Football in Russia
Encyclopedia
When the USSR broke down into 15 different countries, the once renowned sports structure collapsed as well. Football
Football (soccer)
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball...

was one of the most popular sports in the Soviet Union. While the national teams and the clubs used to be linked to state institutions or mass organizations, in 1991 they became private enterprises. Just like in many other spheres of business, corrupt and sometimes bloody division of power began. Furthermore, many teams of the erstwhile Soviet Top League
Soviet Top League
The Soviet Top League since 1970 was officially known as the Supreme League serving as the top division of Soviet Union football since 1936.It was one of the best football leagues in Europe ranking second among the UEFA members in 1988-1989 seasons...

, which was once considered to be one of the strongest and was able to compete with those of England
Football in England
Association football is a national sport in England, where the first modern set of rules for the code were established in 1863, which were a major influence on the development of the modern Laws of the Game...

 and Italy
Football in Italy
Football is the most popular sport in Italy. The Italian national football team has won the FIFA World Cup 4 times , trailing only Brazil . Italy's club sides have won 27 major European trophies, making them the most successful European nation in the subject of football...

, were now in divided between the national football associations of the newly independent republics. Many of the top brand names lost their financing from the government and were left to rot, waiting for some forms of sponsorship. Citizens of Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...

 are interested mostly in the national team
Russia national football team
The Russia national football team represents Russia in association football and is controlled by the Russian Football Union , the governing body for football in Russia. Russia's home grounds are Luzhniki Stadium, Lokomotiv Stadium , and Petrovsky Stadium in St.Petersburg and their head coach is...

 that gets to compete in the World Cup and the European Championship
UEFA European Football Championship
The UEFA European Football Championship is the main football competition of the men's national football teams governed by UEFA . Held every four years since 1960, in the even-numbered year between World Cup tournaments, it was originally called the UEFA European Nations Cup, changing to the current...

, and in the Premier league, where clubs from different cities look to become champions of Russia. There are also competitions considered less important, such as the Russian Cup. Some of the most famous clubs include Spartak Moscow
FC Spartak Moscow
FC Spartak Moscow is a Russian football club from Moscow. Having won 12 Soviet championships and 9 of 19 Russian championships they are one of the country's most successful clubs. They have also won the Soviet Cup 10 times and the Russian Cup 3 times...

, Lokomotiv Moscow
FC Lokomotiv Moscow
The following years were rather successful as Lokomotiv were consistent in the national championships. However, performances after World War II suffered and actually in the space of five year Lokomotiv were relegated to the Soviet First League twice. In 1951, Lokomotiv came second and eventually...

, CSKA Moscow, Zenit St. Petersburg
FC Zenit Saint Petersburg
Football Club Zenit is a Russian football club from the city of Saint-Petersburg. Founded in 1925 , the club plays in the Russian Premier League...

, Dynamo Moscow
FC Dynamo Moscow
Dynamo Moscow is a Russian football club based in Moscow, currently playing in the Russian Premier League. Dynamo's traditional kit colours are blue and white...

. There are in fact six teams in the Premier League from the city of Moscow as it was the first city to recover from the destruction of the old system.

Due to the large extension of the country, the top Russian division and its European
European Russia
European Russia refers to the western areas of Russia that lie within Europe, comprising roughly 3,960,000 square kilometres , larger in area than India, and spanning across 40% of Europe. Its eastern border is defined by the Ural Mountains and in the south it is defined by the border with...

-based clubs have often had problems adjusting to having to play clubs from Siberia
Siberia
Siberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...

, particularly those from the Far East, such as Okean Nakhodka, Luch-Energia Vladivostok and SKA-Energia Khabarovsk. Although it is very rare that a Far Eastern club competes for the Russian league title or spots in UEFA
UEFA
The Union of European Football Associations , almost always referred to by its acronym UEFA is the administrative and controlling body for European association football, futsal and beach soccer....

 competitions, European-based teams often complain about lost matches due to jet lag or other such factors.

Today, football is the number one sport in the country. A very high proportion of men are interested in it to a certain extent (and many children play it regularly) and women also join men when it comes to the national team. The Russian league is rapidly regaining its former strength because of huge sponsorship deals, an influx of finances and a fairly high degree of competitiveness with roughly 10 teams capable of winning the title. Many notable talented foreign players have been and are playing in the Russian league as well as local talented players worthy of a spot in the starting eleven of the best clubs. The relegation battles are also competitive and considered very exciting.

The Russian national team gained attention when they beat traditional European powerhouses The Netherlands 3-1 in the Euro 2008 quarterfinals before losing to eventual champions Spain. Nevertheless, four players made the Team of the Tournament. Some players such as Andrei Arshavin and Roman Pavlyuchenko
Roman Pavlyuchenko
Roman Anatolyevich Pavlyuchenko is an footballer who currently plays as a centre forward for English Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur and for the Russian national team.-Spartak Moscow:...

 earned big-money moves to the English Barclays Premier League after impressing at the tournament.

Thus now the Russian Premier League are among the best in Eastern Europe, as evidenced by recent victories in the UEFA Cup
UEFA Cup
The UEFA Europa League is an annual association football cup competition organised by UEFA since 1971 for eligible European football clubs. It is the second most prestigious European club football contest after the UEFA Champions League...

 (CSKA Moscow defeated Sporting CP in the 2005 final and Zenit St. Petersburg
FC Zenit Saint Petersburg
Football Club Zenit is a Russian football club from the city of Saint-Petersburg. Founded in 1925 , the club plays in the Russian Premier League...

 earned a victory over Rangers F.C.
Rangers F.C.
Rangers Football Club are an association football club based in Glasgow, Scotland, who play in the Scottish Premier League. The club are nicknamed the Gers, Teddy Bears and the Light Blues, and the fans are known to each other as bluenoses...

 in the 2008 UEFA Cup
2008 UEFA Cup Final
The 2008 UEFA Cup Final was the 37th final of the UEFA Cup, UEFA's second tier club football tournament. The match was played at the City of Manchester Stadium, home ground of Manchester City F.C., in Manchester, England, at 20:45 CEST on 14 May 2008.The match was contested by Zenit St. Petersburg...

 in Manchester) and also claimed the UEFA Super Cup
2008 UEFA Super Cup
The 2008 UEFA Super Cup was the 33rd UEFA Super Cup, a football match played between the winners of the previous season's UEFA Champions League and UEFA Cup competitions. The 2008 competition was contested by Manchester United of England, who won the 2007–08 UEFA Champions League, and Zenit St....

 in a 2-1 win over Manchester United.

Hosting the World Cup

On December 2nd, 2010, Russia was awarded the FIFA World Cup 2018. Russia will host the tournament for the first time.

League system

The first level of the Russian league system is the 16-club Premier League
Russian Premier League
The Russian Premier League , currently called SOGAZ Russian Football Championship due to sponsorship reasons, is the top division of Russian football. There are 16 teams in the competition...

. Below it are the First Division and Second Division
Russian Second Division
The Russian Second Division is the third level of Russian professional football.In 1998–2010, it was run by the Professional Football League....

, administered by the Professional Football League. The First Division consists of 22 clubs, and the Second Division is split geographically into five zones (West, Centre, South, Ural-Povolzhye, and East) with varying number of clubs. The total number of clubs in the Second Division is 73. After each season, top two clubs of the First Division replace bottom two clubs of the Premier League, and champions of each Second Division zone replace five bottom clubs of the First Division. A championship between youth teams of Premier League clubs also exists.

The Second Division is the lowest level of professional football in Russia. The next level of football is the Amateur Football League, which is split into ten zones: Northwest, Golden Ring, Moscow, Podmoskovye (Moscow region), Chernozemye (Black Earth region), South, Privolzhye (Volga region), Ural and West Siberia, Siberia, and Far East. After each season, the bottom finishers of each Second Division zone are relegated to the Amateur Football League, and the winners of each Amateur Football League are eligible for promotion to the Second Division, subject to meeting Professional Football League requirements.

