Duke of Châtellerault
Encyclopedia
The French noble title of Duke of Châtellerault (French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...

: Duc de Châtellerault) has been created several times.

The first was for François de Bourbon-Montpensier, a younger son of Gilbert, Comte de Montpensier. He received the duchy-peerage of Châtellerault
Châtellerault
Châtellerault is a commune in the Vienne department in the Poitou-Charentes region in France.It is located to the north of Poitou, and the residents are called Châtelleraudais.-Geography:...

 in 1515, but died the same year, being succeeded by his brother Charles, jure uxoris Duke of Bourbon
Duke of Bourbon
Duke of Bourbon is a title in the peerage of France. It was created in the first half of the 14th century for the eldest son of Robert of France, Count of Clermont and Beatrice of Burgundy, heiress of the lordship of Bourbon...

 and Auvergne. This title was confiscated in 1527 after the Duke, who was Constable of France
Constable of France
The Constable of France , as the First Officer of the Crown, was one of the original five Great Officers of the Crown of France and Commander in Chief of the army. He, theoretically, as Lieutenant-general of the King, outranked all the nobles and was second-in-command only to the King...

, betrayed the King
Francis I of France
Francis I was King of France from 1515 until his death. During his reign, huge cultural changes took place in France and he has been called France's original Renaissance monarch...

 by allying himself with the Emperor Charles V
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand I and his son Philip II in 1556.As...

.

The duchies of Châtellerault and Bourbon were then conferred on Louise of Savoy
Louise of Savoy
Louise of Savoy was a French noble, Duchess regnant of Auvergne and Bourbon, Duchess of Nemours, the mother of King Francis I of France...

, the mother of King Francis I
Francis I of France
Francis I was King of France from 1515 until his death. During his reign, huge cultural changes took place in France and he has been called France's original Renaissance monarch...

, but the latter title became extinct in 1530 when she ceded the territory of the duchy to Louis de Bourbon, Prince de la Roche-sur-Yon
Louis III de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier
Louis de Bourbon was the second Duke of Montpensier. He was the great great grandfather of la Grande Mademoiselle.-Biography:...

 and later also Duc de Montpensier. However, the dukedom was again conferred on Louise of Savoy that year, and she retained it until her death in 1532.

The dukedom was next created for Louise's grandson Charles, son of King Francis I, who was created Duke of Orléans, Duke of Châtellerault and Duke of Angoulême in 1540. He died in 1545, when these titles became extinct.

The next creation of the dukedom was in 1548, for James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran
James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran
James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault and 2nd Earl of Arran was a Scottish nobleman.-Biography:He was the eldest legitimate son of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran....

, and Regent of Scotland, who arranged the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots, to the Dauphin Francis
Francis II of France
Francis II was aged 15 when he succeeded to the throne of France after the accidental death of his father, King Henry II, in 1559. He reigned for 18 months before he died in December 1560...

, son of King Henry II
Henry II of France
Henry II was King of France from 31 March 1547 until his death in 1559.-Early years:Henry was born in the royal Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, the son of Francis I and Claude, Duchess of Brittany .His father was captured at the Battle of Pavia in 1525 by his sworn enemy,...

, and who had been promised a duchy
Duchy
A duchy is a territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess.Some duchies were sovereign in areas that would become unified realms only during the Modern era . In contrast, others were subordinate districts of those kingdoms that unified either partially or completely during the Medieval era...

 by the Treaty of Châtillon, 1548. However, he turned against the Queen in 1559, and his French estates and title were confiscated.

The next recipient of the dukedom was Diane, legitimated daughter of Henry II
Henry II of France
Henry II was King of France from 31 March 1547 until his death in 1559.-Early years:Henry was born in the royal Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, the son of Francis I and Claude, Duchess of Brittany .His father was captured at the Battle of Pavia in 1525 by his sworn enemy,...

 and Filippa Duci, in 1563. However, she exchanged Châtellerault for the duchy of Angoulême in 1582.

The next year, the dukedom was given to François, Duke of Montpensier, son of Louis above-mentioned. His granddaughter Marie, Duchesse de Montpensier, married Gaston, Duke of Orléans
Gaston, Duke of Orléans
Gaston of France, , also known as Gaston d'Orléans, was the third son of King Henry IV of France and his wife Marie de Medici. As a son of the king, he was born a Fils de France. He later acquired the title Duke of Orléans, by which he was generally known during his adulthood...

, son of King Henry IV
Henry IV of France
Henry IV , Henri-Quatre, was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. He was the first monarch of the Bourbon branch of the Capetian dynasty in France....

, and their daughter Anne, "La Grande Mademoiselle", inherited the dukedoms of Montpensier and Châtellerault. She died in 1693, when the titles became extinct, and left the territory of the dukedom to her paternal first cousin Philip I, Duke of Orléans, son of King Louis XIII
Louis XIII of France
Louis XIII was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1610 to 1643.Louis was only eight years old when he succeeded his father. His mother, Marie de Medici, acted as regent during Louis' minority...

.

