Delors Commission
Encyclopedia
The Delors Commission was the administration of Jacques Delors
, the 8th President of the European Commission
. Delors presided over the European Commission
for three terms (though the last one lasted for around a year. The first term lasted from 1985 to 1988, the second until 1992 and the final one until 1994 making Delors the longest serving President and his Commission is also seen as the most successful. It was the only Commission to serve three times, and Delors served five two year-terms (as they were then). The third Commission was the first Commission of the European Union
, the Maastricht Treaty
having come into force in 1993.
's history, a gold standard by which future Commissions are judged in giving the Community a sense of direction and dynamism. Delors himself became an icon for Europe.
was at its height. The slow pace of enlargement, lack of democracy and economic problems caused that negative and apathetic attitudes to the Community were high. The preceding Thorn Commission
was unable to exercise its authority to any meaningful extent in the face of the British vetoes on EU projects to force a more favourable agreement for it on the Community budget. Delors had previously been one of the architects of the agreement at Fontainebleau
, which secured the UK rebate
, and Delors intended that the settling of the budget issue should herald a new era of European integration
.
Following Delors' arrival in Brussels
, he visited the various member states and found the same complaint that Europe reacted too slowly to issues, but did find common agreement on the single market
, with its business and cultural meaning, and hence Delors placed it as his main priority with a date for its achievement: 1992 (Objectif 1992). Despite his modern reputation he was criticised by federalists for not going far enough, even earning criticism from Altiero Spinelli
in the European Parliament
, but Delors defended his goals as pragmatic stating "we are all slaves to the circumstances". To accomplish his goal of completing the single market, Delors had to master the political system of the community: with any member able to block a proposal in the Council
, Delors convinced leaders to introduce Qualified Majority Voting so the procedure could not grind to a halt as it did under the budget disagreement. Thus, Delors set Lord Cockfield, his Internal Market Commissioner
, in drafting the legislation. Now, Cockfield's work is seen as highly precise and his knowledge of the system legendary.
The Delors Commission gave a new momentum to the process of European integration
. They 'completed' the internal market and laid the foundations for the single European currency. European Economic and Monetary Union
was based on the three stage plan drawn up by a committee headed by Delors (the Delors Report). Delors and his Commissioners are considered the "founding fathers
" of the euro
. The groundwork and political persuasion was achieved through the work of the Commissioners leading to the signature of the Single European Act
(SEA) in February 1986 and the Treaty of Maastricht in 1992.
The Delors Commission was also responsible for the creation of the Committee of the Regions
, having enshrined the idea of cohesion between EU states and regions in the SEA in 1986 leading Delors to propose the body in 1992. It was created in 1994 and the building the body occupies was named after Delors in 2006. Delors' Commission oversaw a large degree of expansion
. The membership of Spain and Portugal came first in 1985; then the fall of the Berlin Wall
enabled the Reunification of Germany; and in 1995 came the accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden
. The Delors Commission also prepared the opening to the eastern countries who later joined in 2004.
In 1988 Delors addressed the British Trade Union Congress; his speech about a social Europe was pivotal in turning British Labour
pro-European and the British Conservatives
against it. In 1992, as Delors' second term was coming to an end, the International Herald Tribune noted the effect of the Delors Commission, and the need for a third term;
Following his entrance into a Europe of eurosclerosis, Delors had heralded 20 years of euphoria
. In contrast, the Santer Commission
which succeeded Delors in 1995 was forced to resign over allegations of corruption and the Prodi Commission
won little praise despite presiding over the 2004 enlargement and the implementation of the single currency.
, with the Maastricht Treaty
coming into force. Its short tenure was designed to bring the mandates of the Commission into line with those of the European Parliament.
throughout the three Delors Commissions was David Williamson
.
Jacques Delors
Jacques Lucien Jean Delors is a French economist and politician, the eighth President of the European Commission and the first person to serve three terms in that office .-French Politics:...
, the 8th President of the European Commission
President of the European Commission
The President of the European Commission is the head of the European Commission ― the executive branch of the :European Union ― the most powerful officeholder in the EU. The President is responsible for allocating portfolios to members of the Commission and can reshuffle or dismiss them if needed...
. Delors presided over the European Commission
European Commission
The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union....
for three terms (though the last one lasted for around a year. The first term lasted from 1985 to 1988, the second until 1992 and the final one until 1994 making Delors the longest serving President and his Commission is also seen as the most successful. It was the only Commission to serve three times, and Delors served five two year-terms (as they were then). The third Commission was the first Commission of the European Union
European Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
, the Maastricht Treaty
Maastricht Treaty
The Maastricht Treaty was signed on 7 February 1992 by the members of the European Community in Maastricht, Netherlands. On 9–10 December 1991, the same city hosted the European Council which drafted the treaty...
having come into force in 1993.
History
The European Commissions led by Jacques Delors are regarded by some as the most successful in the European UnionEuropean Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
's history, a gold standard by which future Commissions are judged in giving the Community a sense of direction and dynamism. Delors himself became an icon for Europe.
Entrance
Delors entered office when eurosclerosisEurosclerosis
Eurosclerosis is a term coined in the 1970s and the early 1980s to describe both a political period and an economic pattern in Europe, alluding to the medical term sclerosis...
was at its height. The slow pace of enlargement, lack of democracy and economic problems caused that negative and apathetic attitudes to the Community were high. The preceding Thorn Commission
Thorn Commission
The Thorn Commission was the European Commission that held office from 6 January 1981 until 5 January 1985. Its President was Gaston Thorn.-Work:...
was unable to exercise its authority to any meaningful extent in the face of the British vetoes on EU projects to force a more favourable agreement for it on the Community budget. Delors had previously been one of the architects of the agreement at Fontainebleau
Fontainebleau
Fontainebleau is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. It is located south-southeast of the centre of Paris. Fontainebleau is a sub-prefecture of the Seine-et-Marne department, and it is the seat of the arrondissement of Fontainebleau...
, which secured the UK rebate
UK rebate
The UK rebate is a rebate on the United Kingdom's contribution to the EU budget paid back to the UK government by the European Union.-History:...
, and Delors intended that the settling of the budget issue should herald a new era of European integration
European integration
European integration is the process of industrial, political, legal, economic integration of states wholly or partially in Europe...
.
Following Delors' arrival in Brussels
Brussels
Brussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...
, he visited the various member states and found the same complaint that Europe reacted too slowly to issues, but did find common agreement on the single market
Single market
A single market is a type of trade bloc which is composed of a free trade area with common policies on product regulation, and freedom of movement of the factors of production and of enterprise and services. The goal is that the movement of capital, labour, goods, and services between the members...
, with its business and cultural meaning, and hence Delors placed it as his main priority with a date for its achievement: 1992 (Objectif 1992). Despite his modern reputation he was criticised by federalists for not going far enough, even earning criticism from Altiero Spinelli
Altiero Spinelli
Altiero Spinelli was an Italian political theorist and a European federalist. Spinelli is referred to as one of the "Founding Fathers of the European Union" due to his co-authorship of the Ventotene Manifesto, his founding role in the European federalist movement, his strong influence on the first...
in the European Parliament
European Parliament
The European Parliament is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union . Together with the Council of the European Union and the Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU and it has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world...
, but Delors defended his goals as pragmatic stating "we are all slaves to the circumstances". To accomplish his goal of completing the single market, Delors had to master the political system of the community: with any member able to block a proposal in the Council
Council of the European Union
The Council of the European Union is the institution in the legislature of the European Union representing the executives of member states, the other legislative body being the European Parliament. The Council is composed of twenty-seven national ministers...
, Delors convinced leaders to introduce Qualified Majority Voting so the procedure could not grind to a halt as it did under the budget disagreement. Thus, Delors set Lord Cockfield, his Internal Market Commissioner
European Commissioner for Internal Market & Services
The Commissioner for Internal Market and Services is a member of the European Commission. The post is currently held by Commissioner Michel Barnier .-Responsibilities:...
, in drafting the legislation. Now, Cockfield's work is seen as highly precise and his knowledge of the system legendary.
Achievements
European integration
European integration is the process of industrial, political, legal, economic integration of states wholly or partially in Europe...
. They 'completed' the internal market and laid the foundations for the single European currency. European Economic and Monetary Union
Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union
The Economic and Monetary Union is an umbrella term for the group of policies aimed at converging the economies of members of the European Union in three stages so as to allow them to adopt a single currency, the euro. As such, it is largely synonymous with the eurozone.All member states of the...
was based on the three stage plan drawn up by a committee headed by Delors (the Delors Report). Delors and his Commissioners are considered the "founding fathers
Founding fathers of the European Union
The Founding Fathers of the European Union are a number of men who have been recognised as making a major contribution to the development of European unity and what is now the European Union. There is no official list of founding fathers or a single event defining them so some ideas vary.-Europe's...
