Duke of Bourbon
Encyclopedia
Peerage of France
The Peerage of France was a distinction within the French nobility which appeared in the Middle Ages. It was abolished in 1789 during the French Revolution, but it reappeared in 1814 at the time of the Bourbon Restoration which followed the fall of the First French Empire...
. It was created in the first half of the 14th century for the eldest son of Robert of France, Count of Clermont
Robert, Count of Clermont
Robert of France was made Count of Clermont in 1268. He was son of King Louis IX of France and Margaret of Provence...
and Beatrice of Burgundy, heiress of the lordship of Bourbon
Sire de Bourbon
The Sire de Bourbon or Seigneur de Bourbon, meaning Lord of Bourbon, was the title by which the rulers of the Bourbonnais were known, from 913 to 1327, and from which the cognomen of the illustrious royal House of the same name derives...
. In 1416, with the death of John of Valois
John, Duke of Berry
John of Valois or John the Magnificent was Duke of Berry and Auvergne and Count of Poitiers and Montpensier. He was the third son of King John II of France and Bonne of Luxemburg; his brothers were King Charles V of France, Duke Louis I of Anjou and Duke Philip the Bold of Burgundy...
, the Dukes of Bourbon, were simultaneously Dukes of Auvergne
Rulers of Auvergne
-History:In the 7th century Auvergne was disputed between the Franks and Aquitanians. It was later conquered by the Carolingians, and was integrated for a time into the kingdom of Aquitaine...
.
Although the line came to an end in 1527, it is from the Dukes of Bourbon that emerge all ramifications of the House of Bourbon
House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...
, which include monarchs of France and Spain. After this date, the title was given to several Princes of Condé and sons of the French Royal family.
Peerage
- 1327-1342 : Louis de Bourbon, the lame or the greatLouis I, Duke of BourbonLouis I de Bourbon, le Boiteux, the Lame was Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and La Marche, and the first Duke of Bourbon.-Life:...
- 1342-1356 : Pierre de BourbonPeter I, Duke of BourbonPeter I of Bourbon was the second Duke of Bourbon, from 1342 to his death.Peter was son of Louis I of Bourbon, whom he also succeeded as Grand Chamberlain of France, and Mary of Avesnes....
(son of) - 1356–1410 : Louis de BourbonLouis II, Duke of BourbonLouis de Bourbon, called the Good , son of Peter de Bourbon and Isabella de Valois, was the third Duke of Bourbon....
(son of) - 1410–1434 : John de BourbonJohn I, Duke of BourbonJean de Bourbon was Duke of Bourbon, from 1410 to his death and Duke of Auvergne since 1416. He was the eldest son of Louis II and Anna d'Auvergne...
(son of) - 1434–1456 : Charles de BourbonCharles I, Duke of BourbonCharles de Bourbon was the oldest son of John I, Duke of Bourbon and Marie, Duchess of Auvergne.He was Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis from 1424, and Duke of Bourbon and Auvergne from 1434 to his death, although due to the imprisonment of his father after the Battle of Agincourt, he acquired...
(son of) - 1456–1488 : Jean de BourbonJohn II, Duke of BourbonJohn de Bourbon, Duke of Bourbon , sometimes referred to as John the Good and The Scourge of the English, was a son of Charles I of Bourbon and Agnes of Burgundy...
(son of) - 1488–1488 : Charles de BourbonCharles II, Duke of BourbonCharles II, Duke of Bourbon , the son of Charles I, Duke of Bourbon and Agnes of Burgundy, was a member of the House of Bourbon...
(brother of, also cardinal and archbishop of Lyon) - 1488–1503 : Pierre de BourbonPeter II, Duke of BourbonPeter II, Duke of Bourbon was the son of Charles I, Duke of Bourbon and Agnes of Burgundy, and a member of the House of Bourbon...
(brother of) - 1503–1521 : Suzanne de BourbonSuzanne, Duchess of BourbonSuzanne de Bourbon was suo jure Duchess of Bourbon and Auvergne from 1503 to her death. Her husband was Charles de Bourbon.-Inheritance and marriage:...
