Châtellerault
Encyclopedia
Châtellerault is a commune
in the Vienne
department in the Poitou-Charentes
region
in France
.
It is located to the north of Poitou
, and the residents are called Châtelleraudais.
River joins the Vienne River
near Châtellerault, in Cenon-sur-Vienne
.
of Poitou, established by the Count of Poitiers
to secure his borders in the early 10th century. The count's local representative, the Vicomte de Châtellerault was established as a hereditary appointment by the time of Airaud who was probably a kinsman of the counts of Auvergne and dukes of Aquitaine; his heirs were vicomtes (viscounts) until the mid-11th century.
The daughter of Aymeric I, Ænor of Châtellerault
(ca 1103 - ca 1130), whose mother had been the "mistress" in the new courtly love poetry of the troubadour
lord William
, sixth Count of Poitiers
and ninth Duke of Aquitaine, who lodged in his tower the "Dangereuse de Châtellerault
," married his son, William X of Aquitaine
, and was mother of Eleanor of Aquitaine
.
The title, Vicomte de Châtellerault, passed in turn to each of three great French noble families: La Rochefoucauld
, Lusignan
and, from the thirteenth century until the French Revolution
, to the family of Harcourt
.
However, in return for services offered to the Crowns of Scotland
and France
, the title of Duc de Châtellerault(1548) was presented to James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran
, Chief of the Name, and regent of Scotland during Mary, Queen of Scots, and France
's infancy. This title, though now without any benefices, is still in contention between the heir male and the heir general of Arran, respectively the Duke of Abercorn
and the Duke of Hamilton
. (see Chatelherault Country Park
, Lanarkshire.)
scholars and researchers upon written request.
, Germany, since 1965 Kaya
, Burkina Faso, since 1976 Corby
, United Kingdom, since 1979 Bouctouche
, Canada, since 1984 http://www.bouctouche.ca South Kent County, Canada
Castellón de la Plana
, Spain (since 1987) Hamilton
, United Kingdom, since 1993 Piła, Poland, since 1994
Communes of France
The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. French communes are roughly equivalent to incorporated municipalities or villages in the United States or Gemeinden in Germany...
in the Vienne
Vienne
Vienne is the northernmost département of the Poitou-Charentes region of France, named after the river Vienne.- Viennese history :Vienne is one of the original 83 departments, established on March 4, 1790 during the French Revolution. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Poitou,...
department in the Poitou-Charentes
Poitou-Charentes
Poitou-Charentes is an administrative region in central western France comprising four departments: Charente, Charente-Maritime, Deux-Sèvres and Vienne. The regional capital is Poitiers.-Politics:The regional council is composed of 56 members...
region
Régions of France
France is divided into 27 administrative regions , 22 of which are in Metropolitan France, and five of which are overseas. Corsica is a territorial collectivity , but is considered a region in mainstream usage, and is even shown as such on the INSEE website...
in France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
.
It is located to the north of Poitou
Poitou
Poitou was a province of west-central France whose capital city was Poitiers.The region of Poitou was called Thifalia in the sixth century....
, and the residents are called Châtelleraudais.
Geography
The ClainClain
The Clain is a 144 km long river in western France, left tributary of the river Vienne. Its source is near Hiesse, in the Charente department.The Clain flows generally north through the following departments and towns:*Charente...
River joins the Vienne River
Vienne River
The Vienne is one of the most important rivers in south-western France, a significant left tributary of the lower Loire. It supports numerous hydro-electric dams, and it is the main river of the Limousin region and also of the eastern part of the Poitou-Charentes region.Two French départements are...
near Châtellerault, in Cenon-sur-Vienne
Cenon-sur-Vienne
Cenon-sur-Vienne is a commune in the Vienne department in the Poitou-Charentes region in western France.-Demographics:-References:*...
.
History
Châtellerault was an important stronghold on the northern marshMarsh
In geography, a marsh, or morass, is a type of wetland that is subject to frequent or continuous flood. Typically the water is shallow and features grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, other herbaceous plants, and moss....
of Poitou, established by the Count of Poitiers
Count of Poitiers
Among the people who have borne the title of Count of Poitiers are:*Guerin **Hatton **Renaud...
to secure his borders in the early 10th century. The count's local representative, the Vicomte de Châtellerault was established as a hereditary appointment by the time of Airaud who was probably a kinsman of the counts of Auvergne and dukes of Aquitaine; his heirs were vicomtes (viscounts) until the mid-11th century.