Seven of the Amateur Football League zones are using one-tier system. The rest (Moscow, Podmoskovye, and Siberia) consist of two divisions with promotion and relegation
Promotion and relegation
In many sports leagues around the world, promotion and relegation is a process that takes place at the end of each season. Through it, teams are transferred between divisions based on their performance that season...

. This means that a newly created team can enter the Russian league system at the fourth level and reach the Premier League in three years.

There are also championships of federal subjects
Federal subjects of Russia
Russia is a federation which, since March 1, 2008, consists of 83 federal subjects . In 1993, when the Constitution was adopted, there were 89 federal subjects listed...

. These competitions that are not part of the league system; clubs can enter the Amateur Football League without participation in them.

Cup competitions

The main cup competition in Russia is the Russian Cup. Only professional clubs take part in it.

There is also an Amateur Football League Cup, a competition for the Amateur Football League clubs. The winners of this cup are eligible for promotion to the Second Division.

Cups of federal subjects are also played.

European competitions

The Russian League is regarded as the 6th strongest league in Europe, based on its teams performances in European Competition.
Russian club sides constantly compete in the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Cup. In the last four years Russia has won three major European trophies. These are CSKA Moscow 2004/05 UEFA Cup and Zenit St.Petersburg's UEFA Cup 2007/08 and UEFA Super Cup 2007/08 Triumphs.

Current ranking (2009-10 UEFA competitions)

Correct as of May 21, 2008
Rank
09/10
Rank
08/09
Mvmt League 2003/2004 2004/2005 2005/2006 2006/2007 2007/2008 Coeff. CL
UEFA Champions League
The UEFA Champions League, known simply the Champions League and originally known as the European Champion Clubs' Cup or European Cup, is an annual international club football competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations since 1955 for the top football clubs in Europe. It...

 places
EL places
1 2 +1   England 11.250 15.571 14.428 16.625 17.875 75.749 4 3
2 1 -1   Spain
La Liga
The Primera División of the Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional , commonly known as La Liga or, for sponsorship reasons, Liga BBVA since 2008, is the top professional association football division of the Spanish football league system...

14.312 12.437 15.642 19.000 13.875 75.266
3 3   Italy
Serie A
Serie A , now called Serie A TIM due to sponsorship by Telecom Italia, is a professional league competition for football clubs located at the top of the Italian football league system and has been operating for over eighty years since 1929. It had been organized by Lega Calcio until 2010, but a new...

8.875 14.000 15.357 11.928 10.250 60.410
4 4   France
Ligue 1
Ligue 1 , is the French professional league for association football clubs. It is the country's primary football competition and serves as the top division of the French football league system. Ligue 1 is one of two divisions making up the Ligue de Football Professionnel, the other being Ligue 2....

13.500 11.428 10.812 10.000 6.928 52.668 3
5 5   Germany
Fußball-Bundesliga
The Fußball-Bundesliga is a professional association football league in Germany. At the top of Germany's football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. It is contested by 18 teams and operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the 2. Bundesliga...

4.714 10.571 10.437 9.500 13.500 48.722
6 9 +3   Russia
Russian Premier League
The Russian Premier League , currently called SOGAZ Russian Football Championship due to sponsorship reasons, is the top division of Russian football. There are 16 teams in the competition...

5.875 10.000 10.000 6.625 11.250 43.750
7 7   Romania
Liga I
Liga I, or in full, due to sponsorship reasons, Liga I Bergenbier, is the top division of the Romanian football league system. Before the 2006/2007 season, it was called Divizia A, but the name had to be changed following the discovery that someone else had registered the trademark "Divizia A"...

4.333 5.500 16.833 11.333 2.600 40.599 2 4
8 6 -2   Portugal
Portuguese Liga
The Primeira Liga , formerly called Primeira Divisão, currently named Liga ZON Sagres after their main sponsors, is the top professional association football division of the Portuguese football league system...

