EN 14214
Encyclopedia
EN 14214 is a European Standard that describes the requirements and test methods for FAME - the most common type of biodiesel
.
The technical definition of biodiesel is a fuel suitable for use in compression ignition (diesel) engines that is made of fatty acid monoalkyl esters derived from biologically produced oils or fats including vegetable oils, animal fats and microalgal oils. When biodiesel is produced from these types of oil using methanol
fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are produced. Biodiesel fuels can also be produced using other alcohols, for example using ethanol to produce fatty acid ethyl esters, however these types of biodiesel are not covered by EN 14214 which applies only to methyl esters i.e. biodiesel produced using methanol.
This European Standard exists in three official versions - English, French, German. The current version of the standard was published in November 2008 and supersedes EN 14214:2003.
Differences exist between the national versions of the EN 14214 standard. These differences relate to cold weather requirements and are detailed in the national annex of each standard.
It is broadly based on the earlier German standard DIN 51606. The ASTM and EN standards both recommend very similar methods for the GC based analyses.
Blends are designated as "B" followed by a number indicating the percentage biodiesel. For example: B100 is pure biodiesel. B99 is 99% biodiesel, 1% petrodiesel. B20 is 20% biodiesel and 80% fossil diesel.
Biodiesel
Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids with an alcohol....
.
The technical definition of biodiesel is a fuel suitable for use in compression ignition (diesel) engines that is made of fatty acid monoalkyl esters derived from biologically produced oils or fats including vegetable oils, animal fats and microalgal oils. When biodiesel is produced from these types of oil using methanol
Methanol
Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirits, is a chemical with the formula CH3OH . It is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, volatile, colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive odor very similar to, but slightly sweeter than, ethanol...
fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are produced. Biodiesel fuels can also be produced using other alcohols, for example using ethanol to produce fatty acid ethyl esters, however these types of biodiesel are not covered by EN 14214 which applies only to methyl esters i.e. biodiesel produced using methanol.
This European Standard exists in three official versions - English, French, German. The current version of the standard was published in November 2008 and supersedes EN 14214:2003.
Differences exist between the national versions of the EN 14214 standard. These differences relate to cold weather requirements and are detailed in the national annex of each standard.
It is broadly based on the earlier German standard DIN 51606. The ASTM and EN standards both recommend very similar methods for the GC based analyses.
Blends are designated as "B" followed by a number indicating the percentage biodiesel. For example: B100 is pure biodiesel. B99 is 99% biodiesel, 1% petrodiesel. B20 is 20% biodiesel and 80% fossil diesel.
Specifications
| Property | Units | lower limit | upper limit | Test-Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ester Ester Esters are chemical compounds derived by reacting an oxoacid with a hydroxyl compound such as an alcohol or phenol. Esters are usually derived from an inorganic acid or organic acid in which at least one -OH group is replaced by an -O-alkyl group, and most commonly from carboxylic acids and... content |
% (m/m) | 96,5 | ||
| EN 14103 | ||||
| Density Density The mass density or density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ . In some cases , density is also defined as its weight per unit volume; although, this quantity is more properly called specific weight... at 15°C |
kg/m³ | 860 | 900 | EN ISO 3675 / EN ISO 12185. |
| Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear or tensile stress. In everyday terms , viscosity is "thickness" or "internal friction". Thus, water is "thin", having a lower viscosity, while honey is "thick", having a higher viscosity... at 40°C |
mm²/s | 3,5 | 5,0 | EN ISO 3104 |
| Flash point Flash point The flash point of a volatile material is the lowest temperature at which it can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air. Measuring a flash point requires an ignition source... |
°C | > 101 | ||
| EN ISO 2719 / EN ISO 3679. | ||||
| Sulfur Sulfur Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element with atomic number 16. In the periodic table it is represented by the symbol S. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow... content |
mg/kg | |||
| 10 | ||||
| Carbon Carbon Carbon is the chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds... residue remnant (at 10% distillation Distillation Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatilities of components in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction.... remnant) |
% (m/m) | |||
