrenadier Division Hoch und Deutschmeister (Major-General Hans-Günther von Rost
German Fourteenth Army
- Commander:
- Lieutenant-General Joachim LemelsenJoachim LemelsenJoachim Hermann August Lemelsen was a German general during the Second World War. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves...
(to 24 October 1944 and from 17 February 1945) - Lieutenant-General Frido von Senger und Etterlin (October 1944)
- Lieutenant-General Heinz ZieglerHeinz ZieglerHeinz Ziegler was a highly decorated General der Artillerie in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross...
(24 October to 22 November 1944) - Lieutenant-General Traugott HerrTraugott HerrTraugott Herr was a German general of Panzer troops who served during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords...
(22 November to 12 December 1944) - Lieutenant-General Kurt von TippelskirchKurt von TippelskirchKurt Oskar Heinrich Ludwig Wilhelm von Tippelskirch was a general in the German Army during World War II.-Personal life:Kurt von Tippelskirch was born on 9 October 1891 in Berlin...
(from 12 December 1944 to 16 February 1945)
German I Parachute Corps
- Lieutenant-General Alfred SchlemmAlfred SchlemmAlfred Schlemm was a German General der Fallschirmtruppe in the Wehrmacht. His last command in World War II opposed the advance of the First Canadian Army through the Reichswald in February 1945....
(to 30 September 1944) - Lieutenant-General Richard HeidrichRichard HeidrichRichard Heidrich , was a highly decorated German Fallschirmjäger and general during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords...
(from 1 November 1944 to 23 January 1945) - Major-General Hellmuth BöhlkeHellmuth BöhlkeOtto Hellmuth Böhlke was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the 334. Infanterie-Division. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves...
(from 23 January 1945 to 7 February 1945) - Lieutenant-General Richard HeidrichRichard HeidrichRichard Heidrich , was a highly decorated German Fallschirmjäger and general during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords...
(from 7 February 1945)- German 4th Parachute Division (Major-General Heinrich TrettnerHeinrich TrettnerHeinrich "Heinz" Trettner was a German general serving during World War II and from 1964 to 1966 Inspector General of the Bundeswehr. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves...
) - German 356th Infantry Division (Major-General Karl Faulenbach to October 1944)
- German 362nd Infantry Division (Major-General Heinz GreinerHeinz GreinerHeinrich "Heinz" Greiner was a highly decorated officer in the German Army during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield...
)
- German 4th Parachute Division (Major-General Heinrich Trettner
German XIV Panzer Corps
- Lieutenant-General Frido von Senger und Etterlin
- German 26th Panzer Division (Major-General Eduard CrasemannEduard CrasemannEduard Crasemann was a highly decorated General der Artillerie in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several divisions. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves...
to 29 January 1945 then Brigadier-General Alfred Kuhnert to 19 April 1945 then Major-General Viktor Linnarz) - German 65th Infantry Division65th Infantry Division (Germany)The 65th Infantry Division was a German division in World War II. It was formed in July 1942.-65. Infanterie-Division 1943:*Infanterie-Regiment 145*Infanterie-Regiment 146*Panzerjäger- und Aufklärungs-Abteilung 165...
(Major-General Hellmuth PfeiferHellmuth PfeiferHans-Hellmuth Pfeifer was a German general who commanded the 65. Infantrie Division during World War II. It's field of operation was Italy at the time of his command...
) - 16th SS Panzergrenadier Division Reichsführer-SS16th SS Panzergrenadier Division Reichsführer-SSThe 16th SS Panzergrenadier Division Reichsführer-SS was a Panzergrenadier formation of the Waffen-SS during World War II.-History:Formed in November 1943 when Volksdeutsche recruits were added to the Sturmbrigade Reichsführer SS, which was used as the cadre in the formation of the new division...
(SS-Gruppenführer Max SimonMax SimonMax Simon was a German SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Waffen-SS during World War II, who was awarded the Knight's Cross with Oakleaves. Simon was a private in the Prussian Army during World War I and was one of the first members of the SS in the early 1930s...
until 24 October 1944 then SS-Brigadeführer Otto BaumOtto BaumOtto Baum, was an SS-Oberführer of the Waffen-SS. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords...
