Galician literature
Encyclopedia
Galician language literature is the literature written in Galician
Galician language
Galician is a language of the Western Ibero-Romance branch, spoken in Galicia, an autonomous community located in northwestern Spain, where it is co-official with Castilian Spanish, as well as in border zones of the neighbouring territories of Asturias and Castile and León.Modern Galician and...

. The earliest works in Galician language are from the early 13th-century trovadorismo tradition. In the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...

, Galego-português (Galician-Portuguese
Galician-Portuguese
Galician-Portuguese or Old Portuguese was a West Iberian Romance language spoken in the Middle Ages, in the northwest area of the Iberian Peninsula. It was first spoken in the area bounded in the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean and the Douro River in the south but it was later extended south...

) was a language of culture, poetry (troubadours) and religion throughout not only Galicia and Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...

 but also Castile
Castile (historical region)
A former kingdom, Castile gradually merged with its neighbours to become the Crown of Castile and later the Kingdom of Spain when united with the Crown of Aragon and the Kingdom of Navarre...

.

After the separation of Portuguese and Galician, Galician was considered provincial and was not widely used for literary or academic purposes. It was with the Rexurdimento
Rexurdimento
The Rexurdimento was a period in the History of Galicia during the 19th century. Its central feature was the revitalization of the Galician language as a vehicle of social and cultural expression after the so-called séculos escuros , in which the dominance of Castilian Spanish was nearly complete...

("Rebirth"), in the mid-19th century that Galician was used again in literature, and then in politics.

Middle Ages

  • Alfonso X of Castile
    Alfonso X of Castile
    Alfonso X was a Castilian monarch who ruled as the King of Castile, León and Galicia from 1252 until his death...

  • Xohán de Cangas
    Xohán de Cangas
    Johan de Cangas was a jograr or non-noble troubadour, probably active during the thirteenth century. He seems to have been from—or associated with -- Cangas de Morrazo, a small town on Pontevedra, Galicia . Only three of his songs survive...

  • Martín Codax
    Martín Codax
    Martín Codax or Martim Codax was a Galician medieval jogral , possibly from Vigo, Galicia in present day Spain. He may have been active during the middle of the thirteenth century, judging from scriptological analysis...

  • Mendinho
    Mendinho
    Mendinho, also Meendinho, Mendiño and Meendiño, was a medieval Iberian poet.Nothing is known about Mendinho except by inference. Scholars generally assume from the reference to the shrine of San Simión that he was Galician...


19th century

  • Rosalía de Castro
    Rosalía de Castro
    María Rosalía Rita de Castro , was a Galician romanticist writer and poet.Writing in the Galician language, after the Séculos Escuros , she became an important figure of the Galician romantic movement, known today as the Rexurdimento , along with Manuel Curros Enríquez and Eduardo Pondal...

  • Manuel Murguía
    Manuel Murguía
    Manuel Murguia was a Galician journalist and historian who created the Real Academia Galega. He was one of the main figures in Galician Rexurdimento movement. He is also remembered as Rosalía de Castro's husband, publisher and main supporter.-Life:...

  • Francisco Añón
  • Manuel Curros Enríquez
    Manuel Curros Enríquez
    Manuel Curros Enríquez was a Galician writer and journalist in the Galician language, and is considered to be one of the leading figures of Galician culture and identity.-Early life:...

  • Eduardo Pondal
    Eduardo Pondal
    Eduardo María González-Pondal Abente was a Spanish poet, who wrote in both Spanish and GalicianOf Hidalgo origin Pondal was the youngest of a family of seven. From 1884 onwards he studied Latin in a school in Vilela de Nemiña which belonged to his cleric relative, Cristobal Lago...


20th century

  • Álvaro Cunqueiro
    Álvaro Cunqueiro
    Álvaro Cunqueiro Mora was an Galician writer. He is the author of many works in both Galician and Spanish, including Merlín e familia...

