Fire Police
Encyclopedia
Fire Police are Volunteer Fire Brigade/Company members who have sworn police powers. They receive special police
Special police
Special Police does not have a consistent international meaning. In many cases it will describe a police force or a unit within a police force whose duties and responsibilities are significantly different from other forces in the same country or significantly different from other police in the same...

 training and are responsible for traffic
Traffic
Traffic on roads may consist of pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, streetcars and other conveyances, either singly or together, while using the public way for purposes of travel...

 control, crowd control
Crowd control
Crowd control is the controlling of a crowd, to prevent the outbreak of disorder and prevention of possible riot. Examples are at soccer matches, when a sale of goods has attracted an excess of customers, refugee control, or mass decontamination and mass quarantine situations . It calls for gentler...

, fire
Fire
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. Slower oxidative processes like rusting or digestion are not included by this definition....

 and incident scene security, apparatus security, and station security during calls for service.

They also assist regular police
Police
The police is a personification of the state designated to put in practice the enforced law, protect property and reduce civil disorder in civilian matters. Their powers include the legitimized use of force...

 when needed, performing road closures, traffic control, crowd control at public events, missing persons searches, parade details, salvage, security, and other tasks as requested. The primary role of the Fire Police is to provide support for operational requirements at moderate to major incidents.

Duties

Fire Police are a Fire Brigade resource and answer to the Officer In Charge (OIC) of the Fire Brigade in attendance. Special Fire Police Officers in Pennsylvania (USA) are under the direction of the state or local police. Where no other Fire Brigade resources are present, they will usually be assisting Police and therefore be taking direction from the Police OIC. They may also act autonomously depending on local regulations.

While the exact role of Fire Police may vary between brigades and between countries, the general themes are the same:

Traffic Control at Emergency Scenes

Managing the flow of vehicles around or through the immediate vicinity of an emergency. This may entail road closures, diversions, full 'points' control of intersections or '1-way-shunts' where the road is reduced to one lane and the direction is alternated in a controlled fashion.

Scene Safety

Fire Police are utilized to assist in ensuring that the scene of an incident is safe for those working in the vicinity; this includes both Firefighters and other Emergency Service workers, as well as members of the public.

Crowd Control and Liaison

Residents, owners, occupants, relatives, transients, spectators, and the media are among those who may approach the scene of an incident. Fire Police are in a position to prevent them from coming into harm, and from hampering the work of emergency services personnel at the scene. They are often the first point of contact and as such must have good public relations skills.

Scene Security

Fire Police may be asked to provide a scene guard in order to prevent looting or theft. Also, they may be called upon to monitor unattended Fire Brigade equipment.

Police Assistance

Fire Police are often called upon by Police and other Law Enforcement agencies to provide manpower. Many of the above tasks also fall within the area of responsibility of the Police, but Fire Police when on the scene may allow the Police to concentrate on other more specific areas of expertise.

Logistics

Fire Police may provide a Logistics resource - vehicle movements, communications or similar. This would particularly be the case at a scene controlled by the Fire Brigade but they may be called upon by other services.

Fire Police around the world

Fire Police exist in fourteen states
U.S. state
A U.S. state is any one of the 50 federated states of the United States of America that share sovereignty with the federal government. Because of this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of domicile. Four states use the official title of...

 of the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 including New Jersey
New Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. , its population was 8,791,894. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware...

, Delaware
Delaware
Delaware is a U.S. state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It is bordered to the south and west by Maryland, and to the north by Pennsylvania...

, Maryland
Maryland
Maryland is a U.S. state located in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east...

, New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...

, Connecticut
Connecticut
Connecticut is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, and the state of New York to the west and the south .Connecticut is named for the Connecticut River, the major U.S. river that approximately...

, Virginia
Virginia
The Commonwealth of Virginia , is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" after the eight U.S. presidents born there...

, Maine
Maine
Maine is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and south, New Hampshire to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the northwest and New Brunswick to the northeast. Maine is both the northernmost and easternmost...

, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a U.S. state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to...

, and West Virginia
West Virginia
West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian and Southeastern regions of the United States, bordered by Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Ohio to the northwest, Pennsylvania to the northeast and Maryland to the east...

 as well as some other countries, such as New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...

. They must take an oath of office and be sworn in by a municipal clerk, magistrate
Magistrate
A magistrate is an officer of the state; in modern usage the term usually refers to a judge or prosecutor. This was not always the case; in ancient Rome, a magistratus was one of the highest government officers and possessed both judicial and executive powers. Today, in common law systems, a...

, judge or justice of the peace
Justice of the Peace
A justice of the peace is a puisne judicial officer elected or appointed by means of a commission to keep the peace. Depending on the jurisdiction, they might dispense summary justice or merely deal with local administrative applications in common law jurisdictions...