10.250 8.166 5.500 8.083 7.928 39.927
9 8 -1   Netherlands
Eredivisie
The Eredivisie is the highest football league in the Netherlands. The league was founded in 1956 two years after the start of professional football in the Netherlands. It is currently ranked the ninth best league in Europe by UEFA....

5.416 12.000 7.583 8.214 5.000 38.213
10 10   Scotland
Scottish Premier League
The Scottish Premier League , also known as the SPL , is a professional league competition for association football clubs in Scotland...

7.375 4.750 4.250 6.750 10.250 33.375 3
11 14 +3   Turkey
Turkcell Super League
The Süper Lig is a Turkish professional league for association football clubs. It is the top-flight of the Turkish football league system. It is one of the top leagues in the UEFA confederation and the winner of the competition automatically qualifies for the UEFA Champions League...

6.500 5.375 4.000 6.100 9.750 31.725
12 11 -1   Ukraine
Ukrainian Premier League
The Ukrainian Premier League is the highest division of Ukrainian annual football championship. As the Supreme League it was founded in 1991 after the fold of the Soviet Union's Vysshaya Liga. In 2008 it was reformed into a more autonomous entity of the Football Federation of Ukraine and changed...

4.875 8.100 5.750 6.500 4.875 30.100
13 12 -1   Belgium 5.875 6.125 5.500 4.700 4.500 26.700
14 15 +1   Greece
Super League Greece
The Superleague Greece is the highest professional football league in Greece. It was formed on July 16, 2006 and replaced Alpha Ethniki at the top of the Greek football league system. The league consists of 16 teams and runs from August to May, with teams playing 30 games each...

4.166 6.166 3.333 4.666 7.500 25.831
15 13 -2   Czech Republic
Gambrinus Liga
The Gambrinus liga is a Czech professional league for football clubs. At the top of the Czech football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. It is contested by 16 clubs, operating a system of promotion and relegation with the Czech 2. Liga. Seasons run from August to May,...

7.375 2.875 4.625 5.750 5.125 25.750
16 17 +1   Switzerland
Swiss Super League
The Swiss Super League or Axpo Super League is the top tier of the Swiss Football League. The Swiss Super League is currently ranked 16th according to UEFA's ranking of league coefficients, which is based upon Swiss team performances in European competitions.-Names:-Participating clubs:The teams...

1.875 2.625 9.375 4.100 6.250 24.225 1 3
17 16 -1   Bulgaria
Bulgarian A Professional Football Group
The Bulgarian A Professional Football Group commonly known as A PFG is the top division of the Bulgarian football league system. The league is sponsored by Victoria FATA Insurance and therefore is officially known as Victoria A Football Group since 2011...

4.166 2.375 8.750 5.125 2.750 23.166
18 18   Norway
Norwegian Premier League
Tippeligaen is a Norwegian professional league for association football clubs. At the top of the Norwegian football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. The league is also unofficially known under its neutral name Eliteserien , although the name has never been official...

6.125 3.500 5.400 2.000 5.400 22.425
19 21 +2   Denmark
Danish Superliga
The Danish Superliga is the current Danish football championship tournament, and administered by the Danish Football Association. It is the highest association football league in Denmark and is currently contested by 12 teams each year, with 2 teams to be relegated, which proves to be one of the...

4.200 1.500 3.500 6.125 5.125 20.450
20 22 +2   Austria 2.125 7.625 3.250 1.500 3.200 17.700
21 20 -1   Serbia
Serbian Superliga
Serbian SuperLiga is a Serbian professional league for football clubs. At the top of the Serbian football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. It is contested by 16 clubs, operating a system of promotion and relegation with the Serbian First League...

4.500 4.250 3.250 2.125 2.625 16.750
22 19 -3   Israel 2.250 3.625 1.500 6.000 2.375 15.750
23 28 +5   Sweden
Allsvenskan
Allsvenskan is a Swedish professional league for association football clubs. At the top of the Swedish football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. Contested by 16 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Superettan...

