District of Potisje
Encyclopedia
The District of Potisje was an administrative unit of the Habsburg Monarchy
. It was formed in 1751 with headquarters in Stari Bečej
, and existed for almost one century (until 1848).
-Moriš
section of the Military Frontier
and was mainly inhabited by ethnic Serbs
. After the abolishment of this part of the Frontier, many Serbs left from the area and immigrated to Russian Empire
(notably to New Serbia and Slavo-Serbia
). Some of them also settled in Banat
.
The three privileges were given to the district in 1759, 1774, and 1800, and were published for those frontiersmen (Serbs) that did not emigrated to Russian Empire or Banat. The first privilege of the District defined its autonomous status, while the second one allowed to ethnic Hungarians to settle in the district. Serbs opposed this settling of Hungarians in Serb settlements and in some places ethnic clashes between the two groups occurred. For example, the first Hungarian house built in Martonoš
was demolished by Serbs. The ethnic balance in much of the area was, however, changed in favor of the Hungarians.
Administratively, the District of Potisje was part of the Batsch-Bodrog County within the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary
. After abolishment of the district (in 1848), its territory was incorporated into autonomous Serbian Vojvodina
.
In 1796, last four municipalities were excluded from the District and included into Military Frontier
(Šajkaš Battalion
).
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
. It was formed in 1751 with headquarters in Stari Bečej
Becej
Bečej is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District in Vojvodina, Serbia. The town has a population of 25,703, while Bečej municipality has 40,877 inhabitants. It is multiethnic town, with Hungarians and Serbs as largest ethnic groups...
, and existed for almost one century (until 1848).
History
Before the formation of the district, its territory was part of the TisaTisá
Tisá is a village and municipality in Ústí nad Labem District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 786 ....
-Moriš
Mures River
The Mureș is an approximately 761 km long river in Eastern Europe. It originates in the Hășmașu Mare Range in the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, Romania, and joins the Tisza river at Szeged in southeastern Hungary....
section of the Military Frontier
Military Frontier
The Military Frontier was a borderland of Habsburg Austria and later the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which acted as the cordon sanitaire against incursions from the Ottoman Empire...
and was mainly inhabited by ethnic Serbs
Serbs
The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
. After the abolishment of this part of the Frontier, many Serbs left from the area and immigrated to Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
(notably to New Serbia and Slavo-Serbia
Slavo-Serbia
Slavo-Serbia was a territory of Imperial Russia between 1753 and 1764. It was located by the right bank of the Donets River between the Bakhmut and Lugan rivers...
). Some of them also settled in Banat
Banat
The Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe currently divided between three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania , the western part in northeastern Serbia , and a small...
.
The three privileges were given to the district in 1759, 1774, and 1800, and were published for those frontiersmen (Serbs) that did not emigrated to Russian Empire or Banat. The first privilege of the District defined its autonomous status, while the second one allowed to ethnic Hungarians to settle in the district. Serbs opposed this settling of Hungarians in Serb settlements and in some places ethnic clashes between the two groups occurred. For example, the first Hungarian house built in Martonoš
Martonoš
Martonoš is a village located in the Kanjiža municipality, in the North Banat District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority and its population numbering 2,183 people .-External links:*...
was demolished by Serbs. The ethnic balance in much of the area was, however, changed in favor of the Hungarians.
Administratively, the District of Potisje was part of the Batsch-Bodrog County within the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
. After abolishment of the district (in 1848), its territory was incorporated into autonomous Serbian Vojvodina
Serbian Vojvodina
The Serbian Vojvodina was a Serbian autonomous region within the Austrian Empire...
.
Municipalities
The District included 14 municipalities:- AdaAda, SerbiaAda is a town and municipality in Serbia. It is situated near the river Tisa in Vojvodina province. Although the town is geographically located in Bačka, it is part of the North Banat District...
- BečejBecejBečej is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District in Vojvodina, Serbia. The town has a population of 25,703, while Bečej municipality has 40,877 inhabitants. It is multiethnic town, with Hungarians and Serbs as largest ethnic groups...
- KanjižaKanjižaKanjiža is a town and municipality in the North Banat District of Vojvodina, Serbia...
- MartonošMartonošMartonoš is a village located in the Kanjiža municipality, in the North Banat District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority and its population numbering 2,183 people .-External links:*...
- MolMol, SerbiaMol is a town located in the Ada municipality, in the North Banat District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina...
- Petrovo SeloBacko Petrovo SeloBačko Petrovo Selo is a village located in the Bečej municipality, in the South Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina...
- SentaSentaSenta is a town and municipality on the bank of the Tisa river in the Vojvodina province, Serbia. Although geographically located in Bačka, it is part of the North Banat District...
- SentomašSrbobranSrbobran is a town and municipality in South Bačka District of Vojvodina, Serbia. The town is located on the north bank of the Danube-Tisa-Danube channel...
- TurijaTurijaTurija is a village located in the Srbobran municipality, in the South Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 2,562 people...
- FeldvaracBacko GradišteBačko Gradište is a village located in the Bečej municipality, in the South Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village is ethnically mixed and its population numbering 5,445 people...
- Gospođinci
- Stari KoviljKoviljKovilj is a village located in the Novi Sad municipality, in the South Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina...
- Novi KoviljKoviljKovilj is a village located in the Novi Sad municipality, in the South Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina...
- ČurugCurugČurug is a village in the municipality of Žabalj, in the South Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina...
In 1796, last four municipalities were excluded from the District and included into Military Frontier
Military Frontier
The Military Frontier was a borderland of Habsburg Austria and later the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which acted as the cordon sanitaire against incursions from the Ottoman Empire...
(Šajkaš Battalion
Šajkaška
Šajkaška is a geographical region in Serbia. It is southeastern part of Bačka, located in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. Territory of Šajkaška is divided among four municipalities: Titel, Žabalj, Novi Sad, and Srbobran. Historical center of Šajkaška is Titel.-Name:Name Šajkaška means "land...
).
External links
- History of Bečej (in Serbian)
- History of Bečej (in Serbian)