Frederick T. van Beuren, Jr. (physician)
Encyclopedia
Frederick T. van Beuren, Jr., M.D. (February 10, 1876–March 13, 1943) was a physician
and surgeon
, a medical school
administrator and professor
, a researcher, and a hospital
administrator. He was graduated from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
. He later became the chief
of its surgery clinic
and an instructor
in surgery
.
Even later, he became its associate dean and associate clinical professor of surgery.
He was a vice president of the New York Academy of Medicine
. While researching gastroenterological surgery, he conducted long-term studies at Roosevelt Hospital and Presbyterian Hospital
. He also was president of Morristown Memorial Hospital in New Jersey
.
During World War I
he was a captain of the Medical Reserve Corps
. He spoke publicly supporting medical preparedness and urging physicians to join the war effort.
He was a published clinician in peer-reviewed journals, who often was invited to read the results of his clinical studies before many medical organizations and associations in the United States and Canada. He contributed to the Annals of Surgery
.
and in 1902 he was graduated from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, with a degree
in medicine
. Within ten years he was chief of staff at his alma mater
's surgery clinic
and teaching surgery at the university.
In April 1910 he was elected a fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine where he served as recording secretary (1916–1919), as vice-president (1925–1927), and as a member of the committee on admission (1922–1927), which selected the candidates offered admission. He was given another position at the academy as a member of the committee on medical education in 1926. He also served on the program committee and the building committee.
Active in community public health
activities and services including free clinics and emergency planning, during World War I van Beuren served as a captain in the federal Medical Reserve Corps that became part of the Council on National Defense
(1915–1937), which was organized under the U.S. Army with national leaders who sat on a council that reported directly to the president of the United States. Members of the corps created the national planning to assure that adequate medical services would be available during emergencies, including periods of war. In 1917, members of the Medical Reserve Corps became members of the Medical Officers' Reserve Corps, for the war years, before reverting to their peacetime emergency planning role after the armistice in 1918. In this capacity, Captain van Beuren was invited to attend the semi-annual meeting of the Essex County Medical Society on June 5, 1917 in Elizabethtown, New York
as a speaker presented during their Scientific Program. He "...spoke on Medical Preparedness and the need of the National Government for medical men at the present time..." and "...a rising vote of thanks was extended..."
He was assistant attending surgeon at Lincoln Hospital (1910–1913) and at Roosevelt Hospital
(1913–1921). He was attending surgeon at Volunteer Hospital (1915–1917) and at Sloane Hospital for Women
(1920–1938). After he had become associate dean at his alma mater (1921–1934), the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, beginning in 1929, he held the position of associate clinical professor of surgery there as well. In 1933 he became president of Morristown Memorial Hospital in New Jersey, another position he held until his death.
He was associate visiting surgeon at Presbyterian Hospital, where for twenty-four years, he conducted clinical research into surgical techniques and equipment. His assessment of that research was read before the New York Surgical Society on February 24, 1943. He also was consulting surgeon at Elizabeth A. Horton Memorial Hospital at Middletown, New York
, which now is known as Orange Regional Medical Center.
He was a diplomate of the American Board of Surgery
, a fellow of the American College of Surgeons
, a fellow of the American Medical Association
. He also was a member of the American Surgical Association
, a member of the Medical Society of New Jersey, the Medical Society of the State of New York, the Morris County Medical Society, and the New York County Medical Society
.
Many of his illustration
s regarding clinical methods, procedures, tools, and techniques also were used in published works in the field of surgery
, teaching surgeons new techniques he developed or advised in the emerging field of modern surgery that was made possible through anesthesia
and aseptic procedures
. Many of his clinical studies were in the field of gastroenterological surgery
, documenting the scientific
data he gathered to advance medical knowledge about and to enable better diagnoses
and choices of treatment for conditions that often resulted in the deaths of patients.
He died at Morristown Memorial Hospital in New Jersey, where he was its president. The New York Times was alerted about his death by the New Jersey newspapers and the Times published an obituary. His death was noted in many professional journals. Science
, the journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
, also published an obituary.
in 1755, a prominent Dutch settler
in North America who was very prosperous and acquired large tracts of land in what now are Manhattan, Connecticut
, and New Jersey
. He was a physician, who had been educated at the University of Leyden, Leyden, South Holland, The Netherlands, http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~rclarke/page1/vbeuren2.htm and immigrated
to North America in 1700 from Amsterdam. The genealogy
of his descendants lists several physicians educated in the United States. The original, related, Spingler family home in Manhattan is a historic site
. Members of later generations of the family resided in structures that were considered landmarks in the community as well. Morristown, New Jersey, the county seat, is recorded as the birthplace of many members of the family as well as Manhattan.