" of the euro
Euro
The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,...
. The groundwork and political persuasion was achieved through the work of the Commissioners leading to the signature of the Single European Act
Single European Act
The Single European Act was the first major revision of the 1957 Treaty of Rome. The Act set the European Community an objective of establishing a Single Market by 31 December 1992, and codified European Political Cooperation, the forerunner of the European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy...
(SEA) in February 1986 and the Treaty of Maastricht in 1992.
The Delors Commission was also responsible for the creation of the Committee of the Regions
Committee of the Regions
The Committee of the Regions is European Union's assembly of local and regional representatives that provides sub-national authorities with a direct voice within the EU's institutional framework....
, having enshrined the idea of cohesion between EU states and regions in the SEA in 1986 leading Delors to propose the body in 1992. It was created in 1994 and the building the body occupies was named after Delors in 2006. Delors' Commission oversaw a large degree of expansion
Enlargement of the European Union
The Enlargement of the European Union is the process of expanding the European Union through the accession of new member states. This process began with the Inner Six, who founded the European Coal and Steel Community in 1952...
. The membership of Spain and Portugal came first in 1985; then the fall of the Berlin Wall
Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin...
enabled the Reunification of Germany; and in 1995 came the accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden
1995 enlargement of the European Union
The 1995 enlargement of the European Union saw Austria, Finland and Sweden accede to the European Union . This was the EU's fourth enlargement and came into effect on the 1 January of that year. All these states were previous members of the European Free Trade Association and had traditionally...
. The Delors Commission also prepared the opening to the eastern countries who later joined in 2004.
In 1988 Delors addressed the British Trade Union Congress; his speech about a social Europe was pivotal in turning British Labour
Labour Party (UK)
The Labour Party is a centre-left democratic socialist party in the United Kingdom. It surpassed the Liberal Party in general elections during the early 1920s, forming minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in 1924 and 1929-1931. The party was in a wartime coalition from 1940 to 1945, after...
pro-European and the British Conservatives
Conservative Party (UK)
The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House...
against it. In 1992, as Delors' second term was coming to an end, the International Herald Tribune noted the effect of the Delors Commission, and the need for a third term;
Following his entrance into a Europe of eurosclerosis, Delors had heralded 20 years of euphoria
Euphoria
Euphoria is an emotional and mental state defined as a sense of great elation and well being.Euphoria may also refer to:* Euphoria , a genus of scarab beetles* Euphoria, a genus name previously used for the longan and other trees...
. In contrast, the Santer Commission
Santer Commission
The Santer Commission was the European Commission in office between 23 January 1995 and 15 March 1999. The administration was led by Jacques Santer ....
which succeeded Delors in 1995 was forced to resign over allegations of corruption and the Prodi Commission
Prodi Commission
The Prodi Commission was the European Commission in office between 1999 and 2004. The administration was led by former Italian Prime Minister Romano Prodi.-History:...
won little praise despite presiding over the 2004 enlargement and the implementation of the single currency.
Major events
The Commission was the longest serving executive to date and oversaw many events in the history of the Union.- 1985: GreenlandGreenlandGreenland is an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark, located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe for...
leaves the Community. Gravier ruling by the ECJEuropean Court of JusticeThe Court can sit in plenary session, as a Grand Chamber of 13 judges, or in chambers of three or five judges. Plenary sitting are now very rare, and the court mostly sits in chambers of three or five judges...
on non-discrimination by nationality. - 1986: Spain and Portugal join the Communities. The Single European ActSingle European ActThe Single European Act was the first major revision of the 1957 Treaty of Rome. The Act set the European Community an objective of establishing a Single Market by 31 December 1992, and codified European Political Cooperation, the forerunner of the European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy...
is signed. Marshall ruling by the ECJ on non-discrimination by gender. The European flagEuropean flagThe flag of Europe consists of a circle of 12 golden stars on an azure background. It is the flag and emblem of the European Union and Council of Europe . It is also often used to indicate eurozone countries, and, more loosely, to represent the continent of Europe or the countries of Europe...
