Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb
Encyclopedia
Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb An euphemism for the mutually participatory co-existence of Hindu
and Muslim
culture of Northern India
.
This term is used for the culture of the central plains of Northern India
, which is regarded as a fusion of Hindu
and Muslim
elements.
The region of Awadh
in the state of Uttar Pradesh
is usually considered to be the center of this culture. Lucknow
, Kanpur, Faizabad
-Ayodhya, Varanasi
(Benares) are few of the many centres of this culture.
Nawabs of Awadh have been fore-runners of this culture.
Lucknow’s Oudhi culture is mix of ganga jamuni tehzeeb which brought together the best of the Persian and Mughal cultures of Islam and the Banarsi Raas rang. Khayal, thumri
, Ghazal
and Kathak
flourished in Lucknow.
Ustad Bismillah Khan was considered an embodiment of Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb.
Kathak
a fine dramatization of poetry in Urdu
and Khari boli or Braj bhasha has evolved as an ensemble of Indo-Islamic music and dance and this repertoire is the most beautiful show-piece of Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb.
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
and Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
culture of Northern India
North India
North India, known natively as Uttar Bhārat or Shumālī Hindustān , is a loosely defined region in the northern part of India. The exact meaning of the term varies by usage...
.
This term is used for the culture of the central plains of Northern India
North India
North India, known natively as Uttar Bhārat or Shumālī Hindustān , is a loosely defined region in the northern part of India. The exact meaning of the term varies by usage...
, which is regarded as a fusion of Hindu
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
and Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
elements.
The region of Awadh
Awadh
Awadh , also known in various British historical texts as Oudh or Oude derived from Ayodhya, is a region in the centre of the modern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, which was before independence known as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh...
in the state of Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
is usually considered to be the center of this culture. Lucknow
Lucknow
Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh in India. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division....
, Kanpur, Faizabad
Faizabad
City of Faizabad , previous capital of Awadh, is the headquarters of Faizabad District and a municipal board in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, situated on the banks of river Ghaghra . Faizabad has a twin city of Ayodhya, which is considered to be the birthplace of Rama...
-Ayodhya, Varanasi
Varanasi
-Etymology:The name Varanasi has its origin possibly from the names of the two rivers Varuna and Assi, for the old city lies in the north shores of the Ganga bounded by its two tributaries, the Varuna and the Asi, with the Ganges being to its south...
(Benares) are few of the many centres of this culture.
Nawabs of Awadh have been fore-runners of this culture.
Lucknow’s Oudhi culture is mix of ganga jamuni tehzeeb which brought together the best of the Persian and Mughal cultures of Islam and the Banarsi Raas rang. Khayal, thumri
Thumri
Thumri is a common genre of semi-classical Indian music.The text is romantic or devotional in nature, and usually revolves around a girl's love for Krishna. The lyrics are usually in Uttar Pradesh dialects of Hindi called Poorbi and Brij Bhasha...
, Ghazal
Ghazal
The ghazal is a poetic form consisting of rhyming couplets and a refrain, with each line sharing the same meter. A ghazal may be understood as a poetic expression of both the pain of loss or separation and the beauty of love in spite of that pain. The form is ancient, originating in 6th century...
and Kathak
Kathak
Kathak is one of the eight forms of Indian classical dances, originated from Uttar Pradesh, India. This dance form traces its origins to the nomadic bards of ancient northern India, known as Kathaks, or storytellers...
flourished in Lucknow.
Ustad Bismillah Khan was considered an embodiment of Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb.
Kathak
Kathak
Kathak is one of the eight forms of Indian classical dances, originated from Uttar Pradesh, India. This dance form traces its origins to the nomadic bards of ancient northern India, known as Kathaks, or storytellers...
a fine dramatization of poetry in Urdu
Urdu
Urdu is a register of the Hindustani language that is identified with Muslims in South Asia. It belongs to the Indo-European family. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. It is also widely spoken in some regions of India, where it is one of the 22 scheduled languages and an...
and Khari boli or Braj bhasha has evolved as an ensemble of Indo-Islamic music and dance and this repertoire is the most beautiful show-piece of Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb.