Falls County, Texas
Encyclopedia
Falls County is a county located in the U.S. state
U.S. state
A U.S. state is any one of the 50 federated states of the United States of America that share sovereignty with the federal government. Because of this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of domicile. Four states use the official title of...

 of Texas
Texas
Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...

. In 2000, its population was 18,576. In 2003, the population of the county was estimated to be 17,926. It is named for the waterfall
Waterfall
A waterfall is a place where flowing water rapidly drops in elevation as it flows over a steep region or a cliff.-Formation:Waterfalls are commonly formed when a river is young. At these times the channel is often narrow and deep. When the river courses over resistant bedrock, erosion happens...

s on the Brazos River
Brazos River
The Brazos River, called the Rio de los Brazos de Dios by early Spanish explorers , is the longest river in Texas and the 11th longest river in the United States at from its source at the head of Blackwater Draw, Curry County, New Mexico to its mouth at the Gulf of Mexico with a drainage...

, which can be found at the Falls On The Brazos Park, a campsite located only a few miles out of Marlin on Farm to Market Road
Farm to Market Road
In the United States, a farm-to-market road or ranch-to-market road is a state road or county road which serves to connect rural or agricultural areas to market towns...

 712. Marlin
Marlin, Texas
Marlin is a city in Falls County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,628 at the 2000 census, but decreased to 5,967 by 2010. It is also the county seat of Falls County, and has been so since 1851...

 is also the county seat
County seat
A county seat is an administrative center, or seat of government, for a county or civil parish. The term is primarily used in the United States....

 of Falls County.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...

, the county has a total area of 774 square miles (2,004.7 km²), of which 769 square miles (1,991.7 km²) is land and 5 square miles (12.9 km²) (0.61%) is water.

Major highways

  • U.S. Highway 77
  • State Highway 6
    State Highway 6 (Texas)
    State Highway 6 runs from the Red River, the Texas–Oklahoma boundary, to northwest of Galveston. In the Houston area, it runs north to FM 1960, then northwest along US Highway 290 to Hempstead, and south to Westheimer Road and Addicks, and is known as Addicks Satsuma Road. In the...

  • State Highway 7
    State Highway 7 (Texas)
    State Highway 7 is an east–west state highway that runs from Interstate 35 south of Waco to U.S. Highway 84 about 3 miles west of the Texas-Louisiana state line...

  • State Highway 14
    State Highway 14 (Texas)
    State Highway 14, or SH 14, runs from I-45 in Richland to SH 6 south of Bremond in east central Texas in the United States.- Route description :State Highway 14 begins at an intersection with SH 6 about 3 miles southwest of Bremond...

  • State Highway 53
    State Highway 53 (Texas)
    State Highway 53 is a Texas state highway that runs from Temple to Rosebud.-History:SH 53 was designated by 1926 as a route from Dickens to Brownfield, replacing a portion of SH 18...

  • State Highway 320

Adjacent counties

  • Limestone County
    Limestone County, Texas
    Limestone County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of 2000, the population was 22,051. Its county seat is Groesbeck.-Geography:According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and is water....

      (northeast)
  • Robertson County  (southeast)
  • Milam County  (south)
  • Bell County
    Bell County, Texas
    Bell County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. Bell County was founded in 1850. It is part of the Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2000, the county's population was 237,974; in 2010 the U.S. Census Bureau reported that its population had reached...

      (southwest)
  • McLennan County
    McLennan County, Texas
    McLennan County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in Central Texas. In 2000, its population was 213,517; in 2008 the U.S. Census Bureau estimated its population to be 230,213. Its seat is Waco. The county is named for Neil McLennan, an early settler....

      (northwest)

Demographics

As of the census
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...

of 2000, there were 18,576 people, 6,496 households, and 4,410 families residing in the county. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

 was 24 people per square mile (9/km²). There were 7,658 housing units at an average density of 10 per square mile (4/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 61.50% White
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 27.45% Black
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

 or African American
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 0.50% Native American
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 0.11% Asian
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 0.04% Pacific Islander
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 8.81% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, and 1.59% from two or more races. 15.83% of the population were Hispanic
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

 or Latino
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

 of any race.

There were 6,496 households out of which 30.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.20% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...

 living together, 15.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.10% were non-families. 29.40% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.15.

