Deriner Dam
Encyclopedia
Deriner Dam is a concrete double-curved arch dam
under construction on the Çoruh River
5 km (3.1 mi) east of Artvin
in Artvin Province
, Turkey
. The main purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production and additionally flood control
. Construction on the dam began in 1998 and is estimated to be complete in 2011. It will have a 670 MW power house and will be the tallest dam in Turkey. The dam is being implemented by Turkey's State Hydraulic Works and constructed by a consortium of Turkish, Russian and Swiss companies.
The dam is named after İbrahim Deriner, who died while serving as the Chief Engineer of its research team.
and Turkey's Dolsar Engineering. Several factors delayed construction of the dam during this period. The cost of relocating roads in such a mountainous area would be high and the need for agricultural, not electric development was deemed a higher priority. As the demand for electricity in Turkey grew, the Çoruh Valley Project began its implementation. After negotiations and the signing of a protocol between the Turkish and Russian governments at the 1994 Turkish-Russian Mixed Economic Commission in Moscow, Turkey's State Hydraulic Works was authorized to move forward with the dam. The consortium started with the Russian company Tekhnopromexport
and later expanded with Turkey's ERG Construction and Switzerland's Stucky ABB, Sulzer Hydro Ltd and Hydro Vevey. The Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the dam was completed and approved in 1995 and funding to begin the project was available in 1997. In 1998, the consortium received the site and construction commenced.
with a 11.7 m (38.4 ft) diameter. The foundation required extensive excavation because layers of decompressed rock existed above the sound granodiorite
rock. To secure the foundation, over 2,000 re-stressable post-tensioned rock anchor
s were installed. At the end of 2005, workers began pouring concrete for the dam's foundation but because of funding, this was delayed between September 2006 and September 2007. By January 2008, the dam reached a height of 66 m (216.5 ft).
As of mid-2010, 2300000 m³ (3,008,286.4 cu yd) of the needed 3400000 m³ (4,447,032.1 cu yd) of concrete has been poured and 93% of the project is complete. The spillway's within the dam's body have also been completed and construction on the dam's power house, grout curtain
and remaining body are ongoing.
. It will have a base width of 60 m (196.9 ft) and a crest width at the top cantilever of 1 m (3.3 ft). A total of 3400000 m³ (4,447,032.1 cu yd) of concrete
will form the dam's body which will also contain its orifice spillway
. This spillway consists of 8 2.8 m (9.2 ft) x 5.6 m (18.4 ft) flap gates that can discharge a maximum of 7000 m3/s of water. The dam's other spillway consists of two tunnels, each on opposing banks behind the dam. The right tunnel is 459 m (1,505.9 ft) long and the left is 472 m (1,548.6 ft) long. Each tunnel is controlled by a 6.5 m (21.3 ft) high, 24 m (78.7 ft) long flap gate. Each of these tunnels have the same capacity as both combined can discharge up to 2250 m3/s of water. The reservoir being the dam has a catchment area of 18389 km² (7,100 sq mi), capacity of 1970000000 cubic metre and regulating volume of 960000000 cubic metre.
s that will have a combined capacity of 670 MW and annual generation of 2,118 GWh. Water being transferred to the turbines will do so by means of a 9 m (29.5 ft) diameter penstock
. Once through the turbines, water will exit the powerhouse via 74 m (242.8 ft) long horseshoe shaped tail-race tunnels.
Arch dam
An arch dam is a type of dam that is curved and commonly built with concrete. The arch dam is a structure that is designed to curve upstream so that the force of the water against it, known as hydrostatic pressure, presses against the arch, compressing and strengthening the structure as it pushes...
under construction on the Çoruh River
Çoruh River
The Çoruh River or Ch'orokhi River rises in the Mescit Mountains in north-eastern Turkey, flows through the cities of Bayburt, Ispir, Yusufeli, and Artvin, along the Kelkit-Çoruh Fault, before flowing into Georgia, where it reaches the Black Sea just south of Batumi and a few kilometers north of...