  • Vicente Risco
    Vicente Risco
    Vicente Martínez Risco Agüero was a Galician intellectual of the 20th Century. He was a founder member of Xeración Nós, and among the most important figures in the history of Galician literature. He is well regarded for his writings on Galician nationalism, as well as a contributor to the Galician...

  • Xohán Vicente Viqueira
  • Xesús Ferro Couselo
  • Celso Emilio Ferreiro
    Celso Emilio Ferreiro
    Celso Emilio Ferreiro Mínguez , born in Celanova, Galicia, was a Galicianist activist, writer, and political journalist.-Early years:...

  • Rafael Dieste
  • Eduardo Blanco Amor
  • Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao
    Castelão
    There are two association football stadiums nicknamed Castelão:*Castelão , located in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil*Castelão , located in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil-Other:...

  • Fermín Bouza Brei
  • Carlos Casares Mouriño
  • Xosé Neira Vilas
  • Antón Vilar Ponte
    Antón Vilar Ponte
    Antón Vilar Ponte was born in Viveiro in 1881 and died in A Coruña in 1936. He was one of the most important galicianists before the civil war. As a journalist he worked in A Nosa Terra, Nós, La Voz de Galicia, El Pueblo Gallego, and El Noroste....

  • Luís Seoane
    Luís Seoane
    Luis Seoane was a lithographer and artist. Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina on June 1, 1910, of Galician immigrants, he spent much of his childhood and youth in Galicia . He was educated in A Coruña...

  • Dario Xoan Cabana
  • Ánxel Fole

Contemporary

  • Manuel Rivas
    Manuel Rivas
    Manuel Rivas is a Galician writer, poet and journalist. He began his career in some Spanish newspapers like El Ideal Gallego, La Voz de Galicia, El Pais, and was the sub-editor of Diario 16 in Galicia...

  • Suso de Toro
    Suso de toro
    Xesús Miguel "Suso" de Toro Santos is a Spanish writer. A modern and contemporary arts graduate, he has published more than twenty novels and plays in Galician. He is a television scriptwriter and regular press and radio contributor....

  • Xurxo Borrazás
    Xurxo Borrazás
    Xurxo Borrazás Fariña, born in Carballo in 1963, is a Galician writer. He earned a degree in English philology from the Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. At this time, he began to write poetry, and then continued writing narrative fiction. He has translated Tropic of Cancer by Henry Miller ...



For a more extensive list of Galician language writers, see Día das Letras Galegas
Día das Letras Galegas
Galician Literature Day is a public holiday observed in Galicia, Spain. Introduced by the Royal Galician Academy in 1963 it is a celebration of the Galician language and its literature. This celebration has taken place on May 17 since 1963...



Other Authors

  • Ignacio Ramonet
    Ignacio Ramonet
    Ignacio Ramonet is a Spanish journalist and writer.He was the editor-in-chief of Le Monde diplomatique from 1991 until March 2008....

    . Works in Spanish and French.
  • Federico García Lorca
    Federico García Lorca
    Federico del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús García Lorca was a Spanish poet, dramatist and theatre director. García Lorca achieved international recognition as an emblematic member of the Generation of '27. He is believed to be one of thousands who were summarily shot by anti-communist death squads...

    . The poet from Granada
    Granada
    Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at the confluence of three rivers, the Beiro, the Darro and the Genil. It sits at an elevation of 738 metres above sea...

     wrote "Six Galician Poems" in Galician language.

See also

  • Literature by Galician authors
    Literature by Galician authors
    The literature written by Galician authors has been developed in both Galician and Spanish languages. The earliest works written in Galician language are from the early 13th-century trovadorismo tradition...

  • Día das Letras Galegas
    Día das Letras Galegas
    Galician Literature Day is a public holiday observed in Galicia, Spain. Introduced by the Royal Galician Academy in 1963 it is a celebration of the Galician language and its literature. This celebration has taken place on May 17 since 1963...

    ("Galician Literature Day") on May 17
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