In the county, the population was spread out with 27.60% under the age of 18, 7.80% from 18 to 24, 27.00% from 25 to 44, 20.80% from 45 to 64, and 16.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 85.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $26,589, and the median income for a family was $32,666. Males had a median income of $27,042 versus $20,128 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...

 for the county was $14,311. About 18.80% of families and 22.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.70% of those under age 18 and 18.40% of those age 65 or over.

Native Americans

The Brazos River
Brazos River
The Brazos River, called the Rio de los Brazos de Dios by early Spanish explorers , is the longest river in Texas and the 11th longest river in the United States at from its source at the head of Blackwater Draw, Curry County, New Mexico to its mouth at the Gulf of Mexico with a drainage...

 served as hunting grounds for several tribes, including Wacos, Tawakonis, and Anadarkos. The Comanche
Comanche
The Comanche are a Native American ethnic group whose historic range consisted of present-day eastern New Mexico, southern Colorado, northeastern Arizona, southern Kansas, all of Oklahoma, and most of northwest Texas. Historically, the Comanches were hunter-gatherers, with a typical Plains Indian...

s were often a more aggressive band who forced other tribes off the land. The Tawakoni branch of Wichita Indians
Wichita (tribe)
The Wichita people are indigenous inhabitants of North America, who traditionally spoke the Wichita language, a Caddoan language. They have lived in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas...

 originated north of Texas, but migrated south into east Texas. From 1843 onward, the Tawakoni were part of treaties made by both the Republic of Texas
Republic of Texas
The Republic of Texas was an independent nation in North America, bordering the United States and Mexico, that existed from 1836 to 1846.Formed as a break-away republic from Mexico by the Texas Revolution, the state claimed borders that encompassed an area that included all of the present U.S...

 and the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

.

The Cherokee
Cherokee
The Cherokee are a Native American people historically settled in the Southeastern United States . Linguistically, they are part of the Iroquoian language family...

s arrived in the early 1830s. Sam Houston
Sam Houston
Samuel Houston, known as Sam Houston , was a 19th-century American statesman, politician, and soldier. He was born in Timber Ridge in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, of Scots-Irish descent. Houston became a key figure in the history of Texas and was elected as the first and third President of...

, adopted son of Chief Oolooteka (John Jolly
John Jolly
John Jolly, ; , was Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation—West when the 1828 constitution was adopted...

) of the Cherokee, negotiated the February 1836 treaty between Chief Bowl
The Bowl (Cherokee chief)
The Bowl was one of the leaders of the Chickamauga Cherokee under Dragging Canoe who fought against the United States of America during the Chickamauga wars...

 of the Cherokees and the Republic of Texas
Republic of Texas
The Republic of Texas was an independent nation in North America, bordering the United States and Mexico, that existed from 1836 to 1846.Formed as a break-away republic from Mexico by the Texas Revolution, the state claimed borders that encompassed an area that included all of the present U.S...

.

January 1839, Falls County saw two brutal massacres by the Anadarko
Anadarko
Anadarko may refer to:* Anadarko, Oklahoma* Anadarko Basin, a geologic depositional and structural basin centered in the western part of the state of Oklahoma and the Texas Panhandle, and extending into western Kansas and southeast Colorado...

s, under chief José María, at the homes of George Morgan and John Marlin. A retaliatory offensive by settlers was ineffective and forced the group into a retreat.

In 1846, several tribes negotiated a treaty with the United States government
Federal government of the United States
The federal government of the United States is the national government of the constitutional republic of fifty states that is the United States of America. The federal government comprises three distinct branches of government: a legislative, an executive and a judiciary. These branches and...

.

Settlers

Empresarios "Sterling C. Robertson
Sterling C. Robertson
Sterling Clack Robertson was an empresario from Tennessee, during Mexican Texas. He introduced 600 families into Robertson's Colony. Robertson was also an elected delegate to the Washington-on-the-Brazos convention, signing both the Texas Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the...

:Texas Association/Nashville Co." and Robert Leftwich received a grant from the Coahuila y Tejas
Coahuila y Tejas
Coahuila y Tejas was one of the constituent states of the newly established United Mexican States under its 1824 Constitution.It had two capitals: first Saltillo, and then Monclova...

 legislature to settle 800 families. By contracting how many families each grantee could settle, the government sought to have some control over colonization. Robertson began bringing American settlers to his Nashville colony (later called Robertson's Colony
Robertson's Colony
Robertson's Colony was an empresario colonization effort during the Mexican Texas period. It is named after Sterling C. Robertson, but had previously been known by other names...

