Domingo Ram y Lanaja
Encyclopedia
Domenec Ram y Lanaja was a Spanish politician and diplomat who was Viceroy of Sicily in 1415–1419, succeeding Prince John of Aragon, later King John II of Aragon
.
, in what is now the province of Teruel.
He joined the Canons Regular of Saint Augustine, studying at the University of Lleida
and receiving a doctorate in canon and civil law, then described as "utroque iure", in 1406. He was a Prior of the priests community serving the churches of Alcañiz in 1395, participating in the Courts of Aragon, in Zaragoza
in 1395. In 1405, he was the collector of the Archdiocese of Zaragoza
and as such, he set aside the funds for the papal court of Avignon
.
On August 1, 1406, he was admitted by Antipope Benedict XIII
as referendary of his chancery in Monaco
. Prior of the church of San Salvador of Zaragoza in 1406, he would become a personal attendant of Antipope Benedict XIII at Perpignan
, France
, on May 1, 1407. The antipope sent him as "nuncio" to Spain, especially before King Martin I of Aragon
, and he was one of the seven ambassadors sent by Benedict XIII at the beginning of 1409 to negotiate the abdication with the Council of Pisa
and the papal court of Pope Gregory XII; the mission was a complete failure. In 1409, he attended the Council of Perpignan, being elected Bishop of Huesca on 5 May 1410.
The succession crisis on the Aragonese Royalty, circa 1412, prompted his choice to be one of the 3 representatives acting as Judges of the Aragonese Crown in June 1412 in what is described as the Caspe
compromises to elect a new king. The outcome of it was the choice of the Castilian Prince, "Infante Fernando de Antequera", of ailing health, too, as was his brother king Henry III of Castile
as new king Ferdinand I of Aragón
, deceased however in 1416. He had been consecrated by Ram y Lanaja as a new king of Aragon on January 15, 1414. At the beginning of 1415, he was sent to Naples
by the king of Aragón to arrange the final details of the marriage of Infante D. Juan of Aragón, later king John II of Aragon
with Queen Joan II of Naples
.
In 1415 he was invested a nuncio of Benedict XIII in Naples
, Sicily
, Sardinia
, and Corsica
; his mission was to convince Queen Joan II of Naples
to join the obedience of Avignon
Popes but at the last minute, the queen changed her mind and married French Prince Jacques de Bourbon and maintained her allegiance to Rome
.
Domingo Ram was Viceroy of Aragonese Sicily from 1415 to 1419. He was transferred to the see of Lleida on November 13, 1415; one of his vicars general was Alfonso de Borja, future Pope Callixtus III. He participated in the Council of Lleida, inaugurated on October 9, 1418. He left the obedience of Avignon and joined the one of Rome. Created cardinal priest in secret in the secret consistory of July 23, 1423, with the title of Santi Giovanni e Paolo
.
In 1424, he was the driving force of the Council of Tarragona, convoked to finish the last vestiges of the schism; in the name of the participants, he admonished King Alfonso V of Aragon
for the support he was giving to schismatics of Peñíscola, those supporting Benedict and the measures he had taken against Pope Martin V, inspired on political reasons, such as the matter of Naples. Named president of the Generalitat of Catalonia, July 14, 1428. In September 1429, he had a very active part in the Council of Tortosa
, along with Cardinal Pierre de Foix, papal legate, to end the remnants of the Western Schism; he responded to the inaugural address of the legate and intervened in the revision of the twenty-two constitutions of reform, among them a very important one concerning the catechism. Named administrator of the see of Lérida, March 10, 1430; occupied the post until July 20, 1435.
King Alfonso V named him the first of three ambassadors, who, together with the ambassadors of Navarra, negotiated a truce with the king of Castilla; the five year truce was achieved near Soria on July 16, 1430 and publicly announced on the following July 25. Did not participate in the conclave of 1431, which elected Pope Eugenius IV. Cardinal protoprete in March 1434. Administrator of the see of Tarragona, August 25, 1434. On March 24, 1435, together with Federico Ventimilia and Jaime Pelegrin, he requested for King Alfonso V of Aragón
the investiture as king of Naples. He attended against the will of Pope Eugenius IV and entered the city on July 10, 1438.
He was added to the conciliar embassy sent to the Diet of Frankfurt on February 23, 1439. King Alfonso V accredited him as his ambassador at the Council of Basel in 1439; following the royal instructions, he strongly opposed the deposition of Pope Eugenius IV; for his participation in the council, the pope removed him as administrator of Tarragona but on July 4, 1440, the pontiff restored him in the post.
He was promoted to the metropolitan see of Tarragona on July 4, 1440, then he returned to Aragón as counsellor of King Alfonso V, who was at war with Castile. In 1444, he acted as arbiter to solve the differences between the kings of Castile and Navarre. In 1444 Pope Eugenius IV appointed him bishop of the suburbicarian see of Porto e Santa Rufina.
