Emperor Go-Hanazono
Encyclopedia
was the 102nd emperor
of Japan
, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1428 through] 1464.
This 15th century sovereign was named after the 14th century Emperor Hanazono
and go- (後), translates literally as "later;" and thus, he could be called the "Later Emperor Hanazono". The Japanese word "go" has also been translated to mean the "second one;" and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Hanazono, the second," or as "Hanazono II."
, his personal name (his imina); his name was simply .
He was the eldest son of Imperial Prince Fushimi-no-miya
Sadafusa (伏見宮貞成親王) (1372–1456). His mother was Sachiko (幸子) (1390–1448), daughter of Niwata ?? (庭田経有).
His father was the 3rd of the Fushimi-no-miya
line and grandson of the Northern Pretender
Emperor Sukō
, making Go-Hanazono the great-grandson of Sukō and 3rd cousin to his predecessor, Emperor Shōkō
. He was also the great-great-great grandson of Emperor Go-Fushimi
. This is the second most remote relationship between an emperor and his successor after that between Emperor Go-Komatsu
(both the sixth Northern Pretender
and the 100th in the main line) and his predecessor in the official line, Emperor Go-Kameyama
, who was his fourth cousin twice removed.
had no son, retired Emperor Go-Komatsu
needed to secure the Jimyōin inheritance against the Daikakuji line, before Emperor Shōkō
died, he adopted a son out of the Fushimi-no-miya house, who became Emperor Go-Hanazono after Shōkō's death.
Until former-Emperor Go-Komatsu
died in 1433, Emperor Go-Hanazono held the title of formal head of the Daïri
, the real power in the court was wielded by his uncle, who continued a practice known as cloistered rule
. After this, Go-Hanazono enjoyed 30 years of direct imperial rule, until his abdication on August 21, 1464, when the conventional pattern of indirect government by cloistered emperors was again resumed.
in pre-Meiji
eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Go-Hanazono's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:
's reign included as many eras.
Emperor of Japan
The Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...
of Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1428 through] 1464.
This 15th century sovereign was named after the 14th century Emperor Hanazono
Emperor Hanazono
Emperor Hanazono was the 95th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession...
and go- (後), translates literally as "later;" and thus, he could be called the "Later Emperor Hanazono". The Japanese word "go" has also been translated to mean the "second one;" and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Hanazono, the second," or as "Hanazono II."
Genealogy
Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum ThroneChrysanthemum Throne
The is the English term used to identify the throne of the Emperor of Japan. The term can refer to very specific seating, such as the takamikura throne in the Shishin-den at Kyoto Imperial Palace....
, his personal name (his imina); his name was simply .
He was the eldest son of Imperial Prince Fushimi-no-miya
Fushimi-no-miya
The ' is the oldest of the four shinnōke, branches of the Imperial Family of Japan which were eligible to succeed to the Chrysanthemum Throne in the event that the main line should die out....
Sadafusa (伏見宮貞成親王) (1372–1456). His mother was Sachiko (幸子) (1390–1448), daughter of Niwata ?? (庭田経有).
His father was the 3rd of the Fushimi-no-miya
Fushimi-no-miya
The ' is the oldest of the four shinnōke, branches of the Imperial Family of Japan which were eligible to succeed to the Chrysanthemum Throne in the event that the main line should die out....
line and grandson of the Northern Pretender
Northern Court (Japan)
The , also known as the "Ashikaga Pretenders" or "Northern Pretenders", were a set of six pretenders to the throne of Japan during the Nanboku-chō period from 1336 through 1392...
Emperor Sukō
Emperor Suko
) was the third of Ashikaga Pretenders during the Period of the Northern and Southern Courts in Japan. According to pre-Meiji scholars, his reign spanned the years from 1348 through 1351.-Genealogy:...
, making Go-Hanazono the great-grandson of Sukō and 3rd cousin to his predecessor, Emperor Shōkō
Emperor Shoko
Emperor Shōkō was the 101st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1412 through 1428.-Genealogy:...
. He was also the great-great-great grandson of Emperor Go-Fushimi
Emperor Go-Fushimi
Emperor Go-Fushimi was the 93rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession...
. This is the second most remote relationship between an emperor and his successor after that between Emperor Go-Komatsu
Emperor Go-Komatsu
Emperor Go-Komatsu was the 100th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He is officially considered a pretender from May 24, 1382 to October 21, 1392, when Emperor Go-Kameyama abdicated...
(both the sixth Northern Pretender
Northern Court (Japan)
The , also known as the "Ashikaga Pretenders" or "Northern Pretenders", were a set of six pretenders to the throne of Japan during the Nanboku-chō period from 1336 through 1392...
and the 100th in the main line) and his predecessor in the official line, Emperor Go-Kameyama
Emperor Go-Kameyama
was the 99th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He ruled from 1383 to October 21, 1392, becoming the last Emperor of the Southern Court...
, who was his fourth cousin twice removed.
