Goleniów
Encyclopedia
Goleniów g is a town in Pomerania
, northwestern Poland
with 22,399 inhabitants (2004). It is the capital of Goleniów County
in West Pomeranian Voivodeship
(since 1999); previously it was in Szczecin Voivodeship
(1975–1998). Town area is 12.5 km², geographical situation 53°33'N and 14°49'E. It is situated in the centre of Goleniowska Forest on Goleniów Plain, near main roads numbers 3 and 6. Nearby town-part: Helenów
The international airport Szczecin-Goleniów "Solidarność" Airport is located just East of the town.
granted the settlement Magdeburg Law and additional privileges in 1264, yet the town was rechartered with Lübeck Law
, which favoured the local merchants, in 1314. The town grew by exploiting the vast timber reserves in the town-owned forests, and by trade. Gollnow was connected to the Baltic Sea
trade routes by the port of Ihnamünde at the mouth of the Ihna (now Ina) river. Competition with nearby Stettin (now Szczecin) led to a series of conflicts between the two towns, the differences were set aside only in 1615 when the towns signed a reconciling treaty.
The Thirty Years' War
devastated the town, and as a consequence of the post-war Peace of Westphalia
(1648) and Treaty of Stettin (1653)
, Gollnow remained with Sweden
who had occupied the area since the Treaty of Stettin (1630)
. Because the border with Brandenburg-Prussian Pomerania ran close to the town, it cut Gollnow off her hinterlands and thus hindered her recovery from the war. In 1677, the Swedish Empire
lost Gollnow to Brandenburg-Prussia
. In the following, the number of craftsmen in the town grew steadily. In the 19th century, craft and trade were joined by industry - Gollnow hosted a coppersmith, a needle fabrication, several facilities for the manufacturing of furniture, three breweries, a distillery, and five water mills. In the late 19th and early 20th century, Gollnow became an important railroad junction, when it was connected to Neudamm and Naugard in 1882, to Kammin and Wollin in 1892, and to Massow
in 1903. Gollnow was part of the reconstituted Prussian province
of Pomerania from 1815 to 1945.
On 7 March 1945, the town was captured by the
Red Army
and became Polish
. The population fled or was expelled and the town was resettled with Poles
.
1628: 1,500-1,600 inhabitants
1745: 1,677 inhabitants
1796: 2,200 inhabitants
1811: 2,929 inhabitants
1828: 3,920 inhabitants
1843: 4,911 inhabitants
1864: 7,413 inhabitants
1895: 8,181 inhabitants
1910: 10,258 inhabitants
1928: 11,815 inhabitants
1938: 13,500 inhabitants
1960: 10,300 inhabitants
1970: 14,700 inhabitants
1975: 17,200 inhabitants
1980: 19,100 inhabitants
1990: 22,200 inhabitants
1995: 22,200 inhabitants
2004: 22,399 inhabitants
2007: 22.399 inhabitants
2008: 22.377 inhabitants
with: Bergen auf Rügen
, Germany
Svedala
, Sweden
Greifswald
, Germany
Opmeer
, Netherlands
Guryevsk
, Russia
Pyrzyce
, Poland
Pomerania
Pomerania is a historical region on the south shore of the Baltic Sea. Divided between Germany and Poland, it stretches roughly from the Recknitz River near Stralsund in the West, via the Oder River delta near Szczecin, to the mouth of the Vistula River near Gdańsk in the East...
, northwestern Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
with 22,399 inhabitants (2004). It is the capital of Goleniów County
Goleniów County
Goleniów County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Goleniów, which...
in West Pomeranian Voivodeship
West Pomeranian Voivodeship
West Pomeranian Voivodeship, , is a voivodeship in northwestern Poland. It borders on Pomeranian Voivodeship to the east, Greater Poland Voivodeship to the southeast, Lubusz Voivodeship to the south, the German federal-state of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania to the west, and the Baltic Sea to the north...
(since 1999); previously it was in Szczecin Voivodeship
Szczecin Voivodeship
Szczecin Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by West Pomeranian Voivodeship.----Statistics :*Area: 10.000 km²...
(1975–1998). Town area is 12.5 km², geographical situation 53°33'N and 14°49'E. It is situated in the centre of Goleniowska Forest on Goleniów Plain, near main roads numbers 3 and 6. Nearby town-part: Helenów
Helenów (Goleniów)
Helenów, known as Helgenfeld until 1945, is a neighborhood in Goleniów, in Goleniów County, Poland. It is situated two kilometres south of the centre of town, near the road leading to Stargard Szczeciński, by the river Wiśniówka, on the edge of Równina Goleniowska and Równina Nowogardzka , and...