When Frederic van Beuren was growing up his family resided in Manhattan, but maintained other residences. The family had large tracts of land in Morris County
that were supported by a farm on the parcel that measures several square miles. This New Vernon
property would become a primary residence for him later in his life. The farm was located on what now is van Beuren Road. The eponymous road divided the property and, after passing near to Silver Lake, reaches Blue Mill Road via a bridge over one of the two tributaries that form the lake.
A family retreat from the city existed on the property, a massive shingled structure
on Spring Valley Road. During the latter part of the nineteenth century wealthy members of the Manhattan blue book
society built so many luxurious mansions in the Morristown area that it became labeled "the inland Newport
" as recreational uses expanded to the mountainous areas (in contrast to the seaside sites to the east of Manhattan). Jessica van Beuren told her granddaughter, Liz, that after a trip across the Hudson River
, it was a four-hour carriage ride to these properties until the Vanderbilts
constructed a rail line to reach the area. At that time the shingled structure in New Vernon was renovated into a brick structure that is described as one of the notable mansions of the area. It has four stories that included a basement through which a brook ran for fresh water and had household servant quarters on the fourth floor. Four other houses on the property served as living quarters for specialized and managerial staff members for the estate, stables, and farm.
At the age of thirty, on May 26, 1906, he married Jessica T. Mohlman and after a "grand tour
" honeymoon of Europe, they took up residence on Park Avenue
relatively near to the home of his parents. Later they moved to a Fifth Avenue home they retained throughout their lives. Eventually, they spent more time in New Vernon and, in 1933, when van Beuren became the president of Morristown Memorial Hospital, the house facing Spring Valley Road became their primary residence.
Their sons became entrepreneurs, John M. van Beuren an electronics engineer, founded Quan-Tech Laboratories in New Jersey that developed electronic measurement instruments crucial for space exploration because they could predict the life expectancy of resistors, transistors, and diodes and Michael van Beuren an industrial designer who became a Bauhaus
furniture designer with international recognition
opened his design studio and a furniture factory in Mexico near another family residence in Cuernavaca.
Physician
A physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...
and surgeon
Surgeon
In medicine, a surgeon is a specialist in surgery. Surgery is a broad category of invasive medical treatment that involves the cutting of a body, whether human or animal, for a specific reason such as the removal of diseased tissue or to repair a tear or breakage...
, a medical school
Medical school
A medical school is a tertiary educational institution—or part of such an institution—that teaches medicine. Degree programs offered at medical schools often include Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine, Bachelor/Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Philosophy, master's degree, or other post-secondary...
administrator and professor
Professor
A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...
, a researcher, and a hospital
Hospital
A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment by specialized staff and equipment. Hospitals often, but not always, provide for inpatient care or longer-term patient stays....
administrator. He was graduated from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, often known as P&S, is a graduate school of Columbia University that is located on the health sciences campus in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan...
. He later became the chief
Chief of Staff
The title, chief of staff, identifies the leader of a complex organization, institution, or body of persons and it also may identify a Principal Staff Officer , who is the coordinator of the supporting staff or a primary aide to an important individual, such as a president.In general, a chief of...
of its surgery clinic
Clinic
A clinic is a health care facility that is primarily devoted to the care of outpatients...
and an instructor
Instructor
Instructor may refer to:In education:* Professor of a technical subject like dance or civil engineering at a university* A teacher of a specialised subject that involves skill**flight instructor**drill instructor**Physical Training Instructor...
in surgery
Surgery
Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
.
Even later, he became its associate dean and associate clinical professor of surgery.
He was a vice president of the New York Academy of Medicine
New York Academy of Medicine
The New York Academy of Medicine was founded in 1847 by a group of leading New York City metropolitan area physicians as a voice for the medical profession in medical practice and public health reform...
. While researching gastroenterological surgery, he conducted long-term studies at Roosevelt Hospital and Presbyterian Hospital
NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital
NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital is a prominent university hospital in New York City affiliated with two Ivy League medical schools: Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons and Cornell University's Weill Medical College. It is composed of two distinct medical centers, Columbia...
. He also was president of Morristown Memorial Hospital in New Jersey
Morristown, New Jersey
Morristown is a town in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the town population was 18,411. It is the county seat of Morris County. Morristown became characterized as "the military capital of the American Revolution" because of its strategic role in the...
.