| 0,3 | EN ISO 10370 | |||
| Cetane number Cetane number Cetane number or CN is a measurement of the combustion quality of diesel fuel during compression ignition. It is a significant expression of diesel fuel quality among a number of other measurements that determine overall diesel fuel quality.- Definition :... |
||||
| 51,0 | ||||
| EN ISO 5165 | ||||
| Sulfate Sulfate In inorganic chemistry, a sulfate is a salt of sulfuric acid.-Chemical properties:... d ash Volcanic ash Volcanic ash consists of small tephra, which are bits of pulverized rock and glass created by volcanic eruptions, less than in diameter. There are three mechanisms of volcanic ash formation: gas release under decompression causing magmatic eruptions; thermal contraction from chilling on contact... content |
% (m/m) | |||
| 0,02 | ISO 3987 | |||
| Water Water Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. A water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state . Water also exists in a... content |
mg/kg | |||
| 500 | EN ISO 12937 | |||
| Total contamination | mg/kg | |||
| 24 | EN 12662 | |||
| Copper band corrosion Corrosion Corrosion is the disintegration of an engineered material into its constituent atoms due to chemical reactions with its surroundings. In the most common use of the word, this means electrochemical oxidation of metals in reaction with an oxidant such as oxygen... (3 hours at 50 °C) |
rating | Class 1 | Class 1 | EN ISO 2160 |
| Oxidation stability Chemical stability Chemical stability when used in the technical sense in chemistry, means thermodynamic stability of a chemical system.Thermodynamic stability occurs when a system is in its lowest energy state, or chemical equilibrium with its environment. This may be a dynamic equilibrium, where individual atoms... , 110°C |
hours | 6 | ||
| prEN 15751 / EN 14112 | ||||
| Acid value | mg KOH/g | |||
| 0,5 | EN 14104 | |||
| Iodine value | ||||
| 120 | EN 14111 | |||
| Linolenic Acid Alpha-linolenic acid α-Linolenic acid is an organic compound found in many common vegetable oils. In terms of its structure, it is named all-cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid. In physiological literature, it is given the name 18:3 .... Methylester |
% (m/m) | |||
| 12 | EN 14103 | |||
| Polyunsaturated (>= 4 Double bond Double bond A double bond in chemistry is a chemical bond between two chemical elements involving four bonding electrons instead of the usual two. The most common double bond, that between two carbon atoms, can be found in alkenes. Many types of double bonds between two different elements exist, for example in... s) Methylester |
% (m/m) | |||
| 1 | EN 14103 | |||
| Methanol Methanol Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirits, is a chemical with the formula CH3OH . It is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, volatile, colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive odor very similar to, but slightly sweeter than, ethanol... content |
% (m/m) | |||
| 0,2 | EN 14110l | |||
| Monoglyceride Monoglyceride A monoglyceride, more correctly known as a monoacylglycerol, is a glyceride consisting of one fatty acid chain covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through an ester linkage.... content |
% (m/m) | |||
| 0,8 | EN 14105 | |||
| Diglyceride Diglyceride A diglyceride, or a diacylglycerol , is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages.... content |
% (m/m) | |||
| 0,2 | EN 14105 | |||
| Triglyceride Triglyceride A triglyceride is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. There are many triglycerides, depending on the oil source, some are highly unsaturated, some less so.... content |
% (m/m) | |||
| 0,2 | EN 14105 | |||
| Free Glycerine | % (m/m) | |||
| 0,02 | EN 14105 / EN 14106 | |||
| Total Glycerine | % (m/m) | |||
| 0,25 | EN 14105 | |||
| Group I metals (Na+K) | mg/kg | |||
| 5 | EN 14108 / EN 14109 / EN 14538 | |||
| Group II metals (Ca+Mg) | mg/kg | |||
| 5 | EN 14538 | |||
| Phosphorus Phosphorus Phosphorus is the chemical element that has the symbol P and atomic number 15. A multivalent nonmetal of the nitrogen group, phosphorus as a mineral is almost always present in its maximally oxidized state, as inorganic phosphate rocks... content |
mg/kg | |||
| 4 | EN14107 |
See also
- ASTM D6751ASTM D6751ASTM D6751-08 details standards and specifications for biodiesels blended with middle distillate fuels.This specification standard specifies various test methods to be used in the determination of certain properties for biodiesel blends...
: the standard used in USA and Canada - ENEuropean Committee for StandardizationThe European Committee for Standardization or Comité Européen de Normalisation , is a non-profit organisation whose mission is to foster the European economy in global trading, the welfare of European citizens and the environment by providing an efficient infrastructure to interested parties for...
- EN 590EN 590EN590 describes the physical properties that all automotive diesel fuel must meet if it is to be sold in the European Union, Croatia, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland....
- List of EN standards