In the 1720s, he sold the lands to Frédéric Guillaume de la Trémouille, Prince de Talmont, whose son Anne Frédéric was created Duke of Châtellerault in 1730. He succeeded his father as Prince de Talmont in 1738 and died without issue in 1759, when the dukedom became extinct, and the lands passed to another branch of the La Trémoille family.

That was the last proper creation of the dukedom, but in 1864, the Hamilton creation of 1548 was revived by the Emperor Napoleon III. However, this revival was neither in favour of the heir under the original letters patent, the 14th Earl of Derby
Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby
Edward George Geoffrey Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, KG, PC was an English statesman, three times Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and to date the longest serving leader of the Conservative Party. He was known before 1834 as Edward Stanley, and from 1834 to 1851 as Lord Stanley...

, nor in favour of the heir-male, the 2nd Marquess of Abercorn
James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn
James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn KG PC , styled Viscount Hamilton from 1814 to 1818 and the Marquess of Abercorn from 1818 to 1868, was a British Conservative politician and statesman who twice served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.In 1860, The Times noted that Hamilton was one of only three to...

, but rather in favour of the 12th Duke of Hamilton, who was a third cousin once removed of the Emperor through his mother the former Princess Marie Elisabeth of Baden. He died without male issue in 1895, and was succeeded as Duke of Hamilton by his fourth cousin Alfred, Duke of Hamilton. The Dukes of Hamilton
Duke of Hamilton
Duke of Hamilton is a title in the Peerage of Scotland, created in 1643. It is the senior dukedom in that Peerage , and as such its holder is the Premier Peer of Scotland, as well as being head of both the House of Hamilton and the House of Douglas...

 and the Dukes of Abercorn
Duke of Abercorn
The title Duke of Abercorn was created in the Peerage of Ireland in 1868 and bestowed upon James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Abercorn.This article also covers the Earls and Marquesses of Abercorn, all named after Abercorn, West Lothian, in Scotland.-History:...

 have since then used the title in France, though without any legal justification.

Dukes of Châtellerault, first creation (1515)

  • François de Bourbon-Montpensier, 1st Duke of Châtellerault (1492–1515)
  • Charles de Bourbon-Montpensier, 2nd Duke of Châtellerault
    Charles III, Duke of Bourbon
    Charles III, Duke of Bourbon was a French military leader, the Count of Montpensier and Dauphin of Auvergne. He commanded the Imperial troops of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in what became known as the Sack of Rome in 1527, where he was killed.-Biography:Charles was born at Montpensier...

     (1490–1527), title forfeit 1527

Dukes of Châtellerault, second and third creations (1527 and 1530)

  • Louise of Savoy
    Louise of Savoy
    Louise of Savoy was a French noble, Duchess regnant of Auvergne and Bourbon, Duchess of Nemours, the mother of King Francis I of France...

     (1476–1532)

Dukes of Châtellerault, fourth creation (1540)

  • Charles de Valois, 1st Duke of Orléans and Châtellerault (1522–1545)

Dukes of Châtellerault, fifth creation (1548)

  • James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Châtellerault
    James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran
    James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault and 2nd Earl of Arran was a Scottish nobleman.-Biography:He was the eldest legitimate son of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran....

     (1515–1575)

Dukes of Châtellerault, sixth creation (1563)

  • Diane de France, 1st Duchess of Châtellerault
    Diane de France
    Diane de France was the natural daughter of Henry II, King of France, and his Piedmontese mistress Filippa Duci. Some sources claim that she was the daughter of Diane de Poitiers....

     (1538–1619), duchy exchanged for that of Angoulême in 1582

Dukes of Châtellerault, seventh creation (1583)

  • François de Bourbon-Montpensier, 1st Duke of Châtellerault (d. 1592)
  • Henri de Bourbon-Montpensier, 2nd Duke of Châtellerault (1573–1608)
  • Marie de Bourbon-Montpensier, 3rd Duchess of Châtellerault (1605–1627)
  • Anne Louise d'Orléans, 4th Duchess of Châtellerault
    Anne, Duchess of Montpensier
    Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier, known as La Grande Mademoiselle, was the eldest daughter of Gaston d'Orléans, and his first wife Marie de Bourbon. One of the greatest heiresses in history, she died unmarried and childless, leaving her vast fortune to her cousin, Philippe of...

     (1627–1693)

    • Also used by the House of Orléans
      House of Orleans
      Orléans is the name used by several branches of the Royal House of France, all descended in the legitimate male line from the dynasty's founder, Hugh Capet. It became a tradition during France's ancien régime for the duchy of Orléans to be granted as an appanage to a younger son of the king...


Dukes of Châtellerault, eighth creation (1730)

  • Anne Charles Frédéric de La Trémouille, 1st Duke Châtellerault (1711–1759)

Dukes of Châtellerault, fifth creation, revived (1864)

  • William Alexander Louis Stephen Douglas-Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Châtellerault (1845–1895), 12th Duke of Hamilton

Sources

  • http://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/peerage2.htm
  • http://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/scotfr.htm#arran
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