)
- German 26th Panzer Division (Major-General Eduard Crasemann
Army Group LiguriaArmy Group LiguriaArmy Group Liguria was an army group formed for the National Republican Army . The ENR was the national army of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini's Italian Social Republic...
- Commander: General Alfredo GuzzoniAlfredo GuzzoniAlfredo Guzzoni was an Italian military officer who served in both World War I and World War II.-Italian Army:Guzzoni joined the Italian Royal Army and fought in World War I....
- 42nd Jäger Division42nd Jäger Division42nd Jäger Division was a German Infantry division during World War II. It can trace its origins to the 187th Infantry Division which was based in Austria until September 1942, when it was redesignated as the 187th Reserve Division. The 187th was sent to Croatia and was redesignated the 42nd Jäger...
(Major-General Walter JostWalter JostWalter Jost was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership...
) - 34th Infantry Division34th Infantry Division (Germany)The 34th Infantry Division, , was a German military unit that fought in the Battle of France and on the Eastern Front during World War II.-Commanding officers:*Generalleutnant Erich Lüdke, 1 April 1936 – 1 October 1937...
(Major-General Theobald LiebTheo-Helmut LiebTheo-Helmut Lieb was a German general who held several divisional commands during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield...
) - Italian Monterosa Mountain Division
- Italian San Marco Infantry Division
- 42nd Jäger Division
Army Reserve
- German 29th Panzergrenadier Division (Major-General Fritz Polack)
- German 20th Luftwaffe Field Division re-designated German 20th Luftwaffe Stürm Division in June 1944 (Brigadier-General Wilhelm CrisolliWilhelm CrisolliWilhelm Crisolli was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several divisions. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful...
until 1 June 1944 then Brigadier-General Erich FronhöferErich FronhöferErich Fronhöfer was a German general, who served in both World Wars.-Life:Fronhöfer was born in Ragaischen, East Prussia. He served in the Imperial German Army, the Reichswehr, and the Wehrmacht Heer....
)
German LXXV Corps (Italian-French border)
- Lieutenant-General Hans SchlemmerHans SchlemmerDipl.-Ing. Johann "Hans" SchlemmerIn German an engineer's degree is called Diplom-Ingenieur was a highly decorated General der Gebirgstruppe in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the LXXV. Armeekorps. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves...
- German 148th Reserve Division148th Reserve Division (Germany)The German 148th Reserve Division was a German reserve infantry division during the Second World War, made up of three infantry regiments and an artillery regiment.- History :...
(Major-General Otto Schönherr) (to August 1944) - German 90th Panzergrenadier Division (Major-General Ernst-Günther BaadeErnst-Günther BaadeGeneralleutnant Ernst-Günther Baade was a German general serving during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves and Swords was awarded to recognise extreme...
to 9 December 1944 then Lieutenant-General Gerhard von SchwerinGerhard von SchwerinGerhard Helmuth Detloff Graf von Schwerin was a German army General in World War II. As General der Panzertruppe, he was tasked with defending the city of Aachen while in command of the 116th Panzer Division "Windhund" .By the time the 3rd US Armored Division reached Aachen on 13 September 1944,...
to 26 December 1944 then Brigadier-General Heinrich Baron von BehrHeinrich Baron von BehrHeinrich Alexander Ferdinand Baron von Behr was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II and an Generalmajor in the Bundeswehr. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves...
) - German 157th Mountain Division re-designated German 8th Mountain Division in February 1945 (Major-General Paul Schricker)
- German 148th Reserve Division
Adriatic Coast Command
- 94th Infantry Division94th Infantry Division (Germany)The 94th Infantry Division was a German Army infantry division in World War II.-Formation and the west campaign:...
(Major-General Bernhard Steinmetz) - German 188th Mountain Division (Major-General Hans von Hößlin)