(daughter of, married) - 1505-1527 : Charles de BourbonCharles III, Duke of BourbonCharles III, Duke of Bourbon was a French military leader, the Count of Montpensier and Dauphin of Auvergne. He commanded the Imperial troops of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in what became known as the Sack of Rome in 1527, where he was killed.-Biography:Charles was born at Montpensier...
(also count of Montpensier and dauphin of Auvergne)
From 1503 onwards, Charles III de Bourbon, a member of the House of Bourbon-Montpensier, a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon at that time, was heir male of Bourbon ducal dynasty. Because Pierre II Bourbon's son, Charles de Bourbon, count of Clermont, had died in 1489 and he had no male heirs. This was consolidated with the title of duke of Bourbon, because of his marriage with Suzanne of Bourbon.
The so-called House of Bourbon-Montpensier was the senior branch of the House of Bourbon from 1503 onwards.
He was later stripped of his titles and possessions in 1523, because of his betrayal of the king of France and his collaboration with the Holy Roman Emperor. None of his children by his wife Suzanne survived a year of age. Thus, the line of Bourbon-Montpensier was extinct in the male line from 1527 onward. The junior line, of Bourbon-Vendôme, however were not allowed to inherit, because Charles III had forfeited his fiefs because of his treason.
Therefore, the heir male of the Bourbon family belonged to the House of Bourbon-La Marche from 1527 onwards, in the person of Charles de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme until he died in 1537. He was succeeded by his son, Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme
Antoine of Navarre
Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme was head of the House of Bourbon from 1537 to 1562, and jure uxoris King of Navarre from 1555 to 1562.-Family:...
, who died in 1562. He was succeeded by his son Henry (IV/III) of Bourbon, king of France and Navarre
Henry IV of France
Henry IV , Henri-Quatre, was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. He was the first monarch of the Bourbon branch of the Capetian dynasty in France....
. All the present day family members descend from him. The House of Bourbon-La Marche renamed itself the House of Bourbon.
After 1523 : personal title
The title of duke of Bourbon was bestowed at least twice, after the incorporation of the duchy into the royal domainCrown lands of France
The crown lands, crown estate, royal domain or domaine royal of France refers to the lands, fiefs and rights directly possessed by the kings of France...
.
- Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon (1692-1740)
- Louis Henri, Prince of Condé (1756-1830)
After 1793 : courtesy title
- 1950–1975 : Alphonse de BourbonAlfonso, Duke of Anjou and CádizAlfonso, Duke of Anjou and Duke of Cádiz, Grandee of Spain was a grandson of King Alfonso XIII of Spain and a Legitimist claimant to the throne of France.-Life:Alfonso was born in the Clinica Santa Anna in Rome, the elder son of Infante...
(1936-1989) (afterwards Duke of Anjou, also Duke of Cadiz) - 1975–1984 : François de Bourbon (1972-1984) (son of, formerly Duke of Bretagne)
- 1984-present : Louis Alphonse de BourbonLouis Alphonse, Duke of AnjouPrince Louis Alphonse of Bourbon, Duke of Anjou was not originally among his given names ; born 25 April 1974, Madrid) is a member of the historically royal dynasty of the House of Bourbon, and one of the current pretenders to the defunct crown of France...
(1974-present) (brother of, formerly Duke of Touraine, afterwards Duke of Anjou)
See also
- Sire de BourbonSire de BourbonThe Sire de Bourbon or Seigneur de Bourbon, meaning Lord of Bourbon, was the title by which the rulers of the Bourbonnais were known, from 913 to 1327, and from which the cognomen of the illustrious royal House of the same name derives...
- House of BourbonHouse of BourbonThe House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...
- House of Bourbon-La Marche
- House of Bourbon-VendômeBourbon-VendômeThe Bourbon-Vendôme family was an illegitimate branch of the senior line of the House of Bourbon, being thus part of the Capetian dynasty. It was founded by César de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme...
- House of Bourbon-MontpensierHouse of Bourbon-MontpensierThe House of Bourbon-Montpensier or Maison de Bourbon-Montpensier was a semi royal family. The name of Bourbon comes from a marriage between Marie de Valois, comtesse de Montpensier who married Jean de Bourbon - the duc de Bourbon...
- Duchess of Bourbon