During World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
he was a captain of the Medical Reserve Corps
Medical Reserve Corps
The Medical Reserve Corps is a network in the U.S. of community-based units initiated and established by local organizations to meet the public health needs of their communities. It is sponsored by the Office of the Surgeon General of the United States...
. He spoke publicly supporting medical preparedness and urging physicians to join the war effort.
He was a published clinician in peer-reviewed journals, who often was invited to read the results of his clinical studies before many medical organizations and associations in the United States and Canada. He contributed to the Annals of Surgery
Annals of Surgery
The Annals of Surgery is a monthly review journal of surgical science and practice. It was started in 1885.-External links:** @ PubMed Central...
.
Career
In 1898 van Beuren was awarded a bachelor of arts degree by Yale UniversityYale University
Yale University is a private, Ivy League university located in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701 in the Colony of Connecticut, the university is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States...
and in 1902 he was graduated from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, with a degree
Doctor of Medicine
Doctor of Medicine is a doctoral degree for physicians. The degree is granted by medical schools...
in medicine
Medicine
Medicine is the science and art of healing. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
. Within ten years he was chief of staff at his alma mater
Alma mater
Alma mater , pronounced ), was used in ancient Rome as a title for various mother goddesses, especially Ceres or Cybele, and in Christianity for the Virgin Mary.-General term:...
's surgery clinic
Clinic
A clinic is a health care facility that is primarily devoted to the care of outpatients...
and teaching surgery at the university.
In April 1910 he was elected a fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine where he served as recording secretary (1916–1919), as vice-president (1925–1927), and as a member of the committee on admission (1922–1927), which selected the candidates offered admission. He was given another position at the academy as a member of the committee on medical education in 1926. He also served on the program committee and the building committee.
Active in community public health
Public health
Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals" . It is concerned with threats to health based on population health...
activities and services including free clinics and emergency planning, during World War I van Beuren served as a captain in the federal Medical Reserve Corps that became part of the Council on National Defense
Council of National Defense
The Council of National Defense was a United States organization formed during World War I to coordinate resources and industry in support of the war effort, including the coordination of transportation, industrial and farm production, financial support for the war, and public...
(1915–1937), which was organized under the U.S. Army with national leaders who sat on a council that reported directly to the president of the United States. Members of the corps created the national planning to assure that adequate medical services would be available during emergencies, including periods of war. In 1917, members of the Medical Reserve Corps became members of the Medical Officers' Reserve Corps, for the war years, before reverting to their peacetime emergency planning role after the armistice in 1918. In this capacity, Captain van Beuren was invited to attend the semi-annual meeting of the Essex County Medical Society on June 5, 1917 in Elizabethtown, New York
Elizabethtown, New York
Elizabethtown is a town in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 1,315 at the 2000 census. The county seat of Essex County is a hamlet also called Elizabethtown. The name is derived from Elizabeth Gilliland, the wife of an early settler....
as a speaker presented during their Scientific Program. He "...spoke on Medical Preparedness and the need of the National Government for medical men at the present time..." and "...a rising vote of thanks was extended..."
He was assistant attending surgeon at Lincoln Hospital (1910–1913) and at Roosevelt Hospital
St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center
St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, an academic affiliate of Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, is a 1,076-bed, full-service community and tertiary care hospital serving New York City’s Midtown West, Upper West Side and parts of Harlem....
(1913–1921). He was attending surgeon at Volunteer Hospital (1915–1917) and at Sloane Hospital for Women
Sloane Hospital for Women
The Sloane Hospital for Women is the obstetrics and gynecology service within New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City....
(1920–1938). After he had become associate dean at his alma mater (1921–1934), the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, beginning in 1929, he held the position of associate clinical professor of surgery there as well. In 1933 he became president of Morristown Memorial Hospital in New Jersey, another position he held until his death.
He was associate visiting surgeon at Presbyterian Hospital, where for twenty-four years, he conducted clinical research into surgical techniques and equipment. His assessment of that research was read before the New York Surgical Society on February 24, 1943. He also was consulting surgeon at Elizabeth A. Horton Memorial Hospital at Middletown, New York
Middletown, Orange County, New York
Middletown is a city in Orange County, New York, United States. It lies in New York's Hudson Valley region, near the Wallkill River and the foothills of the Shawangunk Mountains. Middletown is situated between Port Jervis and Newburgh, New York. The city's population was 25,388 at the 2000 census...
, which now is known as Orange Regional Medical Center.