is adopted by the Communities, it is raised outside the Berlaymont. - 1987: 30 years since the Treaties of Rome. Membership application submitted by TurkeyTurkeyTurkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
. Single European ActSingle European ActThe Single European Act was the first major revision of the 1957 Treaty of Rome. The Act set the European Community an objective of establishing a Single Market by 31 December 1992, and codified European Political Cooperation, the forerunner of the European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy...
enters into force. - 1988: Delors asked to draw up a report on Economic and Monetary UnionEconomic and monetary unionAn economic and monetary union is a type of trade bloc which is composed of an economic union with a monetary union. It is to be distinguished from a mere monetary union , which does not involve a common market. This is the fifth stage of economic integration...
(the Delors Report). The Court of First InstanceCourt of First InstanceThe General Court is a jurisdictional instance of the Court of Justice of the European Union. From its inception on 1 January 1989 to 30 November 2009, it was known as the Court of First Instance .-Competence:...
is established. - 1989: Cowan ruling by the ECJ on non-discrimination by nationality. Delors report presented. Declaration of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms adopted by the ParliamentEuropean ParliamentThe European Parliament is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union . Together with the Council of the European Union and the Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU and it has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world...
. Third direct elections to Parliament held. Spain and Portugal join the European Monetary SystemEuropean Monetary SystemThere are three stages of monetary cooperation in the European Union.-Background:European currency exchange rate stability has been one of the most important objectives of European policy makers at least since the Second World War....
. Berlin WallBerlin WallThe Berlin Wall was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin...
falls, leading to agreements and accession of eastern countries. Lomé ConventionLomé ConventionThe Lomé Convention is a trade and aid agreement between the European Community and 71 African, Caribbean, and Pacific countries, first signed in February 1975 in Lomé, Togo.- History :...
signed. - 1990: Commission meets for 1000th time. European Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentEuropean Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentFounded in 1991, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development uses the tools of investment to help build market economies and democracies in 30 countries from central Europe to central Asia. Its mission was to support the formerly communist countries in the process of establishing their...
established. Schengen agreementSchengen AgreementThe Schengen Agreement is a treaty signed on 14 June 1985 near the town of Schengen in Luxembourg, between five of the ten member states of the European Economic Community. It was supplemented by the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement 5 years later...
signed. Reunification of Germany. - 1991: Stoeckel ruling by the ECJ on non-discrimination by gender. ECHOECHO (European Commission)The Humanitarian Aid department of the European Commission , formerly known as the European Community Humanitarian Aid Office, is the European Commission's department for overseas humanitarian aid...
established. Energy Charter signed. USSR dissolves. - 1992: Maastricht treatyMaastricht TreatyThe Maastricht Treaty was signed on 7 February 1992 by the members of the European Community in Maastricht, Netherlands. On 9–10 December 1991, the same city hosted the European Council which drafted the treaty...
signed, Denmark fails to ratify. European Economic AreaEuropean Economic AreaThe European Economic Area was established on 1 January 1994 following an agreement between the member states of the European Free Trade Association and the European Community, later the European Union . Specifically, it allows Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway to participate in the EU's Internal...
(EEA) agreement signed, Switzerland fails to ratify. - 1993: Single European Market enters force. Maastricht is ratified and enters into force.
- 1994: European Monetary InstituteEuropean Monetary InstituteThe European Monetary Institute was the forerunner of the European Central Bank , operating between 1994 and 1997.-History:The EMI was created 1 January 1994 to oversee the second stage in the creation of monetary union. The EMI itself took over from the earlier European Monetary Cooperation Fund...
established. EEA enters force. Committee of the RegionsCommittee of the RegionsThe Committee of the Regions is European Union's assembly of local and regional representatives that provides sub-national authorities with a direct voice within the EU's institutional framework....
established. Accession negotiations for Austria, Norway, Sweden and Finland conclude. European Investment FundEuropean Investment FundThe European Investment Fund, established in 1994, is a European Union agency for the provision of finance to SMEs headquartered in Luxembourg....
established. Hungary and Poland apply to join. Fourth direct elections to the Parliament are held.