The daughter of Aymeric I, Ænor of Châtellerault
Aenor de Châtellerault
Aénor of Châtellerault, duchess of Aquitaine was the mother of Eleanor of Aquitaine, arguably the most powerful woman in Europe of her generation....
(ca 1103 - ca 1130), whose mother had been the "mistress" in the new courtly love poetry of the troubadour
Troubadour
A troubadour was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages . Since the word "troubadour" is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a trobairitz....
lord William
William IX of Aquitaine
William IX , called the Troubador, was the Duke of Aquitaine and Gascony and Count of Poitou between 1086 and his death. He was also one of the leaders of the Crusade of 1101...
, sixth Count of Poitiers
Count of Poitiers
Among the people who have borne the title of Count of Poitiers are:*Guerin **Hatton **Renaud...
and ninth Duke of Aquitaine, who lodged in his tower the "Dangereuse de Châtellerault
Dangereuse de L' Isle Bouchard
Dangereuse de L' Isle Bouchard was a daughter of Barthelemy de L'Isle Bouchard and his wife Gerberge de Blaison. She was the maternal grandmother of the celebrated Eleanor of Aquitaine. She was also mistress to her granddaughters' paternal grandfather William IX, Duke of Aquitaine...
," married his son, William X of Aquitaine
William X of Aquitaine
William X , called the Saint, was Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, and Count of Poitou between 1126 and 1137. He was the son of William IX by his second wife, Philippa of Toulouse....
, and was mother of Eleanor of Aquitaine
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Eleanor of Aquitaine was one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in Western Europe during the High Middle Ages. As well as being Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right, she was queen consort of France and of England...
.
The title, Vicomte de Châtellerault, passed in turn to each of three great French noble families: La Rochefoucauld
La Rochefoucauld, Charente
La Rochefoucauld is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.It lies very close to the line which delineated occupied France and Vichy France during World War II.-Etymology:...
, Lusignan
Lusignan
The Lusignan family originated in Poitou near Lusignan in western France in the early 10th century. By the end of the 11th century, they had risen to become the most prominent petty lords in the region from their castle at Lusignan...
and, from the thirteenth century until the French Revolution
French Revolution
The French Revolution , sometimes distinguished as the 'Great French Revolution' , was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France and Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years...
, to the family of Harcourt
House of Harcourt
The House of Harcourt is a Norman family, descended from the Viking Bernard the Dane and named after its seigneurie of Harcourt in Normandy. Its mottos were "Gesta verbis praeveniant" , "Gesta verbis praevenient" , and "Le bon temps viendra .....
.
However, in return for services offered to the Crowns of Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
and France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, the title of Duc de Châtellerault(1548) was presented to James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran
James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran
James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault and 2nd Earl of Arran was a Scottish nobleman.-Biography:He was the eldest legitimate son of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran....
, Chief of the Name, and regent of Scotland during Mary, Queen of Scots, and France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
's infancy. This title, though now without any benefices, is still in contention between the heir male and the heir general of Arran, respectively the Duke of Abercorn
Duke of Abercorn
The title Duke of Abercorn was created in the Peerage of Ireland in 1868 and bestowed upon James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Abercorn.This article also covers the Earls and Marquesses of Abercorn, all named after Abercorn, West Lothian, in Scotland.-History:...
and the Duke of Hamilton
Duke of Hamilton
Duke of Hamilton is a title in the Peerage of Scotland, created in 1643. It is the senior dukedom in that Peerage , and as such its holder is the Premier Peer of Scotland, as well as being head of both the House of Hamilton and the House of Douglas...
. (see Chatelherault Country Park
Chatelherault Country Park
Chatelherault Country Park is a country park in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, Scotland.Its name is derived from the French town of Châtellerault, the title Duc de Châtellerault being held by the Duke of Hamilton....
, Lanarkshire.)
Economy
From medieval times, Châtellerault was known for its cutlery and swordmaking industry, and in 1816 the commune became a center for arms manufacture for the French government.The Manufacture d'armes de Châtellerault was one of France's four principal state-owned arms manufacturers, providing most of the infantry small arms used by the French Army and Navy. MAC was created in 1819, and operated continually until it was closed as a weapon manufacturing facility in 1968. It saw the creation in 1886, and later the mass production, of the Lebel rifle which was the main French infantry weapon used during the First World War (1914–18). The facility has now been transformed into the central repository (Centre des Archives de l'Armement et du Personnel) of all the French military archives related to armament matters. Archived and declassified MAC records are open to bona fideBona Fide
Bona Fide is a studio album from rock band Wishbone Ash. It is the first studio album in six years and is the only studio album to feature guitarist Ben Granfelt...
scholars and researchers upon written request.