He died the following year in Rome, and was buried in the Basilica of St. John Lateran
.
John II of Aragon
John II the Faithless, also known as the Great was the King of Aragon from 1458 until 1479, and jure uxoris King of Navarre from 1425 until his death. He was the son of Ferdinand I and his wife Eleanor of Alburquerque...
.
Biography
He was born in AlcañizAlcañiz
Alcañiz is a town and municipality in the province of Teruel, in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. The town is located on the banks of the river Guadalope. Alcañiz is the unofficial capital of the Lower Aragon historical region...
, in what is now the province of Teruel.
He joined the Canons Regular of Saint Augustine, studying at the University of Lleida
Lleida
Lleida is a city in the west of Catalonia, Spain. It is the capital city of the province of Lleida, as well as the largest city in the province and it had 137,387 inhabitants , including the contiguous municipalities of Raimat and Sucs. The metro area has about 250,000 inhabitants...
and receiving a doctorate in canon and civil law, then described as "utroque iure", in 1406. He was a Prior of the priests community serving the churches of Alcañiz in 1395, participating in the Courts of Aragon, in Zaragoza
Zaragoza
Zaragoza , also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza Province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain...
in 1395. In 1405, he was the collector of the Archdiocese of Zaragoza
Archdiocese of Zaragoza
The Archdiocese of Zaragoza is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory located in north-eastern Spain, in the province of Zaragoza , part of the autonomous community of Aragón...
and as such, he set aside the funds for the papal court of Avignon
Avignon
Avignon is a French commune in southeastern France in the départment of the Vaucluse bordered by the left bank of the Rhône river. Of the 94,787 inhabitants of the city on 1 January 2010, 12 000 live in the ancient town centre surrounded by its medieval ramparts.Often referred to as the...
.
On August 1, 1406, he was admitted by Antipope Benedict XIII
Antipope Benedict XIII
Benedict XIII, born Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor , known as in Spanish, was an Aragonese nobleman, who is officially considered by the Catholic Church to be an antipope....
as referendary of his chancery in Monaco
Monaco
Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the...
. Prior of the church of San Salvador of Zaragoza in 1406, he would become a personal attendant of Antipope Benedict XIII at Perpignan
Perpignan
-Sport:Perpignan is a rugby stronghold: their rugby union side, USA Perpignan, is a regular competitor in the Heineken Cup and seven times champion of the Top 14 , while their rugby league side plays in the engage Super League under the name Catalans Dragons.-Culture:Since 2004, every year in the...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, on May 1, 1407. The antipope sent him as "nuncio" to Spain, especially before King Martin I of Aragon
Martin I of Aragon
Martin of Aragon , called the Elder, the Humane, the Ecclesiastic, was the King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia, and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409...
, and he was one of the seven ambassadors sent by Benedict XIII at the beginning of 1409 to negotiate the abdication with the Council of Pisa
Council of Pisa
The Council of Pisa was an unrecognized ecumenical council of the Catholic Church held in 1409 that attempted to end the Western Schism by deposing Benedict XIII and Gregory XII...
and the papal court of Pope Gregory XII; the mission was a complete failure. In 1409, he attended the Council of Perpignan, being elected Bishop of Huesca on 5 May 1410.
The succession crisis on the Aragonese Royalty, circa 1412, prompted his choice to be one of the 3 representatives acting as Judges of the Aragonese Crown in June 1412 in what is described as the Caspe
Caspe
Caspe or Casp is a historic town and municipality in the province of Zaragoza, in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. It is situated some 100 km to the east of the provincial capital, Zaragoza.-History:...
compromises to elect a new king. The outcome of it was the choice of the Castilian Prince, "Infante Fernando de Antequera", of ailing health, too, as was his brother king Henry III of Castile
Henry III of Castile
Henry III KG , sometimes known as Henry the Sufferer or Henry the Infirm , was the son of John I and Eleanor of Aragon, and succeeded him as King of the Castilian Crown in 1390....
as new king Ferdinand I of Aragón
Ferdinand I of Aragon
Ferdinand I called of Antequera and also the Just or the Honest) was king of Aragon, Valencia, Majorca, Sardinia and Corsica and king of Sicily, duke of Athens and Neopatria, and count of Barcelona, Roussillon and Cerdanya...
, deceased however in 1416. He had been consecrated by Ram y Lanaja as a new king of Aragon on January 15, 1414. At the beginning of 1415, he was sent to Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
by the king of Aragón to arrange the final details of the marriage of Infante D. Juan of Aragón, later king John II of Aragon
John II of Aragon
John II the Faithless, also known as the Great was the King of Aragon from 1458 until 1479, and jure uxoris King of Navarre from 1425 until his death. He was the son of Ferdinand I and his wife Eleanor of Alburquerque...
with Queen Joan II of Naples
Joan II of Naples
Joan II was Queen of Naples from 1414 to her death, upon which the senior Angevin line of Naples became extinct. As a mere formality, she used the title of Queen of Jerusalem, Sicily, and Hungary....
