Eohric of East Anglia
Encyclopedia
Eohric (died late 902x904) was king of East Anglia. Seemingly of Scandinavia
n origin, his name is the Old English
form of the Old Norse Eiríkr, little is known of Eohric or of East Anglia
in his time.
East Anglia was attacked by the Viking
Great Heathen Army
in around 869, King Edmund
(later Saint Edmund) being killed on 20 November 869. Edmund was not the last Anglo-Saxon king, he was followed by Oswald
and Æthelred
who are known only from numismatic evidence, that is their coins. Guthrum
, who fought against Alfred the Great
, king of Wessex, appears to have been in control of East Anglia in the 880s, and issued coins in his own name. Guthrum died circa
890 but there is no record of his successor as the coinage issued in East Anglia after Guthrum commemorates King Edmund and does not name the ruler.
The only certain report of Eohric is that of his death. Eohric, along with other Scandinavian leaders in eastern Britain
, supported the ætheling Æthelwold
against Edward the Elder
. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
reports in its entry under the year 905, probably to be dated to between 902 or 904 AD, that some time after October of that year the East Anglian army with Æthelwold and Eohric raided over the River Thames
into Edward's lands. Edward took an army from Kent
into East Anglia, ravaging as far north as the Devil's Dyke
and the River Wissey
. Eohric's East Anglians met Edward's army while it was returning home and a battle followed. Edward's army was victorious and Eohric and Æthelwold were among the dead.
The history of East Anglia after Eohric remains obscure until the conquest of the region by Edward the Elder.
Scandinavia
Scandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
n origin, his name is the Old English
Old English language
Old English or Anglo-Saxon is an early form of the English language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons and their descendants in parts of what are now England and southeastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century...
form of the Old Norse Eiríkr, little is known of Eohric or of East Anglia
Kingdom of the East Angles
The Kingdom of East Anglia, also known as the Kingdom of the East Angles , was a small independent Anglo-Saxon kingdom that comprised what are now the English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk and perhaps the eastern part of the Fens...
in his time.
East Anglia was attacked by the Viking
Viking
The term Viking is customarily used to refer to the Norse explorers, warriors, merchants, and pirates who raided, traded, explored and settled in wide areas of Europe, Asia and the North Atlantic islands from the late 8th to the mid-11th century.These Norsemen used their famed longships to...
Great Heathen Army
Great Heathen Army
The Great Heathen Army, also known as the Great Army or the Great Danish Army, was a Viking army originating in Denmark which pillaged and conquered much of England in the late 9th century...
in around 869, King Edmund
Edmund the Martyr
St Edmund the Martyr was a king of East Anglia, an Anglo-Saxon kingdom which today includes the English counties of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire.D'Evelyn, Charlotte, and Mill, Anna J., , 1956. Reprinted 1967...
(later Saint Edmund) being killed on 20 November 869. Edmund was not the last Anglo-Saxon king, he was followed by Oswald
Oswald of East Anglia
Oswald was king of East Anglia in the 870s after the death of Edmund the Martyr. No textual evidence of his reign is known but some of his coins are known from the same period....
and Æthelred
Æthelred II of East Anglia
Æthelred was King of East Anglia.No textual evidence of his reign is known, but numismatic evidence points to his reign being in the 870s, perhaps together with Oswald of East Anglia, whose coins are known from the same period....
who are known only from numismatic evidence, that is their coins. Guthrum
Guthrum
The name Guthrum corresponds to Norwegian Guttom and to Danish Gorm.The name Guthrum may refer to these kings:* Guthrum, who fought against Alfred the Great* Gorm the Old of Denmark and Norway* Guthrum II, a king of doubtful historicity...
, who fought against Alfred the Great
Alfred the Great
Alfred the Great was King of Wessex from 871 to 899.Alfred is noted for his defence of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of southern England against the Vikings, becoming the only English monarch still to be accorded the epithet "the Great". Alfred was the first King of the West Saxons to style himself...
, king of Wessex, appears to have been in control of East Anglia in the 880s, and issued coins in his own name. Guthrum died circa
Circa
Circa , usually abbreviated c. or ca. , means "approximately" in the English language, usually referring to a date...
890 but there is no record of his successor as the coinage issued in East Anglia after Guthrum commemorates King Edmund and does not name the ruler.
The only certain report of Eohric is that of his death. Eohric, along with other Scandinavian leaders in eastern Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island, as well as the largest of the British Isles...
, supported the ætheling Æthelwold
Æthelwold of Wessex
Æthelwold was the youngest of three known sons of King Æthelred of Wessex. His brother Oswald is recorded between 863 and 875, and Æthelhelm is only recorded as a beneficiary of King Alfred's will in the mid 880s, and probably died soon afterwards...
against Edward the Elder
Edward the Elder
Edward the Elder was an English king. He became king in 899 upon the death of his father, Alfred the Great. His court was at Winchester, previously the capital of Wessex...
. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of annals in Old English chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons. The original manuscript of the Chronicle was created late in the 9th century, probably in Wessex, during the reign of Alfred the Great...
reports in its entry under the year 905, probably to be dated to between 902 or 904 AD, that some time after October of that year the East Anglian army with Æthelwold and Eohric raided over the River Thames
River Thames
The River Thames flows through southern England. It is the longest river entirely in England and the second longest in the United Kingdom. While it is best known because its lower reaches flow through central London, the river flows alongside several other towns and cities, including Oxford,...
into Edward's lands. Edward took an army from Kent
Kent
Kent is a county in southeast England, and is one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the Thames Estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent and the unitary borough of...
into East Anglia, ravaging as far north as the Devil's Dyke
Devil's Dyke, Cambridgeshire
The Devil's Dyke is an earthwork in the English county of Cambridgeshire. It consists of a long bank and ditch that runs in a south-east direction from the small village of Reach to nearby Woodditton...
and the River Wissey
River Wissey
The River Wissey is a river in Norfolk, eastern England. It rises near Bradenham, and flows for nearly to join the River Great Ouse at Fordham...
. Eohric's East Anglians met Edward's army while it was returning home and a battle followed. Edward's army was victorious and Eohric and Æthelwold were among the dead.
The history of East Anglia after Eohric remains obscure until the conquest of the region by Edward the Elder.