Births
Châtellerault was the birthplace of:- Sylvain ChavanelSylvain ChavanelSylvain Chavanel Albira is a French professional road bicycle racer. His brother Sébastien Chavanel is also a cyclist.Chavanel started his professional career in 2000 with Jean-René Bernaudeau's team Bonjour, which became Brioches La Boulangère in 2003...
(born 1979) and Sébastien ChavanelSébastien ChavanelSébastien Chavanel is a French professional road bicycle racer for UCI Professional Continental team . He is a younger brother, by just under 2 years, to fellow pro cyclist Sylvain Chavanel.- Palmares :20032004...
(born 1981), professional cyclists - Benoît CauetBenoît CauetBenoît Cauet is a French former football midfielder. He won the Ligue 1 in 1989 and 1990 with Marseille and in 1995 with Nantes. He also won the Coupe de France in 1989 with Marseille and the UEFA Cup in 1998 with Internazionale F.C., as well as the Bulgarian A Professional Football Group in 2005...
(born 1969) - Clément JanequinClément JanequinClément Janequin was a French composer of the Renaissance. He was one of the most famous composers of popular chansons of the entire Renaissance, and along with Claudin de Sermisy, was hugely influential in the development of the Parisian chanson, especially the programmatic type...
(c. 1485-1558), composer of the RenaissanceRenaissance musicRenaissance music is European music written during the Renaissance. Defining the beginning of the musical era is difficult, given that its defining characteristics were adopted only gradually; musicologists have placed its beginnings from as early as 1300 to as late as the 1470s.Literally meaning...
. - Bernard Panafieu (born 1931), archbishop of Marseille and Cardinal Priest of the Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic ChurchThe Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...
- Charles SabourinCharles SabourinCharles Sabourin Charles Sabourin Charles Sabourin (19 June 1849 – 1920 was a French pathologist and pulmonologist born in Châtellerault, Vienne.Sabourin studied medicine in Paris, and later served in hospitals of Paris. He specialized in medical research and therapy, receiving recognition...
(1849-1920), pulmonologist
Twin towns
Châtellerault is twinned with: VelbertVelbert
Velbert is a town in the district of Mettmann, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Langenberg, a district of Velbert, is well known as the location of the Sender Langenberg transmitter site.-Geography:...
, Germany, since 1965 Kaya
Kaya
-Music:*Kaya , singer and creator of Seggae*Kaya , real name Francis Martin Lavergne*Kaya , former member of Schwarz Stein*Kaya , based in Liverpool...
, Burkina Faso, since 1976 Corby
Corby
Corby Town is a town and borough located in the county of Northamptonshire. Corby Town is 23 miles north-east of the county town, Northampton. The borough had a population of 53,174 at the 2001 Census; the town on its own accounted for 49,222 of this figure...
, United Kingdom, since 1979 Bouctouche
Bouctouche, New Brunswick
Bouctouche is a Canadian town in Kent County, New Brunswick and in 2006 Census the population was 2,383.The town is located at the mouth of the Bouctouche River on the coast of the Northumberland Strait, approximately 40 kilometres northeast of Moncton....
, Canada, since 1984 http://www.bouctouche.ca South Kent County, Canada
Kent County, New Brunswick
Kent County is located in east-central New Brunswick, Canada. The county features a unique blend of cultures including Mi'kmaq, Acadian and English Speaking Settlers...
Castellón de la Plana
Castellón de la Plana
Castellón de la Plana or Castelló de la Plana is the capital city of the province of Castelló, in the Valencian Community, Spain, in the east of the Iberian Peninsula, on the Costa del Azahar by the Mediterranean Sea...
, Spain (since 1987) Hamilton
Hamilton, South Lanarkshire
Hamilton is a town in South Lanarkshire, in the west-central Lowlands of Scotland. It serves as the main administrative centre of the South Lanarkshire council area. It is the fifth-biggest town in Scotland after Paisley, East Kilbride, Livingston and Cumbernauld...
, United Kingdom, since 1993 Piła, Poland, since 1994