 - depending upon jurisdiction. At fire service incidents, Fire Police assume either the full or necessary powers of a police constable
Constable
A constable is a person holding a particular office, most commonly in law enforcement. The office of constable can vary significantly in different jurisdictions.-Etymology:...

.

Some texts list Burlington County, New Jersey
Burlington County, New Jersey
There were 154,371 households out of which 34.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.70% were married couples living together, 10.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.70% were non-families. 22.90% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.50% had...

 as forming one of the first Fire Police units. Laws in New Jersey
New Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. , its population was 8,791,894. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware...

 State code as early as the 1850s supported Fire Police in their duties.

New Zealand

In New Zealand, Fire Police exist by virtue of Section 33 of the Fire Service Act 1975. The Fire Service Act allows for the formation of Volunteer Fire Police Units (based on the approval of the District Chief of Police) and bestows upon them the legal powers of a police constable
Constable
A constable is a person holding a particular office, most commonly in law enforcement. The office of constable can vary significantly in different jurisdictions.-Etymology:...

. Several Fire Police Units exist around New Zealand, some attached to Volunteer Fire Brigades, and others acting as individual units and/or brigades in their own right.

Fire Police in New Zealand engage in all of the above listed roles. In areas where Fire Police do not exist, 'Operational Support' members of the Fire Service carry out the same tasks (using the powers of a Firefighter gained through Section 28 of the Fire Service Act). Firefighters (including Operational Support members) gain all the powers required to conduct their operations through Section 28; Fire Police wield both these and the powers of a constable gained through Section 33. Operationally, Fire Police Units and Operational Support Units are generally considered to be equivalent, and are well valued by both the operational Firefighters and the New Zealand Police.

Future Prospects

The Fire Service Act 1975 is currently under review, and is due to be replaced with newer, more modern legislation in the coming years. If Fire Police are not retained in law, existing Fire Police Units will become Operational Support Units, retaining their role, but having a change in legal powers as specified by the change in law. Their existing powers of a constable may be considered unnecessary when their key roles (as listed above) are considered, so this may not cause any significant change in Fire Police Operations - just in their name.

Connecticut

Unlike many Fire Police, those in Connecticut do not necessarily have police powers, and are not sworn agents of a body of government. Instead, authority comes directly from the Fire Chief of the department in which they are a member. This authority relates only to fire drills and emergencies within the fire district and under mutual aid situations. In some towns, Fire Police may be given Constable status by the Mayor or First Selectman, however this is generally the exception rather than the rule as it appears in other areas of the US and world.

The state requires that Fire Police Officers are officially appointed by the Fire Chief and utilizes specific equipment, including a badge of office, specific headgear and reflective equipment.

All Connecticut Fire Police are certified by the Connecticut Fire Police Association under the Connecticut Fire Academy standards, and many fire departments have specialized or modified apparatus for traffic control. For instance, the Hebron Volunteer Fire Company (Hebron, CT) has Service 310, a modified retired ambulance. Colchester Hayward Volunteer Fire Company has Service 328, a utility pick-up truck modified specifically for traffic control, holding many cones and signs.

This is spelled out in Connecticut statute under Chapter 104, Section 7-313a.

Maine

In Maine, emergency workers were given legal authority in 2005 as Public Safety Traffic Flaggers to "redirect traffic" at emergency scenes. The law requires anyone acting as a PSTF to be properly trained. Until then, Fire-Police in Maine acted under the state law that allows firefighters to use reasonable force to protect a fire scene.

Maine Fire-Police are not peace officers and do not have any police powers. The exception is when Fire-Police are sworn in as Special Police
Special police
Special Police does not have a consistent international meaning. In many cases it will describe a police force or a unit within a police force whose duties and responsibilities are significantly different from other forces in the same country or significantly different from other police in the same...

 in some towns. Special Police are police officers appointed for one-year terms and given very limited authority by their township to carry out specified duties. Under Maine law, only a police officer may actually shut down a roadway.

Maine law requires Public Safety Traffic Flaggers to wear appropriate safety gear. While PSTF duties are generally carried out by Fire-Police, other departmental members may be pressed into duty at busy scenes provided they have the proper PSTF training.

See Maine Revised Statutes, Title 29-A, Chapter 2091 - "Control of vehicular traffic at emergency scenes".

New York

Fire Police in New York State are Peace Officers with full police powers when acting pursuitant to their special duties.

These are granted under Section 209 (c) of the General Municipal Law. As New York State Peace Officers they are required to take an oath, a copy of which must be kept on file in the town clerk's office in the municipality in which they serve. As mandated by Executive Law, Section 845 (Chapter 482, Laws of 1979 and Chapter 843 Laws of 1980) they are also listed with the Central Registry of Police and Peace Officers at the New York State, Division of Criminal Justice Services-Office of Public Safety in Albany, NY.

