East Lockinge
Encyclopedia
East Lockinge is a village in Lockinge
civil parish, about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of Wantage
. It was part of Berkshire
until the 1974 local authority boundary changes
transferred the Vale of White Horse to Oxfordshire
.
granted 15 hides
of land to her thegn
Cuthwulf. This land became the manor
of East Lockinge, which during the Anglo-Saxon era
became the proPperty of the Benedictine
Abingdon Abbey
. In the Dissolution of the Monasteries
in the 1530s the Abbey surrendered all its property to the Crown
, which sold East Lockinge in 1546.
Matthew Wymondsold (died 1757), a speculator in the South Sea Bubble, bought the manor in 1718 and settled here. In 1750 he had Lockinge House built: a three-storey Georgian
country house
with two wings that was later enlarged. Matthew was a descendant of Sir Robert Wymondsold (died 1687) of Welbeck Place, Putney
, and Deeping St. James, Lincolnshire
, whom James II
knighted in 1684. Matthew Wymondsold had three sons by his wife Sara who outlived him: Francis, William and Charles, the latter who married and divorced Henrietta Knight, daughter of Robert Knight, 1st Earl of Catherlough
, who married secondly Josiah Child, younger son of Richard Child, 1st Earl Tylney
. The Wymondsold family retained East Lockinge until 1853, when it was sold to Lord Overstone
.
In 1858 Overstone gave East Lockinge as a wedding present to his son-in-law Colonel Loyd-Lindsay VC
. East Lockinge is now a village of estate cottages that Colonel Loyd-Lindsay had built in the 1860s. Loyd-Lindsay was ennobled on 23 July 1885 taking the name, style and title of Baron Wantage of Lockinge in the County of Berks. He died at Lockinge House on 10 June 1901. Lockinge House was demolished in 1947. Its early Georgian orangery
was still standing in the 1960s.
of All Saints was built in about the middle of the 12th century. The Norman
north door of the nave
survives from this time. The chancel
and the south chapel parallel with it were built in the 13th century but the chancel was rebuilt early in the 14th century. A south aisle was added in the 13th or early in the 14th century. A window in the north wall of the nave was added in the 15th century, but was altered to accommodate the west belltower that was added in 1564.
In 1886 the south aisle and chapel were demolished, the three-bay
arcade
between the south aisle and the nave was rebuilt and a new nave and chancel were built in place of the demolished aisle and chapel. This became the main body of the church, leaving the earlier nave and chancel as a north aisle and chapel. The reredos
paintings are by the Arts and Crafts movement
artist Kate Bunce
and their beaten metal frames are by her sister Myra Bunce. Lady Jane Lindsay, presumably a relative of the Colonel, designed the glass of the east window.
The tower has a ring
of four bells. The oldest is the treble, cast in 1578 by Joseph Carter of Reading, Berkshire
, who later became the master founder of Whitechapel Bell Foundry
in London. Another of the bells was cast at Reading in about 1599. Robert II Wells of Aldbourne, Wiltshire
cast the tenor bell in 1793 and he and James Wells cast the small Sanctus
bell in about 1795. William Taylor cast the youngest bell in 1852, presumably at the foundry that the Taylor family then had in Oxford
. Currently for technical reasons the bells are unringable.
Lockinge
Lockinge is a civil parish in Oxfordshire in England, consisting of the villages of East Lockinge and West Lockinge, as well as the hamlet of Betterton, which is also a lost settlement. It is located between the town of Wantage and the village of Ardington. In 1974 it was transferred from Berkshire...
civil parish, about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of Wantage
Wantage
Wantage is a market town and civil parish in the Vale of the White Horse, Oxfordshire, England. The town is on Letcombe Brook, about south-west of Abingdon and a similar distance west of Didcot....
. It was part of Berkshire
Berkshire
Berkshire is a historic county in the South of England. It is also often referred to as the Royal County of Berkshire because of the presence of the royal residence of Windsor Castle in the county; this usage, which dates to the 19th century at least, was recognised by the Queen in 1957, and...
until the 1974 local authority boundary changes
Local Government Act 1972
The Local Government Act 1972 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom that reformed local government in England and Wales on 1 April 1974....
transferred the Vale of White Horse to Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire is a county in the South East region of England, bordering on Warwickshire and Northamptonshire , Buckinghamshire , Berkshire , Wiltshire and Gloucestershire ....
.