5 km (3.1 mi) east of Artvin
Artvin
-History:See Artvin Province for the history of the region.-Places of interest:* Artvin or Livana castle, built in 937There are a number of Ottoman Empire houses and public buildings including:* Salih Bey mosque, built in 1792...
in Artvin Province
Artvin Province
Artvin Province is a province in Turkey, on the Black Sea coast in the north-eastern corner of the country, on the border with Georgia.The provincial capital is the city of Artvin.-Geography:...
, Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
. The main purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production and additionally flood control
Flood control
In communications, flood control is a feature of many communication protocols designed to prevent overwhelming of a destination receiver. Such controls can be implemented either in software or in hardware, and will often request that the message be resent after the receiver has finished...
. Construction on the dam began in 1998 and is estimated to be complete in 2011. It will have a 670 MW power house and will be the tallest dam in Turkey. The dam is being implemented by Turkey's State Hydraulic Works and constructed by a consortium of Turkish, Russian and Swiss companies.
The dam is named after İbrahim Deriner, who died while serving as the Chief Engineer of its research team.
Background
In 1969, a survey of the energy potential of the Coruh River was carried out by the Electrical Power Resources Survey Administration and later potential dam foundations were investigated. based on the studies and investigations, a master plan for the river was started in 1979 and completed in 1982. The feasibility study for the Deriner Dam was not completed until 1987 and was carried out by Switzerland's Poyry EnergyPöyry
Pöyry is a global consulting and engineering firm focusing on the energy, forest industry and infrastructure & environment sectors. It changed its name from Jaakko Pöyry Group in 2006...
and Turkey's Dolsar Engineering. Several factors delayed construction of the dam during this period. The cost of relocating roads in such a mountainous area would be high and the need for agricultural, not electric development was deemed a higher priority. As the demand for electricity in Turkey grew, the Çoruh Valley Project began its implementation. After negotiations and the signing of a protocol between the Turkish and Russian governments at the 1994 Turkish-Russian Mixed Economic Commission in Moscow, Turkey's State Hydraulic Works was authorized to move forward with the dam. The consortium started with the Russian company Tekhnopromexport
Tekhnopromexport
Tekhnopromexport is a Russian company that builds energy facilities in Russia and abroad, including hydropower, thermal, geo-thermal and diesel power plants, power lines and electricity substations. The company was formed in 1955, and was transformed into a Joint stock company in April 2006. The...
and later expanded with Turkey's ERG Construction and Switzerland's Stucky ABB, Sulzer Hydro Ltd and Hydro Vevey. The Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the dam was completed and approved in 1995 and funding to begin the project was available in 1997. In 1998, the consortium received the site and construction commenced.
Construction
Construction on the Deriner Dam began in January 1998 and by the end of 2005, the Coruh River had been diverted around the construction site and the dam's foundation was excavated and prepared. The river was diverted on the right-bank by means of a 937 m (3,074.1 ft) horseshoe-shaped tunnelTunnel
A tunnel is an underground passageway, completely enclosed except for openings for egress, commonly at each end.A tunnel may be for foot or vehicular road traffic, for rail traffic, or for a canal. Some tunnels are aqueducts to supply water for consumption or for hydroelectric stations or are sewers...
with a 11.7 m (38.4 ft) diameter. The foundation required extensive excavation because layers of decompressed rock existed above the sound granodiorite
Granodiorite
Granodiorite is an intrusive igneous rock similar to granite, but containing more plagioclase than orthoclase-type feldspar. Officially, it is defined as a phaneritic igneous rock with greater than 20% quartz by volume where at least 65% of the feldspar is plagioclase. It usually contains abundant...
rock. To secure the foundation, over 2,000 re-stressable post-tensioned rock anchor
Anchor bolt
An anchor bolt is used to attach objects or structures to concrete. There are many types of anchor bolts, consisting of designs that are mostly proprietary to the manufacturing companies. All consist of a threaded end, to which a nut and washer can be attached for the external load...
s were installed. At the end of 2005, workers began pouring concrete for the dam's foundation but because of funding, this was delayed between September 2006 and September 2007. By January 2008, the dam reached a height of 66 m (216.5 ft).