To regulate traffic at emergency scenes.
This shall include traffic at the scene of any emergency to which your department has been called, until relieved by your chief, or the regular police agency upon arrival. To protect firefighters while fighting fires.
Remember that we are all firefighters first, and secondly fire police. Our main objective is to provide the adequate protection for the firefighters so that they may do their job without interference of others.

To protect the general public at the scene of a fire.
Residents, owners, occupants, relatives, transients, spectators, and even the news media tend to hamper the operations. Tact and courtesy must be deployed to keep them safe and away from harm or obstructing fire operations.

To keep fire areas clear for fire fighting purpose.
Apparatus, emergency vehicles, service vehicles, firefighters' vehicles all need room to park, operate within, turn around, tanker operations and even hose line lays for fire-fighting operations, etc. always keep this space available and clear.

To protect the equipment of a fire company.
Keep all non-firefighters away from and especially off from department vehicles, and away from its equipment. Don't allow anyone to damage any equipment, and prevent looting.

To enforce the laws of New York State relating to firematic activities and firefighting techniques.
The reckless disregard for safe driving within an emergency area, driving over fire hoses, spectators disrespect for fire lines, non-emergency vehicles intrusions, these are only some of the laws we must be firm in controlling at the scene with respectability.

To cooperate with all regular police agencies.
We are all there for the same cause and reasons, to provide protection, safety and to prevent a situation from getting out of hand, therefore we must cooperate with each others basis of operations by working together efficiently.

To protect the property at the scene of a fire until the Chief releases the fire police from duty and turns the responsibility over to other police agencies or to the owner. Allow no one to enter within the scene without proper identification or credentials. Be alert, we may see or hear something from a person that may have a direct bearing upon the situation, protect the scene's evidence, and report unusual events or happenings.

To carry out the orders of the Chief who is in supreme command at all fires and emergencies.

Fire Police in New York State have full arrest authority.

Pennsylvania

Fire Police in Pennsylvania are Volunteer Fire Company members, sworn in by the Mayor or Borough Council President, Township supervisor or the local District Justice of the Peace. They come under direct control of the Local Police or State Police
Pennsylvania State Police
The Pennsylvania State Police is the state police force of Pennsylvania, responsible for statewide law enforcement. It was founded in 1905 by order of Governor Samuel Pennypacker, in response to the private police forces used by mine and mill owners to stop worker strikes and the inability or...

 (if no local dept is available). The first Fire Police officers in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania were appointed in Meadville, Crawford County
Crawford County, Pennsylvania
Crawford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of 2010, the population was 88,765.Crawford County was created on March 12, 1800, from part of Allegheny County and named for Colonel William Crawford...

in 1896. These first Fire Police officers had no authority other than that which could be provided by their fire company and the municipality in which they served. No legal recognition or authority was granted to Special Fire Police officers in the Commonwealth of Pa until 1941.

The Commonwealth of PA in June 1941 passed a law (Title 35) enabling Special Fire Police Officers to have the necessary police power to provide protection. Fire Police were legally created to act in emergency situations and then only when their fire department was involved.

Title 35 was amended in 1949, 1959 and again in 1980. (Act 74, 388, 209, 122) These changes widened the scope of authority of the Fire Police. In 1949 the law was amended (Act 388) to give Fire Police power to act without fire company involvement, providing a request to do so was made by the municipality. In 1959 (Act 209) the law was again amended to allow Fire Police to use their police powers in any (non-emergency) public function conducted by or under the auspices of any volunteer fire company. Such services were contingent upon a request by the municipality. The provision for municipal request for such services, when the fire company was involved, was later removed from the law.

The provision to allow Fire Police to use their police power in non-emergency events was later amended to authorize these officers to provide police services for organizations other than a volunteer fire company. For Fire Police to perform this type of duty a request was and is, required. In 1980 (Act 122 - current law), the Fire Police Act was amended to, among other things, make it clear that the act does not grant the right or power to use firearms or other weapons in the course of an officer's duty.

These amendments widened the scope of authority of Fire Police in Pennsylvania to have limited police powers. Although they have no authority to make arrests, they do have the right to detain someone, within reason.

Fire Police may control the flow of traffic to ensure emergency vehicles have a quick, safe entrance and egress to an incident. They may halt traffic or detour traffic because of the situation and the dangers involved. They take orders from the police authority in charge.

All Fire Police Officers are sworn officers of the law and when on duty shall display a badge of authority and shall be subject to control of the chief of police of the city, borough, town or township in which they are serving, or if none, of a member of the Pennsylvania State Police. Disobeying a Fire Police Officer is the same as disobeying a Police Officer, Sheriff's Deputy, State Constable or State Trooper and assaulting one is a felony.

Current Pennsylvania Fire-Police law is found in Title 35, Chapter 74, subchapters 7431 to 7437.

External links

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