- Consort: Ōinomikado (Fujiwara) Nobuko ?? (大炊御門（藤原）信子)
- First daughter: Princess Kanshin (観心女王)
- First son: Imperial Prince Naruhito (成仁親王) (Emperor Go-TsuchimikadoEmperor Go-Tsuchimikadowas the 103rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1464 through 1500....
)
Events of Go-Hanazono's life
Because the previous emperor, Emperor ShōkōEmperor Shoko
Emperor Shōkō was the 101st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1412 through 1428.-Genealogy:...
had no son, retired Emperor Go-Komatsu
Emperor Go-Komatsu
Emperor Go-Komatsu was the 100th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He is officially considered a pretender from May 24, 1382 to October 21, 1392, when Emperor Go-Kameyama abdicated...
needed to secure the Jimyōin inheritance against the Daikakuji line, before Emperor Shōkō
Emperor Shoko
Emperor Shōkō was the 101st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1412 through 1428.-Genealogy:...
died, he adopted a son out of the Fushimi-no-miya house, who became Emperor Go-Hanazono after Shōkō's death.
- 1428 (ShōchōShochowas a after Ōei and before Eikyō, from April 1428 until September 1429. Reigning emperors were and .-Change of era:* 1428 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events...
1, 20th day of the 7th month): In the 17th year of Shōkō-tennō 's reign (称光天皇17年), the emperor died at age 27; and the succession (senso) was received by his adopted son. - Shōchō 1, on the 29th day of the 7th month (1428): Emperor Go-Hanazono is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui). The new emperor is age 10.
- 1429 (EikyōEikyowas a after Shocho and before Kakitsu. This period spanned the years from September 1429 through February 1441. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:* 1429 : The era name was changed to mark the beginning of the reign of Emperor Go-Hanazono...
1, 9th day of the 3rd month): Minamoto-no Yoshinobu is honored in court; and thereafter, he is known as Shogun Ashikaga YoshinoriAshikaga Yoshinoriwas the 6th shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate who reigned from 1429 to 1441 during the Muromachi period of Japan. Yoshinori was the son of the third shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu.-Shogunal succession:...
. - 1433 (Eikyō 5, 6th month): The Emperor of China addressed a letter to Yoshinori in which the Chinese gives the Shogun the title, "King of Japan."
- 1441 (KakitsuKakitsuwas a after Eikyō and before Bun'an. This period spanned the years from February 1441 through February 1444. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:* 1451 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events...
1, 24th day of the 6th month): Shogun Yoshinori is murdered at age 48 by Akamatsu Mitsusuke; and shortly thereafter, his 8-year-old son, Ashikaga YoshikatsuAshikaga Yoshikatsuwas the 7th shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate who reigned from 1442 to 1443 during the Muromachi period of Japan. Yoshikatsu was the son of 6th shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori.Significant events which shaped the period during which Yoshikatsu was shogun:...
, is proclaimed as the new Shogun. - 1441 (Kakitsu 1, 9th month): The murders of Yoshinori kill themselves.
- 1442 (Kakitsu 3, 21 day of the 7th month): Shogun Yoshikatsu died at the age of 10. He very much like riding horses; but he was gravely injured in a fall from a horse. This was the cause of his death. He had been shogun for only three years. His 8-year-old brother, Yoshinari, was then named shogun.
- 1443 (Kakitsu 3, 23rd day of the 9th month).: An armed group of rebels penetrated the palace defenses. A fire was started and one of the men sought to kill Go-Hanazono, but the emperor escaped. However, the intruders managed to steal the Three Sacred Treasures – the mirror, the sword and the jewel. Later, a guard found the mirror and a priest found the sword, but the location of jewel was not known until the 8th month of Bun'an gannen.
- 1451 (Hōtoku 3, 7th month ): A delegation from the Ryukyu IslandsRyukyu IslandsThe , also known as the , is a chain of islands in the western Pacific, on the eastern limit of the East China Sea and to the southwest of the island of Kyushu in Japan. From about 1829 until the mid 20th century, they were alternately called Luchu, Loochoo, or Lewchew, akin to the Mandarin...
arrives for the first time in Heian-kyōHeian-kyoHeian-kyō , was one of several former names for the city now known as Kyoto. It was the capital of Japan for over one thousand years, from 794 to 1868 with an interruption in 1180....
(KyotoKyotois a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. It has a population close to 1.5 million. Formerly the imperial capital of Japan, it is now the capital of Kyoto Prefecture, as well as a major part of the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area.-History:...
).
- 1451 (Hōtoku 3, 8th month ): Sogun Yoshihori causes a letter to be sent to the Emperor of China.
- 1453 (KyōtokuKyotokuwas a after Hōtoku and before Kosho. This period spanned the years from July 1452 through July 1455. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:* 1452 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events...
2, 6th month): The name of Shogun Minamoto-no Yoshinari was changed to Ashikaga YoshimasaAshikaga Yoshimasawas the 8th shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate who reigned from 1449 to 1473 during the Muromachi period of Japan. Yoshimasa was the son of the sixth shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori....