Manor
In AD 868 Queen Æthelswith of MerciaMercia
Mercia was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. It was centred on the valley of the River Trent and its tributaries in the region now known as the English Midlands...
granted 15 hides
Hide (unit)
The hide was originally an amount of land sufficient to support a household, but later in Anglo-Saxon England became a unit used in assessing land for liability to "geld", or land tax. The geld would be collected at a stated rate per hide...
of land to her thegn
Thegn
The term thegn , from OE þegn, ðegn "servant, attendant, retainer", is commonly used to describe either an aristocratic retainer of a king or nobleman in Anglo-Saxon England, or as a class term, the majority of the aristocracy below the ranks of ealdormen and high-reeves...
Cuthwulf. This land became the manor
Manorialism
Manorialism, an essential element of feudal society, was the organizing principle of rural economy that originated in the villa system of the Late Roman Empire, was widely practiced in medieval western and parts of central Europe, and was slowly replaced by the advent of a money-based market...
of East Lockinge, which during the Anglo-Saxon era
History of Anglo-Saxon England
Anglo-Saxon England refers to the period of the history of that part of Britain, that became known as England, lasting from the end of Roman occupation and establishment of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the 5th century until the Norman conquest of England in 1066 by William the Conqueror...
became the proPperty of the Benedictine
Order of Saint Benedict
The Order of Saint Benedict is a Roman Catholic religious order of independent monastic communities that observe the Rule of St. Benedict. Within the order, each individual community maintains its own autonomy, while the organization as a whole exists to represent their mutual interests...
Abingdon Abbey
Abingdon Abbey
Abingdon Abbey was a Benedictine monastery also known as St Mary's Abbey located in Abingdon, historically in the county of Berkshire but now in Oxfordshire, England.-History:...
. In the Dissolution of the Monasteries
Dissolution of the Monasteries
The Dissolution of the Monasteries, sometimes referred to as the Suppression of the Monasteries, was the set of administrative and legal processes between 1536 and 1541 by which Henry VIII disbanded monasteries, priories, convents and friaries in England, Wales and Ireland; appropriated their...
in the 1530s the Abbey surrendered all its property to the Crown
The Crown
The Crown is a corporation sole that in the Commonwealth realms and any provincial or state sub-divisions thereof represents the legal embodiment of governance, whether executive, legislative, or judicial...
, which sold East Lockinge in 1546.
Matthew Wymondsold (died 1757), a speculator in the South Sea Bubble, bought the manor in 1718 and settled here. In 1750 he had Lockinge House built: a three-storey Georgian
Georgian architecture
Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1720 and 1840. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I of Great Britain, George II of Great Britain, George III of the United...
country house
English country house
The English country house is a large house or mansion in the English countryside. Such houses were often owned by individuals who also owned a London house. This allowed to them to spend time in the country and in the city—hence, for these people, the term distinguished between town and country...
with two wings that was later enlarged. Matthew was a descendant of Sir Robert Wymondsold (died 1687) of Welbeck Place, Putney
Putney
Putney is a district in south-west London, England, located in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is situated south-west of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London....
, and Deeping St. James, Lincolnshire
Lincolnshire
Lincolnshire is a county in the east of England. It borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the north west, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north. It also borders...
, whom James II
James II of England
James II & VII was King of England and King of Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685. He was the last Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland...
knighted in 1684. Matthew Wymondsold had three sons by his wife Sara who outlived him: Francis, William and Charles, the latter who married and divorced Henrietta Knight, daughter of Robert Knight, 1st Earl of Catherlough
Robert Knight, 1st Earl of Catherlough
Robert Knight, 1st Earl of Catherlough, KB, , was a Member of Parliament for Great Grimsby , Castle Rising, Norfolk and Milborne Port, Somerset . He...
, who married secondly Josiah Child, younger son of Richard Child, 1st Earl Tylney
Richard Child, 1st Earl Tylney
Richard Child, 1st Earl Tylney , was an English Member of Parliament. He held no Office of State, nor any commercial directorship of significance, but is remembered chiefly as the builder of the now long-demolished Palladian "princely mansion" Wanstead House, one of the first in the style...
. The Wymondsold family retained East Lockinge until 1853, when it was sold to Lord Overstone
Samuel Jones-Loyd, 1st Baron Overstone
Samuel Jones-Loyd, 1st Baron Overstone was a British banker and politician.-Background and education:Loyd was the only son of Reverend Lewis Loyd and Sarah, daughter of John Jones, a Manchester banker...
.
In 1858 Overstone gave East Lockinge as a wedding present to his son-in-law Colonel Loyd-Lindsay VC
Robert James Loyd-Lindsay, 1st Baron Wantage
Brigadier-General Robert James Loyd-Lindsay, 1st Baron Wantage, VC KCB was of Scottish descent; soldier, politician, benefactor to Wantage, one of the founders of the British National Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War latterly called the British Red Cross Society, for which he...