He was a diplomate of the American Board of Surgery
American Board of Surgery
The American Board of Surgery is an independent, non-profit organization based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania founded for the purpose of certifying surgeons who have met a defined standard of education, training and knowledge...
, a fellow of the American College of Surgeons
American College of Surgeons
The American College of Surgeons is an educational association of surgeons created in 1913 to improve the quality of care for the surgical patient by setting high standards for surgical education and practice.-Membership:...
, a fellow of the American Medical Association
American Medical Association
The American Medical Association , founded in 1847 and incorporated in 1897, is the largest association of medical doctors and medical students in the United States.-Scope and operations:...
. He also was a member of the American Surgical Association
American Surgical Association
The American Surgical Association is the nation's "oldest and most prestigious surgical organization".-History:It was founded in 1880. Their publication, Annals of Surgery, was started in 1885.- Heads :*Edward Mott Moore...
, a member of the Medical Society of New Jersey, the Medical Society of the State of New York, the Morris County Medical Society, and the New York County Medical Society
New York County Medical Society
The New York County Medical Society is a professional membership organization for physicians who live or work in the Borough of Manhattan. As such, it is part of the larger network of medical organizations which includes the American Medical Association and the Medical Society of the State of New...
.
Many of his illustration
Illustration
An illustration is a displayed visualization form presented as a drawing, painting, photograph or other work of art that is created to elucidate or dictate sensual information by providing a visual representation graphically.- Early history :The earliest forms of illustration were prehistoric...
s regarding clinical methods, procedures, tools, and techniques also were used in published works in the field of surgery
Surgery
Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
, teaching surgeons new techniques he developed or advised in the emerging field of modern surgery that was made possible through anesthesia
Anesthesia
Anesthesia, or anaesthesia , traditionally meant the condition of having sensation blocked or temporarily taken away...
and aseptic procedures
Aseptic technique
Aseptic technique refers to a procedure that is performed under sterile conditions. This includes medical and laboratory techniques, such as with microbiological cultures. It includes techniques like flame sterilization...
. Many of his clinical studies were in the field of gastroenterological surgery
Gastroenterology
Gastroenterology is the branch of medicine whereby the digestive system and its disorders are studied. The name is a combination of three Ancient Greek words gaster , enteron , and logos...
, documenting the scientific
Scientific method
Scientific method refers to a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on gathering empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of...
data he gathered to advance medical knowledge about and to enable better diagnoses
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is the identification of the nature and cause of anything. Diagnosis is used in many different disciplines with variations in the use of logics, analytics, and experience to determine the cause and effect relationships...
and choices of treatment for conditions that often resulted in the deaths of patients.
He died at Morristown Memorial Hospital in New Jersey, where he was its president. The New York Times was alerted about his death by the New Jersey newspapers and the Times published an obituary. His death was noted in many professional journals. Science
Science (journal)
Science is the academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and is one of the world's top scientific journals....
, the journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
American Association for the Advancement of Science
The American Association for the Advancement of Science is an international non-profit organization with the stated goals of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting scientific education and science outreach for the...
, also published an obituary.
Family
He is a descendant of Johannes van Beuren, who was born in Holland in 1678 and died in ManhattanManhattan
Manhattan is the oldest and the most densely populated of the five boroughs of New York City. Located primarily on the island of Manhattan at the mouth of the Hudson River, the boundaries of the borough are identical to those of New York County, an original county of the state of New York...
in 1755, a prominent Dutch settler
Dutch colonization of the Americas
Dutch trading posts and plantations in the Americas precede the much wider known colonization activities of the Dutch in Asia. Whereas the first Dutch fort in Asia was built in 1600 , the first forts and settlements on the Essequibo river in Guyana and on the Amazon date from the 1590s...
in North America who was very prosperous and acquired large tracts of land in what now are Manhattan, Connecticut
Connecticut
Connecticut is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, and the state of New York to the west and the south .Connecticut is named for the Connecticut River, the major U.S. river that approximately...
, and New Jersey
New Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. , its population was 8,791,894. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware...
. He was a physician, who had been educated at the University of Leyden, Leyden, South Holland, The Netherlands, http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~rclarke/page1/vbeuren2.htm and immigrated
Immigration
Immigration is the act of foreigners passing or coming into a country for the purpose of permanent residence...
to North America in 1700 from Amsterdam. The genealogy
Genealogy
Genealogy is the study of families and the tracing of their lineages and history. Genealogists use oral traditions, historical records, genetic analysis, and other records to obtain information about a family and to demonstrate kinship and pedigrees of its members...
of his descendants lists several physicians educated in the United States. The original, related, Spingler family home in Manhattan is a historic site
Historic preservation
Historic preservation is an endeavor that seeks to preserve, conserve and protect buildings, objects, landscapes or other artifacts of historical significance...
