Ford CHT engine
Encyclopedia
The letters CHT denote a particular type of 4-cylinder internal combustion engine
produced by the Ford Motor Company
in Brazil
during the 1980s. It is a completely different engine from the CVH
engine and should not be mistaken with it. Contrary to the CVH, the CHT was very economical, had a very smooth and low noise profile, inherited from its Renault design.
The CHT (Compound High Turbulence) engine was introduced by Ford in 1984 in the Mark 3 version of the Ford Escort, the first of the series to be released in Brazil
. It was later used in the Ford Del Rey
, the Ford Verona
(a Brazilian Ford Orion
), as well as the Volkswagen
Gol
.
The engine itself is an evolution of the very efficient Renault
Ventoux engine
, which Ford
inherited upon buying the Brazilian Willys
/Renault
plant in the late 1960s. It has 8 overhead valves OHV
, and featured a rotating valve design.
The basis of the engine was to create an internal turbulence inside the piston chambers so that a higher percent of the fuel is burnt. It was very robust and economic with modest performance compared to the competing Volkswagen EA-827, having lower HP, but generally higher average Torque, with the bar much straighter and next to the maximum at any RPM than a similar AP engine. Torque was the CHT engine advantage, being capable to run without much loss of power in very low or high RPM.
It was available too running on Ethanol , which generated at least 10% more power than the petrol model, with about 25% increase on the fuel consumption. It had no problems at all for cold starts and high fuel consumption unlike any other ethanol powered engines.
Three models were originally available:
Later, the engine was tuned for better HP figures and fuel efficience:
In 1987, with the release of the Mark 4 Ford Escort, this engine benefited from some revisions, resulting in the CHT E-Max (maximised economy) version. All the new models featured better torque.
In 1992, a smaller version was released for the Escort and the Gol:
During the Autolatina
period (1987–1996) VW
used this engine, naming it AE-1600 and AE-1000, but it is basically the same engine. AE = Alta Economia (High Economy).
The CHT 1.6 2nd generation engine received the award of most economical engine of its time, capable of running 17.1 km with one liter of petrol.
In 1996 and 1997 the CHT was gradually replaced by the Volkswagen EA-827 and the new Volkswagen EA-111, in the VW cars, or the newer Zetec-SE
16-valve unit and the older Endura-E engine, in the Ford cars.
Engine
An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert energy into useful mechanical motion. Heat engines, including internal combustion engines and external combustion engines burn a fuel to create heat which is then used to create motion...
produced by the Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. The automaker was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. In addition to the Ford and Lincoln brands, Ford also owns a small stake in Mazda in Japan and Aston Martin in the UK...
in Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
during the 1980s. It is a completely different engine from the CVH
Ford CVH engine
The letters CVH denote a particular type of 4-cylinder internal combustion engine produced by the Ford Motor Company during the 1980s and 1990s....
engine and should not be mistaken with it. Contrary to the CVH, the CHT was very economical, had a very smooth and low noise profile, inherited from its Renault design.
The CHT (Compound High Turbulence) engine was introduced by Ford in 1984 in the Mark 3 version of the Ford Escort, the first of the series to be released in Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
. It was later used in the Ford Del Rey
Ford Del Rey
The Ford Del Rey is a midsized car produced by the Ford Motor Company in Brazil from 1981 to 1991. It was a remake from the popular Ford Corcel II. Like the Ford Corcel II, the Del Rey was designed exclusively for Brazil, but was sold in Chile, Uruguay and Paraguay as well...
, the Ford Verona
Ford Verona
The Ford Verona was a car sold in Brazil in the 1990s. It was a locally designed two-door saloon version of the European Ford Orion Mk 1, intended to cater to Brazilian demand for two-door sedans...
(a Brazilian Ford Orion
Ford Orion
The Ford Orion is a saloon car built by the automaker Ford for the European market from 22 July 1983 until 19 September 1993. A total of 3,534,239 Orions were sold throughout the car's 10-year life....
), as well as the Volkswagen
Volkswagen
Volkswagen is a German automobile manufacturer and is the original and biggest-selling marque of the Volkswagen Group, which now also owns the Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, SEAT, and Škoda marques and the truck manufacturer Scania.Volkswagen means "people's car" in German, where it is...