Members
The three Delors Commissions (generally known as "Delors I", Delors II" and "Delors III") had considerable continuity of membership and political balance, but there were nonetheless differences.First college
This Commission served from 1985 to 1988, although the Spanish and Portuguese members only joined as from their countries' membership of the European Communities on 1 January 1986.| Portfolio | Name | State | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| President President of the European Commission The President of the European Commission is the head of the European Commission ― the executive branch of the :European Union ― the most powerful officeholder in the EU. The President is responsible for allocating portfolios to members of the Commission and can reshuffle or dismiss them if needed... |
Jacques Delors Jacques Delors Jacques Lucien Jean Delors is a French economist and politician, the eighth President of the European Commission and the first person to serve three terms in that office .-French Politics:... |
Socialist Party Socialist Party (France) The Socialist Party is a social-democratic political party in France and the largest party of the French centre-left. It is one of the two major contemporary political parties in France, along with the center-right Union for a Popular Movement... |
|
| Vice-President Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is ex-officio the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,... Agriculture European Commissioner for Agriculture & Rural Development The Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development is a member of the European Commission. The post is currently held by Commissioner Dacian Cioloş... and fisheries European Commissioner for Fisheries & Maritime Affairs The Commissioner for Maritime affairs and Fisheries is a member of the European Commission. The current Commissioner is Maria Damanaki.The portfolio includes policies such as the Common Fisheries Policy, which is largely a competence of the European Union rather than the members... |
Frans Andriessen Frans Andriessen Franciscus Henricus Johannes Joseph Andriessen is a senior Dutch politician.In 1967 he was first elected to the House of Representatives for the Katholieke Volkspartij . From 1971 to 1977 he was leader of the KVP. He served as Minister of Finance and European Commissioner for Trade, Competition... |
CDA Christian Democratic Appeal The Christian Democratic Appeal is a centre-right Dutch Christian democratic political party. It suffered severe losses in the 2010 elections and fell from the first to the fourth place... |
|
| Vice-President Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is ex-officio the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,... Budget, financial control European Commissioner for Financial Programming & the Budget The Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget is the member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Janusz Lewandowski.... , personnel and administration |
Henning Christophersen Henning Christophersen Henning Christophersen is a Danish politician, a former vice-president of the European Commission , former leader of the Danish liberal party Venstre and former member of the European Convention.... |
Venstre Venstre (Denmark) VenstreThe party name is officially not translated into any other language, but is in English often referred to as the Liberal Party. Similar rules apply for the name of the party's youth wing Venstres Ungdom. , full name Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti , is the largest political party in Denmark... |
|
| Vice-President Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is ex-officio the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,... Internal market European Commissioner for Internal Market & Services The Commissioner for Internal Market and Services is a member of the European Commission. The post is currently held by Commissioner Michel Barnier .-Responsibilities:... , tax law and customs |
Lord Cockfield | Conservative Party Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
|
| Vice-President Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is ex-officio the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,... Social affairs, employment European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs & Equal Opportunities The Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion is the member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is László Andor.... and education European Commissioner for Education, Training & Culture The Commissioner for Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth is a member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Androulla Vassiliou.... |
Manuel Marin Manuel Marín Manuel Marín González is a Spanish politician, former President of the Congress of Deputies of Spain. He was a long-time member of the European Commission, and President during the interim Marin Commission following the Resignation of the Santer Commission, of which he was a member.-Early life and... |
PSOE Spanish Socialist Workers' Party The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party is a social-democratic political party in Spain. Its political position is Centre-left. The PSOE is the former ruling party of Spain, until beaten in the elections of November 2011 and the second oldest, exceeded only by the Partido Carlista, founded in... |
|
| Vice-President Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is ex-officio the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,... Industry European Commissioner for Enterprise & Industry The Commissioner for Industry and Entrepreneurship is a Vice President of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Antonio Tajani.The post was enlarged from the Commissioner for Enterprise and Information Society portfolio in the Prodi Commission to include Industry... , information technology European Commissioner for Information Society & Media The Commissioner for Digital Agenda is a member of the European Commission responsible for media and information issues such as telecoms and IT... and science and research European Commissioner for Science & Research The Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science is a portfolio within the European Commission. The current commissioner is Máire Geoghegan-Quinn .... |