). Most of the settlers came from Alabama
Alabama
Alabama is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama ranks 30th in total land area and ranks second in the size of its inland...

, Tennessee
Tennessee
Tennessee is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States. It has a population of 6,346,105, making it the nation's 17th-largest state by population, and covers , making it the 36th-largest by total land area...

 and Mississippi
Mississippi
Mississippi is a U.S. state located in the Southern United States. Jackson is the state capital and largest city. The name of the state derives from the Mississippi River, which flows along its western boundary, whose name comes from the Ojibwe word misi-ziibi...

. He named the capital of the Nashville colony Sarahville de Viesca.
Fort Viesca was built in 1834, with a name change to Fort Milam in 1835. The settlement was deserted during the Runaway Scrape of 1836, and reoccupied after the Battle of San Jacinto
Battle of San Jacinto
The Battle of San Jacinto, fought on April 21, 1836, in present-day Harris County, Texas, was the decisive battle of the Texas Revolution. Led by General Sam Houston, the Texian Army engaged and defeated General Antonio López de Santa Anna's Mexican forces in a fight that lasted just eighteen...

.

County established and growth

The state legislature formed Falls County from Limestone
Limestone County, Texas
Limestone County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of 2000, the population was 22,051. Its county seat is Groesbeck.-Geography:According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and is water....

 and Milam counties in 1850, and named it after the falls of the Brazos River
Brazos River
The Brazos River, called the Rio de los Brazos de Dios by early Spanish explorers , is the longest river in Texas and the 11th longest river in the United States at from its source at the head of Blackwater Draw, Curry County, New Mexico to its mouth at the Gulf of Mexico with a drainage...

. Marlin became the county seat.

By the census of 1860 the county had 1,716 slaves. Falls County voted in favor of secession from the Union. The county fared better during Reconstruction than most, perhaps due to its distance from occupied areas of the Confederacy.

Marlin
Marlin, Texas
Marlin is a city in Falls County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,628 at the 2000 census, but decreased to 5,967 by 2010. It is also the county seat of Falls County, and has been so since 1851...

 began to be known by the healing powers of its hot mineral water by 1890's. Conrad Hilton
Conrad Hilton
Conrad Nicholson Hilton was an American businessman and investor. He is well known for being the founder of the Hilton Hotels chain.-Early life:Hilton was born in San Antonio, New Mexico...

 built the Falls Hotel, with a tunnel to a mineral bath, to accommodate the business generated by the hot spring.

The Houston and Texas Central Railway became the first railroad through the county around 1870. The Waco Division of the San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway in 1886-1925 had multiple stops in Falls County. In 1902 the Missouri Pacific Railroad
Missouri Pacific Railroad
The Missouri Pacific Railroad , also known as the MoPac, was one of the first railroads in the United States west of the Mississippi River. MoPac was a Class I railroad growing from dozens of predecessors and mergers, including the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway , Texas and Pacific...

 passed through the county.

A log cabin served as the county's first courthouse in the 1850s, until the second courthouse was built of white cedar. The second courthouse burned in 1870. A third courthouse was built in 1876 but damaged by a storm in 1886. A fourth courthouse was built in 1888, which began to rapidly deteriorate. The concrete brick and stone fifth and final courthouse was completed in 1939 by architect Arthur E. Thomas.

Government and infrastructure

The Texas Department of Criminal Justice
Texas Department of Criminal Justice
The Texas Department of Criminal Justice is a department of the government of the state of Texas. The TDCJ is responsible for statewide criminal justice for adult offenders, including managing offenders in state prisons, state jails and private correctional facilities, funding and certain...

 (TDCJ) operates the Marlin Unit, a transfer facility for men, in the City of Marlin
Marlin, Texas
Marlin is a city in Falls County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,628 at the 2000 census, but decreased to 5,967 by 2010. It is also the county seat of Falls County, and has been so since 1851...

. The unit opened in June 1992 and was transferred to the Texas Youth Commission
Texas Youth Commission
The Texas Youth Commission is a Texas state agency which operates juvenile corrections facilities in the state. The commission is headquartered in the Brown-Heatly Building in Austin...