.
- 1458 (ChōrokuChorokuwas a after Kōshō and before Kanshō. This period spanned the years from September 1457 through December 1460. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:* 1457 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events...
2, 8th month): The Sacred Jewel is retrieved from the former Southern Court. It is returned to Miyako to join the other Sacred Treasures.
- 1464 (KanshōKanshowas a after Chōroku and before Bunshō. This period spanned from December 1460 through February 1466. The reigning emperors were and .-Change of era:* 1460 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events...
5, 7th month): Go-Hanazono resigned his throne in favor of his son, would be known as Emperor Go-TsuchimikadoEmperor Go-Tsuchimikadowas the 103rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1464 through 1500....
.
Until former-Emperor Go-Komatsu
Emperor Go-Komatsu
Emperor Go-Komatsu was the 100th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He is officially considered a pretender from May 24, 1382 to October 21, 1392, when Emperor Go-Kameyama abdicated...
died in 1433, Emperor Go-Hanazono held the title of formal head of the Daïri
Dairi
Dairi may refer to:* The building in which the Japanese Imperial family resided , the women of the Imperial family , the Imperial court of Japan, or an indirect way of referring to the Emperor himself....
, the real power in the court was wielded by his uncle, who continued a practice known as cloistered rule
Cloistered rule
The Insei system , or cloistered rule, was a specific form of government in Japan during the Heian period. In this bifurcated system, an Emperor abdicated, but he retained power and influence. The emperors who withdrew to live in monasteries continued to act in ways which were intended to...
. After this, Go-Hanazono enjoyed 30 years of direct imperial rule, until his abdication on August 21, 1464, when the conventional pattern of indirect government by cloistered emperors was again resumed.
- January 18, 1471 (BunmeiBunmeiwas a after Ōnin and before Chōkyō. This period spanned the years from April 1469 through July 1487. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:* 1469 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events...
3, 12th month): Former Emperor Go-Hanazono died at age 52.
Kugyō
Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of JapanEmperor of Japan
The Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...
in pre-Meiji
Meiji period
The , also known as the Meiji era, is a Japanese era which extended from September 1868 through July 1912. This period represents the first half of the Empire of Japan.- Meiji Restoration and the emperor :...
eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Go-Hanazono's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:
- SadaijinSadaijin, most commonly translated as "Minister of the Left", was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods. The position was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 702. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the Sadaijin in the context of a central...
- UdaijinUdaijinUdaijin , most commonly translated as the "Minister of the Right", was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods. The position was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 702. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the Udaijin in the context of a central...
- Nadaijin
- DainagonDainagonwas a counselor of the first rank in the Imperial court of Japan. The role dates from the 7th century.This advisory position remained a part of the Imperial court from the 8th century until the Meiji period in the 19th century....
Eras of Go-Hanazono's reign
The years of Go-Hanozono's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō. Go-Hanazono's reign is almost unique because of its eight successive eras; and only the turbulent years of Emperor Go-DaigoEmperor Go-Daigo
Emperor Go-Daigo was the 96th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession....
's reign included as many eras.
- ShōchōShochowas a after Ōei and before Eikyō, from April 1428 until September 1429. Reigning emperors were and .-Change of era:* 1428 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events...
(1428–1429) - EikyōEikyowas a after Shocho and before Kakitsu. This period spanned the years from September 1429 through February 1441. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:* 1429 : The era name was changed to mark the beginning of the reign of Emperor Go-Hanazono...
(1429–1441) - KakitsuKakitsuwas a after Eikyō and before Bun'an. This period spanned the years from February 1441 through February 1444. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:* 1451 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events...
(1441–1444) - Bun'an (1444–1449)
- HōtokuHotokuwas a after Bun'an and before Kyotoku. This period spanned the years from July 1449 through July 1452. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:...
(1449–1452) - KyōtokuKyotokuwas a after Hōtoku and before Kosho. This period spanned the years from July 1452 through July 1455. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:* 1452 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events...
(1452–1455) - KōshōKosho (era)was a after Kyōtoku and before Chōroku. This period spanned the years from July 1455 through September 1457. The reigning emperor was .-Change of Era:* 1455 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events....
(1455–1457) - ChōrokuChorokuwas a after Kōshō and before Kanshō. This period spanned the years from September 1457 through December 1460. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:* 1457 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events...
(1457–1460) - KanshōKanshowas a after Chōroku and before Bunshō. This period spanned from December 1460 through February 1466. The reigning emperors were and .-Change of era:* 1460 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events...
(1460–1466)
See also
- Emperor of JapanEmperor of JapanThe Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...
- List of Emperors of Japan
- Imperial cultImperial cultAn imperial cult is a form of state religion in which an emperor, or a dynasty of emperors , are worshipped as messiahs, demigods or deities. "Cult" here is used to mean "worship", not in the modern pejorative sense...