Gol
Volkswagen Gol
The Volkswagen Gol is a subcompact car manufactured by Volkswagen do Brasil since 1980 as Volkswagen's entry-level car in the South American market—where it succeeded the South American VW Beetle ...
.
The engine itself is an evolution of the very efficient Renault
Renault
Renault S.A. is a French automaker producing cars, vans, and in the past, autorail vehicles, trucks, tractors, vans and also buses/coaches. Its alliance with Nissan makes it the world's third largest automaker...
Ventoux engine
Renault Ventoux engine
The Ventoux was an automotive engine designed by Renault for the Renault 4CV, used subsequently until 1997, and named after Mont Ventoux in Provence....
, which Ford
Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. The automaker was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. In addition to the Ford and Lincoln brands, Ford also owns a small stake in Mazda in Japan and Aston Martin in the UK...
inherited upon buying the Brazilian Willys
Willys
Willys was the brand name used by Willys-Overland Motors, an American automobile company best known for its design and production of military Jeeps and civilian versions during the 20th century.-Early History:In 1908, John Willys bought the Overland Automotive Division of Standard Wheel Company...
/Renault
Renault
Renault S.A. is a French automaker producing cars, vans, and in the past, autorail vehicles, trucks, tractors, vans and also buses/coaches. Its alliance with Nissan makes it the world's third largest automaker...
plant in the late 1960s. It has 8 overhead valves OHV
Overhead valve
An overhead valve engine, also informally called pushrod engine or I-head engine, is a type of piston engine that places the camshaft within the cylinder block , and uses pushrods or rods to actuate rocker arms above the cylinder...
, and featured a rotating valve design.
The basis of the engine was to create an internal turbulence inside the piston chambers so that a higher percent of the fuel is burnt. It was very robust and economic with modest performance compared to the competing Volkswagen EA-827, having lower HP, but generally higher average Torque, with the bar much straighter and next to the maximum at any RPM than a similar AP engine. Torque was the CHT engine advantage, being capable to run without much loss of power in very low or high RPM.
It was available too running on Ethanol , which generated at least 10% more power than the petrol model, with about 25% increase on the fuel consumption. It had no problems at all for cold starts and high fuel consumption unlike any other ethanol powered engines.
Three models were originally available:
- 1.6 petrol (65 hp)
- 1.6 Ethanol (74 hp)
- 1.6 XR Ethanol (83 hp) for the Escort XR3
Later, the engine was tuned for better HP figures and fuel efficience:
- 1.6 petrol (74 hp)
- 1.6 Ethanol (86 hp)
In 1987, with the release of the Mark 4 Ford Escort, this engine benefited from some revisions, resulting in the CHT E-Max (maximised economy) version. All the new models featured better torque.
In 1992, a smaller version was released for the Escort and the Gol:
- 1.0 petrol (50 hp)
During the Autolatina
Autolatina
AutoLatina was the name of a joint venture between Volkswagen Group subsidiary Volkswagen do Brasil and Ford Motor Company subsidiary Ford do Brasil in South America...
period (1987–1996) VW
Volkswagen
Volkswagen is a German automobile manufacturer and is the original and biggest-selling marque of the Volkswagen Group, which now also owns the Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, SEAT, and Škoda marques and the truck manufacturer Scania.Volkswagen means "people's car" in German, where it is...
used this engine, naming it AE-1600 and AE-1000, but it is basically the same engine. AE = Alta Economia (High Economy).
The CHT 1.6 2nd generation engine received the award of most economical engine of its time, capable of running 17.1 km with one liter of petrol.
In 1996 and 1997 the CHT was gradually replaced by the Volkswagen EA-827 and the new Volkswagen EA-111, in the VW cars, or the newer Zetec-SE
Ford Sigma engine
The Ford Sigma is a small straight-4 automobile engine sold by Ford Motor Company. First evolution of engines were sold as the "Zetec-SE" . After the upgrade Ford renamed Sigma to Duratec. Last upgrade of engine is named Duratec Ti-VCT...
16-valve unit and the older Endura-E engine, in the Ford cars.