. Members of later generations of the family resided in structures that were considered landmarks in the community as well. Morristown, New Jersey, the county seat, is recorded as the birthplace of many members of the family as well as Manhattan.
When Frederic van Beuren was growing up his family resided in Manhattan, but maintained other residences. The family had large tracts of land in Morris County
Morris County, New Jersey
Morris County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Jersey, about west of New York City. According to the United States 2010 Census, the population was 492,276. It is part of the New York Metropolitan Area. Its county seat is Morristown....
that were supported by a farm on the parcel that measures several square miles. This New Vernon
New Vernon, New Jersey
New Vernon is an unincorporated area located in Harding Township in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. The village is within the boundaries of Harding Township along with a portion of Green Village. It is the location of the governmental offices for Harding Township...
property would become a primary residence for him later in his life. The farm was located on what now is van Beuren Road. The eponymous road divided the property and, after passing near to Silver Lake, reaches Blue Mill Road via a bridge over one of the two tributaries that form the lake.
A family retreat from the city existed on the property, a massive shingled structure
Shingle Style architecture
The Shingle style is an American architectural style made popular by the rise of the New England school of architecture, which eschewed the highly ornamented patterns of the Eastlake style in Queen Anne architecture....
on Spring Valley Road. During the latter part of the nineteenth century wealthy members of the Manhattan blue book
Social Register
Specific to the United States, the Social Register is a directory of names and addresses of prominent American families who form the social elite, . The "Directory" automatically includes the President of the United States and the First Family, and in the past always included the U.S. Senators and...
society built so many luxurious mansions in the Morristown area that it became labeled "the inland Newport
Newport, Rhode Island
Newport is a city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about south of Providence. Known as a New England summer resort and for the famous Newport Mansions, it is the home of Salve Regina University and Naval Station Newport which houses the United States Naval War...
" as recreational uses expanded to the mountainous areas (in contrast to the seaside sites to the east of Manhattan). Jessica van Beuren told her granddaughter, Liz, that after a trip across the Hudson River
Hudson River
The Hudson is a river that flows from north to south through eastern New York. The highest official source is at Lake Tear of the Clouds, on the slopes of Mount Marcy in the Adirondack Mountains. The river itself officially begins in Henderson Lake in Newcomb, New York...
, it was a four-hour carriage ride to these properties until the Vanderbilts
Vanderbilt family
The Vanderbilt family is an American family of Dutch origin prominent during the Gilded Age. It started off with the shipping and railroad empires of Cornelius Vanderbilt, and expanded into various other areas of industry and philanthropy...
constructed a rail line to reach the area. At that time the shingled structure in New Vernon was renovated into a brick structure that is described as one of the notable mansions of the area. It has four stories that included a basement through which a brook ran for fresh water and had household servant quarters on the fourth floor. Four other houses on the property served as living quarters for specialized and managerial staff members for the estate, stables, and farm.
At the age of thirty, on May 26, 1906, he married Jessica T. Mohlman and after a "grand tour
Grand Tour
The Grand Tour was the traditional trip of Europe undertaken by mainly upper-class European young men of means. The custom flourished from about 1660 until the advent of large-scale rail transit in the 1840s, and was associated with a standard itinerary. It served as an educational rite of passage...
" honeymoon of Europe, they took up residence on Park Avenue
Park Avenue (Manhattan)
Park Avenue is a wide boulevard that carries north and southbound traffic in New York City borough of Manhattan. Through most of its length, it runs parallel to Madison Avenue to the west and Lexington Avenue to the east....
relatively near to the home of his parents. Later they moved to a Fifth Avenue home they retained throughout their lives. Eventually, they spent more time in New Vernon and, in 1933, when van Beuren became the president of Morristown Memorial Hospital, the house facing Spring Valley Road became their primary residence.
Their sons became entrepreneurs, John M. van Beuren an electronics engineer, founded Quan-Tech Laboratories in New Jersey that developed electronic measurement instruments crucial for space exploration because they could predict the life expectancy of resistors, transistors, and diodes and Michael van Beuren an industrial designer who became a Bauhaus
Bauhaus
', commonly known simply as Bauhaus, was a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933. At that time the German term stood for "School of Building".The Bauhaus school was founded by...
furniture designer with international recognition
opened his design studio and a furniture factory in Mexico near another family residence in Cuernavaca.