The international airport Szczecin-Goleniów "Solidarność" Airport is located just East of the town.
History
Goleniow, then Gollnow, was founded twice: First, Barnim I, Duke of PomeraniaBarnim I, Duke of Pomerania
Barnim I the Good from the Griffin dynasty was a Duke of Pomerania from 1220 until his death.-Life:...
granted the settlement Magdeburg Law and additional privileges in 1264, yet the town was rechartered with Lübeck Law
Lübeck law
The Lübeck law was the constitution of a municipal form of government developed at Lübeck in Schleswig-Holstein after it was made a free city in 1226. The law provides for self-government. It replaced the personal rule of tribal monarchs descending from ancient times or the rule of the regional...
, which favoured the local merchants, in 1314. The town grew by exploiting the vast timber reserves in the town-owned forests, and by trade. Gollnow was connected to the Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is a brackish mediterranean sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Europe, and the Danish islands. It drains into the Kattegat by way of the Øresund, the Great Belt and...
trade routes by the port of Ihnamünde at the mouth of the Ihna (now Ina) river. Competition with nearby Stettin (now Szczecin) led to a series of conflicts between the two towns, the differences were set aside only in 1615 when the towns signed a reconciling treaty.
The Thirty Years' War
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most countries in Europe. It was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history....
devastated the town, and as a consequence of the post-war Peace of Westphalia
Peace of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October of 1648 in Osnabrück and Münster. These treaties ended the Thirty Years' War in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch Republic, with Spain formally recognizing the...
(1648) and Treaty of Stettin (1653)
Treaty of Stettin (1653)
The Treaty of Stettin of 4 May 1653 settled a dispute between Brandenburg and Sweden, who both claimed succession in the Duchy of Pomerania after the extinction of the local House of Pomerania during the Thirty Years' War. Brandenburg's claims were based on the Treaty of Grimnitz , while Sweden's...
, Gollnow remained with Sweden
Swedish Pomerania
Swedish Pomerania was a Dominion under the Swedish Crown from 1630 to 1815, situated on what is now the Baltic coast of Germany and Poland. Following the Polish War and the Thirty Years' War, Sweden held extensive control over the lands on the southern Baltic coast, including Pomerania and parts...
who had occupied the area since the Treaty of Stettin (1630)
Treaty of Stettin (1630)
The Treaty of Stettin or Alliance of Stettin was the legal framework for the occupation of the Duchy of Pomerania by the Swedish Empire during the Thirty Years' War...
. Because the border with Brandenburg-Prussian Pomerania ran close to the town, it cut Gollnow off her hinterlands and thus hindered her recovery from the war. In 1677, the Swedish Empire
Swedish Empire
The Swedish Empire refers to the Kingdom of Sweden between 1561 and 1721 . During this time, Sweden was one of the great European powers. In Swedish, the period is called Stormaktstiden, literally meaning "the Great Power Era"...
lost Gollnow to Brandenburg-Prussia
Brandenburg-Prussia
Brandenburg-Prussia is the historiographic denomination for the Early Modern realm of the Brandenburgian Hohenzollerns between 1618 and 1701. Based in the Electorate of Brandenburg, the main branch of the Hohenzollern intermarried with the branch ruling the Duchy of Prussia, and secured succession...
. In the following, the number of craftsmen in the town grew steadily. In the 19th century, craft and trade were joined by industry - Gollnow hosted a coppersmith, a needle fabrication, several facilities for the manufacturing of furniture, three breweries, a distillery, and five water mills. In the late 19th and early 20th century, Gollnow became an important railroad junction, when it was connected to Neudamm and Naugard in 1882, to Kammin and Wollin in 1892, and to Massow
Massow
Massow is a municipality in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany....
in 1903. Gollnow was part of the reconstituted Prussian province
Provinces of Prussia
The Provinces of Prussia constituted the main administrative divisions of Prussia. Following the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 and the Congress of Vienna in 1815 the various princely states in Germany gained their nominal sovereignty, but the reunification process that culminated in...
of Pomerania from 1815 to 1945.
On 7 March 1945, the town was captured by the
Battle of Berlin
The Battle of Berlin, designated the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation by the Soviet Union, was the final major offensive of the European Theatre of World War II....
Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
and became Polish
Oder-Neisse line
The Oder–Neisse line is the border between Germany and Poland which was drawn in the aftermath of World War II. The line is formed primarily by the Oder and Lusatian Neisse rivers, and meets the Baltic Sea west of the seaport cities of Szczecin and Świnoujście...
. The population fled or was expelled and the town was resettled with Poles
Recovered Territories
Recovered or Regained Territories was an official term used by the People's Republic of Poland to describe those parts of pre-war Germany that became part of Poland after World War II...
.
Population
1628: 1,500-1,600 inhabitants
1745: 1,677 inhabitants
1796: 2,200 inhabitants
1811: 2,929 inhabitants
1828: 3,920 inhabitants
1843: 4,911 inhabitants
1864: 7,413 inhabitants
1895: 8,181 inhabitants
1910: 10,258 inhabitants
1928: 11,815 inhabitants
1938: 13,500 inhabitants
1960: 10,300 inhabitants
1970: 14,700 inhabitants
1975: 17,200 inhabitants
1980: 19,100 inhabitants
1990: 22,200 inhabitants
1995: 22,200 inhabitants
2004: 22,399 inhabitants
2007: 22.399 inhabitants
2008: 22.377 inhabitants
Twin towns — Sister cities
Goleniów is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with: Bergen auf Rügen
Bergen auf Rügen
Bergen auf Rügen is the capital of the former district of Rügen in the middle of the island of Rügen in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Since 1 January 2005, Bergen has moreover been the administrative seat of the Amt of Bergen auf Rügen, which with a population of over 23,000 is...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
Svedala
Svedala
Svedala is a locality and the seat of Svedala Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 9,593 inhabitants in 2005.- References :...
, Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
Greifswald
Greifswald
Greifswald , officially, the University and Hanseatic City of Greifswald is a town in northeastern Germany. It is situated in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, at an equal distance of about from Germany's two largest cities, Berlin and Hamburg. The town borders the Baltic Sea, and is crossed...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
Opmeer
Opmeer
Opmeer is a municipality and town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland and the region of West-Frisia.-Population centres :...
, Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
Guryevsk
Guryevsk
Guryevsk may refer to:*Guryevsk, Kaliningrad Oblast, a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia*Guryevsk, Kemerovo Oblast, a town in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
Pyrzyce
Pyrzyce
Pyrzyce , is a town in Pomerania, north-western Poland, with 13,331 inhabitants Capital of the Pyrzyce County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship , previously in Szczecin Voivodeship .-History:...
, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
Towns near Goleniów
- SzczecinSzczecinSzczecin , is the capital city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland. It is the country's seventh-largest city and the largest seaport in Poland on the Baltic Sea. As of June 2009 the population was 406,427....
City (PolandPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
) - Police, PolandPolice, PolandPolice is a town in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, northwestern Poland. It is the capital of Police County. As of 2006, the town had 34,284 inhabitants. The name comes from Polish pole, which means "field"....
- Stargard SzczecińskiStargard SzczecinskiStargard Szczeciński is a city in northwestern Poland, with a population of 71,017 . Situated on the Ina River it is the capital of Stargard County and since 1999 has been in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship; prior to that it was in the Szczecin Voivodeship...
(PolandPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
) - MaszewoMaszewoMaszewo is a town in Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with 3,062 inhabitants .-External links:*...
(PolandPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
) - NowogardNowogardNowogard of northwestern Poland, with some 16,733 inhabitants -Location:Situated in the Goleniow County of West Pomeranian Voivodship , previously in Szczecin Voivodship ....
(PolandPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
) - Kamień PomorskiKamien PomorskiKamień Pomorski is a town in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship of northwestern Poland. The capital of Kamień County, the town had 9,129 inhabitants as of June 30, 2008.- History :...
(PolandPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
) - Wolin (town)Wolin (town)Wolin is a town situated on the southern tip of the Wolin island off the Baltic coast of Poland. The island lies at the edge of the strait of Dziwna in Kamień Pomorski County in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship....
(PolandPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
) - GolczewoGolczewoGolczewo is a town in Kamień County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with 2,718 inhabitants .-External links:*...
(PolandPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
)
Notable people
- Werner KollathWerner KollathWerner Georg Kollath was a German bacteriologist, hygienist and food scientist. He is considered a pioneer of whole foods.-Biography:...
(1892–1970), bacteriologist, hygienist and food scientist - Marek LeśniakMarek LesniakMarek Leśniak is a retired Polish footballer who played as a striker, and the current coach of SSVg Velbert....
(born 1964), footballer