 (TYC) in May 1995. When it was a part of TYC, the facility, named the Marlin Orientation and Assessment Unit, served as the place of orientation for children of both sexes being committed into TYC from the facility's opening in 1995 to its transfer out of TYC in 2007. In September 2007 the facility was transferred back to the TDCJ. The TDCJ also operates the William P. Hobby Unit, a prison for women located southwest of Marlin in unincorporated
Unincorporated area
In law, an unincorporated area is a region of land that is not a part of any municipality.To "incorporate" in this context means to form a municipal corporation, a city, town, or village with its own government. An unincorporated community is usually not subject to or taxed by a municipal government...

 Falls County.

Cities and towns

  • Bruceville-Eddy
    Bruceville-Eddy, Texas
    Bruceville-Eddy is a city in Falls and McLennan counties in the U.S. state of Texas. The population was 1,490 at the time of the 2000 census. A July 1, 2008 U.S. Census Bureau estimate placed the population at 1,539....

     (mostly in McLennan County)
  • Golinda
    Golinda, Texas
    Golinda is a city mostly in Falls County, with a small part of the town in McLennan County, in the U.S. state of Texas. The population was 423 at the 2000 census, and 559 in 2010....

     (partly in McLennan County)
  • Lott
    Lott, Texas
    Lott is a city in Falls County, Texas, United States. The population was 724 at the 2000 census, and 668 as of July, 2007, a -6.4% change since 2000.-Geography:Lott is located at ....

  • Marlin
    Marlin, Texas
    Marlin is a city in Falls County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,628 at the 2000 census, but decreased to 5,967 by 2010. It is also the county seat of Falls County, and has been so since 1851...

  • Rosebud
    Rosebud, Texas
    Rosebud is a city in Falls County, Texas. The population was 1,493 at the 2000 census. As of July, 2007, the population was 1,348, an -8.4% change since 2000. Rosebud is the birthplace of NFL running back LaDainian Tomlinson.-Geography:...


Unincorporated communities

  • Barclay
    Barclay, Texas
    Barclay is an unincorporated community in southwest Falls County, Texas, United States. Barclay, the southernmost community in Falls County, is located on Farm-to-market road 413. The population was 58 in 2009.-References:...

  • Cedar Springs
    Cedar Springs, Texas
    Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm-to-market road #2027....

  • Cego
    Cego, Texas
    Cego is a very small unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. Cego is located on Farm-to-market road 1950. As of 2000, the population was 42.- External links :* at the Handbook of Texas Online...

  • Durango
    Durango, Texas
    Durango is an unincorporated community in western Falls County, Texas, United States. It lies along Farm to Market Road 935....

  • Highbank
    Highbank, Texas
    Highbank is an unincorporated community in southern Falls County, Texas, United States. it lies located along Farm to Market Road 413, just east of the Brazos River....

  • Mooreville
    Mooreville, Texas
    Mooreville is an unincorporated community in Falls County, Texas. Never being established, Mooreville posted a population of about 91 in 2000 after peaking at 180 in the late 19th century....

  • Otto
  • Perry
    Perry, Texas
    Perry is an unincorporated community in northern Falls County, Texas, United States. It was named after Albert G. Perry, a signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence....

  • Reagan
    Reagan, Texas
    Reagan is an unincorporated community in Falls County, Texas, United States. It lies at the intersection of State Highway 6 and Farm-to-Market Road 413, nine miles southeast of Marlin....

  • Satin
    Satin, Texas
    Satin, Texas is an unincorporated community in Falls County, Texas, four miles from Chilton. Satin is located in the north part the county, on Farm to Market Road 434.-History:...

  • Tomlinson Hill
    Tomlinson Hill, Texas
    Tomlinson Hill is a small unincorporated community in Falls County, Texas, United States. It lies approximately 7½ miles west of Marlin on State Highway 320 and approximately 1½ miles west-southwest of the junction of 320 and State Highway 7....

  • Travis
    Travis, Texas
    Travis is an unincorporated community in southeast Falls County, Texas, named after Travis Fleming Jones, who surveyed the site for the San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway in the 1880s. The population was up to 300 in the 1920s and 30s, but has decreased to 60 by 1990 and has steadily remained at...

  • Westphalia
    Westphalia, Texas
    Westphalia is a small unincorporated German community in Falls County, Texas, United States located 35 miles south of Waco on state highway 320. Westphalia has a strong Catholic background. The Church of the Visitation was, until recently, the largest wooden church west of the Mississippi River...

  • Zipperlandville
    Zipperlandville, Texas
    Zipperlandville is an unincorporated community in Falls County, Texas, United States. In 2000, the population was 22....


See also

  • National Register of Historic Places listings in Falls County, Texas

External links

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