. East Lockinge is now a village of estate cottages that Colonel Loyd-Lindsay had built in the 1860s. Loyd-Lindsay was ennobled on 23 July 1885 taking the name, style and title of Baron Wantage of Lockinge in the County of Berks. He died at Lockinge House on 10 June 1901. Lockinge House was demolished in 1947. Its early Georgian orangery
Orangery
An orangery was a building in the grounds of fashionable residences from the 17th to the 19th centuries and given a classicising architectural form. The orangery was similar to a greenhouse or conservatory...
was still standing in the 1960s.
Parish church
The Church of England parish churchChurch of England parish church
A parish church in the Church of England is the church which acts as the religious centre for the people within the smallest and most basic Church of England administrative region, known as a parish.-Parishes in England:...
of All Saints was built in about the middle of the 12th century. The Norman
Norman architecture
About|Romanesque architecture, primarily English|other buildings in Normandy|Architecture of Normandy.File:Durham Cathedral. Nave by James Valentine c.1890.jpg|thumb|200px|The nave of Durham Cathedral demonstrates the characteristic round arched style, though use of shallow pointed arches above the...
north door of the nave
Nave
In Romanesque and Gothic Christian abbey, cathedral basilica and church architecture, the nave is the central approach to the high altar, the main body of the church. "Nave" was probably suggested by the keel shape of its vaulting...
survives from this time. The chancel
Chancel
In church architecture, the chancel is the space around the altar in the sanctuary at the liturgical east end of a traditional Christian church building...
and the south chapel parallel with it were built in the 13th century but the chancel was rebuilt early in the 14th century. A south aisle was added in the 13th or early in the 14th century. A window in the north wall of the nave was added in the 15th century, but was altered to accommodate the west belltower that was added in 1564.
In 1886 the south aisle and chapel were demolished, the three-bay
Bay (architecture)
A bay is a unit of form in architecture. This unit is defined as the zone between the outer edges of an engaged column, pilaster, or post; or within a window frame, doorframe, or vertical 'bas relief' wall form.-Defining elements:...
arcade
Arcade (architecture)
An arcade is a succession of arches, each counterthrusting the next, supported by columns or piers or a covered walk enclosed by a line of such arches on one or both sides. In warmer or wet climates, exterior arcades provide shelter for pedestrians....
between the south aisle and the nave was rebuilt and a new nave and chancel were built in place of the demolished aisle and chapel. This became the main body of the church, leaving the earlier nave and chancel as a north aisle and chapel. The reredos
Reredos
thumb|300px|right|An altar and reredos from [[St. Josaphat's Roman Catholic Church|St. Josaphat Catholic Church]] in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]]. This would be called a [[retable]] in many other languages and countries....
paintings are by the Arts and Crafts movement
Arts and Crafts movement
Arts and Crafts was an international design philosophy that originated in England and flourished between 1860 and 1910 , continuing its influence until the 1930s...
artist Kate Bunce
Kate Bunce
Kate Elizabeth Bunce was an English painter and poet associated with the Arts and Crafts movement.The daughter of John Thackray Bunce – a patron of Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery and editor of the Birmingham Post during its Liberal heyday – Bunce was born in Birmingham and educated at home...
and their beaten metal frames are by her sister Myra Bunce. Lady Jane Lindsay, presumably a relative of the Colonel, designed the glass of the east window.
The tower has a ring
Change ringing
Change ringing is the art of ringing a set of tuned bells in a series of mathematical patterns called "changes". It differs from many other forms of campanology in that no attempt is made to produce a conventional melody....
of four bells. The oldest is the treble, cast in 1578 by Joseph Carter of Reading, Berkshire
Reading, Berkshire
Reading is a large town and unitary authority area in England. It is located in the Thames Valley at the confluence of the River Thames and River Kennet, and on both the Great Western Main Line railway and the M4 motorway, some west of London....
, who later became the master founder of Whitechapel Bell Foundry
Whitechapel Bell Foundry
The Whitechapel Bell Foundry is a bell foundry in Whitechapel in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, in the East End of London. The foundry is listed by the Guinness Book of Records as the oldest manufacturing company in Great Britain...
in London. Another of the bells was cast at Reading in about 1599. Robert II Wells of Aldbourne, Wiltshire
Wiltshire
Wiltshire is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire. It contains the unitary authority of Swindon and covers...
cast the tenor bell in 1793 and he and James Wells cast the small Sanctus
Sanctus
The Sanctus is a hymn from Christian liturgy, forming part of the Order of Mass. In Western Christianity, the Sanctus is sung as the final words of the Preface of the Eucharistic Prayer, the prayer of consecration of the bread and wine...
bell in about 1795. William Taylor cast the youngest bell in 1852, presumably at the foundry that the Taylor family then had in Oxford
Oxford
The city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...
. Currently for technical reasons the bells are unringable.