As of mid-2010, 2300000 m³ (3,008,286.4 cu yd) of the needed 3400000 m³ (4,447,032.1 cu yd) of concrete has been poured and 93% of the project is complete. The spillway's within the dam's body have also been completed and construction on the dam's power house, grout curtain
Grout curtain
Grout curtains are barriers that protect a dam from seepage and can be used in initial construction or repair. Additionally, they can be used to strengthen foundations and contain spills.-Characteristics:...
and remaining body are ongoing.
Dam
The Deriner Dam, when complete, will be a 249 m (816.9 ft) high, 720 m (2,362.2 ft) long double-curved arch damArch dam
An arch dam is a type of dam that is curved and commonly built with concrete. The arch dam is a structure that is designed to curve upstream so that the force of the water against it, known as hydrostatic pressure, presses against the arch, compressing and strengthening the structure as it pushes...
. It will have a base width of 60 m (196.9 ft) and a crest width at the top cantilever of 1 m (3.3 ft). A total of 3400000 m³ (4,447,032.1 cu yd) of concrete
Concrete
Concrete is a composite construction material, composed of cement and other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, aggregate , water and chemical admixtures.The word concrete comes from the Latin word...
will form the dam's body which will also contain its orifice spillway
Spillway
A spillway is a structure used to provide the controlled release of flows from a dam or levee into a downstream area, typically being the river that was dammed. In the UK they may be known as overflow channels. Spillways release floods so that the water does not overtop and damage or even destroy...
. This spillway consists of 8 2.8 m (9.2 ft) x 5.6 m (18.4 ft) flap gates that can discharge a maximum of 7000 m3/s of water. The dam's other spillway consists of two tunnels, each on opposing banks behind the dam. The right tunnel is 459 m (1,505.9 ft) long and the left is 472 m (1,548.6 ft) long. Each tunnel is controlled by a 6.5 m (21.3 ft) high, 24 m (78.7 ft) long flap gate. Each of these tunnels have the same capacity as both combined can discharge up to 2250 m3/s of water. The reservoir being the dam has a catchment area of 18389 km² (7,100 sq mi), capacity of 1970000000 cubic metre and regulating volume of 960000000 cubic metre.
Power house
The dam's power house will be underground on its right bank and have a width of 20 m (65.6 ft), length of 126 m (413.4 ft) and height of 45 m (147.6 ft). Contained in the power house will be 4 x vertical Francis turbineFrancis turbine
The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by James B. Francis in Lowell, Massachusetts. It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts....
s that will have a combined capacity of 670 MW and annual generation of 2,118 GWh. Water being transferred to the turbines will do so by means of a 9 m (29.5 ft) diameter penstock
Penstock
A penstock is a sluice or gate or intake structure that controls water flow, or an enclosed pipe that delivers water to hydraulic turbines and sewerage systems. It is a term that has been inherited from the technology of wooden watermills....
. Once through the turbines, water will exit the powerhouse via 74 m (242.8 ft) long horseshoe shaped tail-race tunnels.
See also
- Borçka DamBorçka DamBorçka Dam is a dam on the Çoruh River south east of Borçka in Artvin Province, Turkey. It was built between 1999 and 2006....
- Muratlı DamMuratlı DamMuratlı Dam is a dam on the Çoruh River in Muratlı village, north east of Borçka in Artvin Province, Turkey. The development was backed by the Turkish State Hydraulic Works....
- Yusufeli DamYusufeli DamThe Yusufeli Dam is a proposed embankment dam on the Çoruh River near Yusufeli in Artvin Province within the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. The Yusufeli Dam will be the second largest dam within the larger Çoruh River Development Plan which plans to build 13 dams, of which 2 are operational...
- List of dams in Turkey
- List of tallest dams in the world