1.500 3.000 2.666 1.125 5.400 13.691
24 25 +1   Slovakia 2.500 1.333 4.333 2.000 2.166 12.332
25 23 -2   Poland 4.125 2.500 1.125 2.625 1.666 12.041
26 24 -2   Hungary
Hungarian League
The Nemzeti Bajnokság is a Hungarian professional league for association football clubs. The league is currently known as the OTP Bank Liga for sponsorship reasons, and it is the highest level of professional league since its inception in 1901. UEFA currently ranks the league 35th in Europe.Sixteen...

4.833 4.166 1.000 1.000 1.000 11.999
27 26 -1   Croatia 3.625 3.000 0.333 1.000 3.666 11.624
28 27 -1   Cyprus
Cypriot First Division
The Cypriot Championship First Division is the top tier football league competition in Cyprus. As of 2007 it is sponsored by Marfin Popular Bank and is hence officially known as Marfin Laiki League .-Format:...

1.333 1.333 3.000 1.750 2.666 10.082
29 29   Slovenia
PrvaLiga Telekom Slovenije
Slovenian First Football League also known by the abbreviation 1. SNL, is the main football league in Slovenia, and was formed in 1991 after Slovenia became an independent country. From 1920 until the end of the 1990–91 season, the Slovenian Republic League was a lower division of the Yugoslavian...

2.166 3.500 2.333 1.250 0.666 9.915
30 33 +3   Finland
Veikkausliiga
Veikkausliiga is the premier division of Finnish football, comprising the top 12 clubs of the country. Veikkausliiga is currently ranked as the 28th best league in Europe. Its main sponsor is the Finnish national betting agency Veikkaus, hence the league's name...

1.666 1.666 2.333 1.333 2.625 9.623
31 31   Latvia
Virsliga
-Past Virslīga winners:-Top scorers:-Riga football league winners:* 1910 Union Riga* 1911 British FC Riga* 1912 Union Riga* 1913 British FC Riga* 1914 British FC Riga* 1915 British FC Riga-Champions of Latvia before Virslīga:* 1922 Ķeizarmežs...

0.833 3.166 1.333 2.166 1.333 8.831
32 30 -2   Bosnia and Herzegovina
Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the top football league in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the country's most prestigious level of football competition currently contested by 16 clubs with last two teams relegated at the end of every season....

1.666 1.666 1.500 1.833 1.833 8.498
33 32 -1   Lithuania
A Lyga
The A Lyga is the top division of professional football in Lithuania. It is organized by LFF . League size has varied between 8 and 12 teams over the past few years; for its 2011 season, the league features 12 teams...

0.833 2.500 1.333 1.833 1.500 7.999
34 34   Moldova
Divizia Nationala
The Moldovan National Division is the top division of association football in Moldova. There are 12 teams in the competition. At the end of the season, the bottom club is relegated to the "A" Division and replaced by the lower league's champion....

1.500 1.500 1.666 1.500 1.333 7.499
35 35   Republic of Ireland 0.333 1.333 1.833 2.833 1.000 7.332
36 38 +2   Macedonia 1.666 0.333 1.500 1.166 1.666 6.331
37 39 +2   Iceland
Landsbankadeild
The Úrvalsdeild karla is the top tier of the Icelandic football pyramid. Because of the harsh winters in Iceland, it is generally played in the spring and summer . It is run by the Football Association of Iceland and is currently comprised by 12 clubs. UEFA currently ranks the league 37th in...

0.500 2.500 0.833 1.000 1.166 5.999
38 36 -2   Georgia
Umaglesi Liga
The Georgian Top League is the top division of football in Georgia. Since 1990, it has been organized by the Professional Football League of Georgia and Georgian Football Federation. From 1927 to 1989, the competition was held as a regional tournament within the Soviet Union...

0.333 2.666 0.666 1.166 1.000 5.831
39 37 -2   Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein football Cup
The Liechtenstein Football Cup is Liechtenstein's premier football competition, and has been organised annually by the Liechtenstein Football Association since 1946. The winner qualifies to take part in the UEFA Europa League....