.
In 1415 he was invested a nuncio of Benedict XIII in Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
, Sicily
Sicily
Sicily is a region of Italy, and is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Along with the surrounding minor islands, it constitutes an autonomous region of Italy, the Regione Autonoma Siciliana Sicily has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature,...
, Sardinia
Sardinia
Sardinia is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea . It is an autonomous region of Italy, and the nearest land masses are the French island of Corsica, the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Tunisia and the Spanish Balearic Islands.The name Sardinia is from the pre-Roman noun *sard[],...
, and Corsica
Corsica
Corsica is an island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is located west of Italy, southeast of the French mainland, and north of the island of Sardinia....
; his mission was to convince Queen Joan II of Naples
Joan II of Naples
Joan II was Queen of Naples from 1414 to her death, upon which the senior Angevin line of Naples became extinct. As a mere formality, she used the title of Queen of Jerusalem, Sicily, and Hungary....
to join the obedience of Avignon
Avignon
Avignon is a French commune in southeastern France in the départment of the Vaucluse bordered by the left bank of the Rhône river. Of the 94,787 inhabitants of the city on 1 January 2010, 12 000 live in the ancient town centre surrounded by its medieval ramparts.Often referred to as the...
Popes but at the last minute, the queen changed her mind and married French Prince Jacques de Bourbon and maintained her allegiance to Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
.
Domingo Ram was Viceroy of Aragonese Sicily from 1415 to 1419. He was transferred to the see of Lleida on November 13, 1415; one of his vicars general was Alfonso de Borja, future Pope Callixtus III. He participated in the Council of Lleida, inaugurated on October 9, 1418. He left the obedience of Avignon and joined the one of Rome. Created cardinal priest in secret in the secret consistory of July 23, 1423, with the title of Santi Giovanni e Paolo
Santi Giovanni e Paolo
There are a number of churches in Italy named after the martyrs St. John and St. Paul , not the apostles, but two soldiers martyred for their faith in the years 361-363...
.
In 1424, he was the driving force of the Council of Tarragona, convoked to finish the last vestiges of the schism; in the name of the participants, he admonished King Alfonso V of Aragon
Alfonso V of Aragon
Alfonso the Magnanimous KG was the King of Aragon , Valencia , Majorca, Sardinia and Corsica , and Sicily and Count of Barcelona from 1416 and King of Naples from 1442 until his death...
for the support he was giving to schismatics of Peñíscola, those supporting Benedict and the measures he had taken against Pope Martin V, inspired on political reasons, such as the matter of Naples. Named president of the Generalitat of Catalonia, July 14, 1428. In September 1429, he had a very active part in the Council of Tortosa
Tortosa
-External links:* *** * * *...
, along with Cardinal Pierre de Foix, papal legate, to end the remnants of the Western Schism; he responded to the inaugural address of the legate and intervened in the revision of the twenty-two constitutions of reform, among them a very important one concerning the catechism. Named administrator of the see of Lérida, March 10, 1430; occupied the post until July 20, 1435.
King Alfonso V named him the first of three ambassadors, who, together with the ambassadors of Navarra, negotiated a truce with the king of Castilla; the five year truce was achieved near Soria on July 16, 1430 and publicly announced on the following July 25. Did not participate in the conclave of 1431, which elected Pope Eugenius IV. Cardinal protoprete in March 1434. Administrator of the see of Tarragona, August 25, 1434. On March 24, 1435, together with Federico Ventimilia and Jaime Pelegrin, he requested for King Alfonso V of Aragón
Alfonso V of Aragon
Alfonso the Magnanimous KG was the King of Aragon , Valencia , Majorca, Sardinia and Corsica , and Sicily and Count of Barcelona from 1416 and King of Naples from 1442 until his death...
the investiture as king of Naples. He attended against the will of Pope Eugenius IV and entered the city on July 10, 1438.
He was added to the conciliar embassy sent to the Diet of Frankfurt on February 23, 1439. King Alfonso V accredited him as his ambassador at the Council of Basel in 1439; following the royal instructions, he strongly opposed the deposition of Pope Eugenius IV; for his participation in the council, the pope removed him as administrator of Tarragona but on July 4, 1440, the pontiff restored him in the post.
He was promoted to the metropolitan see of Tarragona on July 4, 1440, then he returned to Aragón as counsellor of King Alfonso V, who was at war with Castile. In 1444, he acted as arbiter to solve the differences between the kings of Castile and Navarre. In 1444 Pope Eugenius IV appointed him bishop of the suburbicarian see of Porto e Santa Rufina.
He died the following year in Rome, and was buried in the Basilica of St. John Lateran
Basilica of St. John Lateran
The Papal Archbasilica of St. John Lateran , commonly known as St. John Lateran's Archbasilica and St. John Lateran's Basilica, is the cathedral of the Diocese of Rome and the official ecclesiastical seat of the Bishop of Rome, who is the Pope...
.