1
0.000 2.000 1.000 2.000 0.500 5.500 0 1
40 40   Belarus
Belarusian Premier League
-Soviet era champions:*1934 BVO *1935 BVO *1936 BVO *1937 Dinamo *1938 Dinamo *1939 Dinamo *1940 DKA *1941-44 unknown...

0.666 0.500 1.333 1.000 1.833 5.332 1 3
41 42 +1   Estonia
Meistriliiga
Meistriliiga is the highest division of the Estonian Football Association annual football championship. The league was founded in 1991 and the current, 2011 is the league's 21st season...

0.333 0.833 0.833 1.500 0.833 4.332
42 44 +2   Azerbaijan 0.000 0.500 1.333 1.333 0.666 3.832
43 41 -2   Albania 0.333 1.000 1.000 0.833 0.500 3.666
44 43 -1   Armenia
Armenian Premier League
The Armenian Premier League is the top football competition in Armenia. From 1936 to 1991, the competition was held as a regional tournament within the USSR. After independence, the Football Federation of Armenia has been the unit in charge. The seasons run from spring to fall...

0.666 0.500 0.666 0.500 1.333 3.665
45 45   Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan Super League
The Kazakhstan Premier League is the top division of football in Kazakhstan. The League is controlled by the Football Union of Kazakhstan and was set up in 1992. The League is fed into by the First Division, starting spring and finishing in late fall, making each championship correspond to a...

0.166 0.000 1.000 0.666 0.750 2.582
46 46   Northern Ireland 0.500 0.666 0.500 0.166 0.500 2.332
47 47   Wales
League of Wales
The Welsh Premier League is the national football league for Wales. It has both Professional and Semi-Professional status clubs and is at the top of the Welsh football league system. Prior to 2002, the league was known as the League of Wales, but changed its name as part of a sponsorship deal...

0.333 0.000 0.666 0.666 0.666 2.331
48 48   Faroe Islands
Faroe Islands Premier League Football
The Faroe Islands Premier League, the top division of football in the Faroe Islands, was founded in 1942. It is organised by the Faroe Islands Football Association. The league has been known as Vodafonedeildin since February 2009 for sponsorship reasons....

0.000 0.333 0.666 0.500 0.333 1.832
49 49   Luxembourg
Luxembourg National Division
The National Division is the highest football league in Luxembourg. Until 2011, it is to be known as the BGL Ligue, after the Luxembourg Football Federation managed to seal a sponsorship deal with Fortis. Before 2006, it contained twelve teams, but it expanded to fourteen for the 2006-07 season,...

0.166 0.333 0.500 0.166 0.333 1.498
50 50   Malta 0.333 0.333 0.000 0.166 0.000 0.832
51   Montenegro
Montenegrin First League
The First League of Montenegro is the top football league in Montenegro. It is headed by the Football Association of Montenegro. 12 teams participate in this league. The winner of the Montenegrin First League starts the qualifications for the UEFA Champions League from the second round...

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.500
51 51   Andorra
Andorran First Division
The Andorran First Division is the top football league for the country of Andorra. The league is a part-time league: all of the clubs and the majority of the players are part-time....

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.500 0.500 1 1
53 52 -1   San Marino
Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio
Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio is an amateur league competition for football clubs located at the top echelon of the Sammarinese football league system and has been operating since 1985...

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.250 0.250


1

Next season Russia will have 3 sides competing in the UEFA Champions League. Two have gained Automatic berths. Rubin Kazan and CSKA Moscow. Dynamo Moscow will play through the qualifying rounds to gain the right to join their compatriots.

See also

  • Sport in Russia
    Sport in Russia
    Russia is a keen sporting country, successful at a number of sports and continuously finishing in the top rankings at the Olympic games. During the Soviet era the team placed first in the total number of medals won at 14 of its 18 appearances; with these performances, the USSR was the dominant...

  • List of Russian football transfers summer 2008
  • UEFA Euro 2008
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