Karl-Heinz Narjes | CDU Christian Democratic Union (Germany) The Christian Democratic Union of Germany is a Christian democratic and conservative political party in Germany. It is regarded as on the centre-right of the German political spectrum... |
|
| Vice-President Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is ex-officio the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,... Cooperation, development affairs European Commissioner for Development & Humanitarian Aid The Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response is a member of the European Commission. The post is currently held by Kristalina Georgieva.... and enlargement European Commissioner for Enlargement The Commissioner for Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy is the member of the European Commission in charge of overseeing the accession process of prospective new member states and relations with those bordering the European Union... |
Lorenzo Natali | DC Christian Democracy (Italy) Christian Democracy was a Christian democratic party in Italy. It was founded in 1943 as the ideological successor of the historical Italian People's Party, which had the same symbol, a crossed shield .... |
|
| Mediterranean policy and North-South relations | Claude Cheysson Claude Cheysson Claude Cheysson is a French Socialist politician who served as Foreign Minister in the government of Pierre Mauroy from 1981 to 1984.-Career:... |
Socialist Party Socialist Party (France) The Socialist Party is a social-democratic political party in France and the largest party of the French centre-left. It is one of the two major contemporary political parties in France, along with the center-right Union for a Popular Movement... |
|
| External relations and trade policy European Commissioner for Trade The European Commissioner for Trade is the member of the European Commission responsible for the European Union's common commercial policy... |
Willy De Clercq Willy De Clercq Willy Clarisse Elvire Hector, Viscount De Clercq was a Belgian liberal politician.De Clercq was born in Ghent... |
Liberal Flemish Liberals and Democrats ' , commonly known as Open VLD and also simply as the VLD, is a Flemish liberal political party in Belgium, created in 1992 from the former Party for Freedom and Progress and a few other politicians from other parties. The party led the government for three cabinets under Guy Verhofstadt from 1999... |
|
| Environment, consumer protection and transport European Commissioner for Transport The Commissioner for Transport is the member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Siim Kallas.The portfolio is responsible for the development of transport infastructure in the European Union such as road and rail networks but also navigation systems such as the Galileo... |
Stanley Clinton Davis | Labour Labour Party (UK) The Labour Party is a centre-left democratic socialist party in the United Kingdom. It surpassed the Liberal Party in general elections during the early 1920s, forming minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in 1924 and 1929-1931. The party was in a wartime coalition from 1940 to 1945, after... |
|
| Fisheries European Commissioner for Fisheries & Maritime Affairs The Commissioner for Maritime affairs and Fisheries is a member of the European Commission. The current Commissioner is Maria Damanaki.The portfolio includes policies such as the Common Fisheries Policy, which is largely a competence of the European Union rather than the members... |
António Cardoso e Cunha | Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party (Portugal) The Social Democratic Party , is a centre-right liberal conservative political party in Portugal. It is commonly known by its initials, PSD; on ballot papers, its initials appear as PPD/PSD, with the first three letters coming from the party's original name, Democratic People's Party... |
|
| Credit, investments, financial instruments and small & medium-sized enterprises European Commissioner for Enterprise & Industry The Commissioner for Industry and Entrepreneurship is a Vice President of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Antonio Tajani.The post was enlarged from the Commissioner for Enterprise and Information Society portfolio in the Prodi Commission to include Industry... |
Abel Matutes Abel Matutes Abel Matutes y Juan is a Spanish politician who served as Spain's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 6 May 1996 to 2000. Matutes was born in Ibiza on 31 October 1941 and his early political life was in that region. He was Mayor of Ibiza in 1970 and 1971 and became Senator for Ibiza and Formentera in... |
People's Party People's Party (Spain) The People's Party is a conservative political party in Spain.The People's Party was a re-foundation in 1989 of the People's Alliance , a party led and founded by Manuel Fraga Iribarne, a former Minister of Tourism during Francisco Franco's dictatorship... |
|
| Energy & Euratom European Commissioner for Energy The Commissioner for Energy is a member of the European Commission. The current Commissioner is Günther Oettinger .-Responsibilities:The Commissioner holds responsibility for the European Union's energy policy as well as nuclear issues . It was previously a backwater in the Commission but has now... |
Nicolas Mosar Nicolas Mosar Nicolas Mosar was a Luxembourg politician, jurist, and diplomat.A Christian Social People's Party member, Mosar was elected to the communal council of Luxembourg City in 1959, and sat in the council until 1984, including a period as an échevin... |
CSV Christian Social People's Party The Christian Social People's Party , abbreviated to CSV or PCS, is the largest political party in Luxembourg. The party follows a Christian Democratic and conservative ideology and, like most parties in Luxembourg, it is strongly pro-European... |
|
| Economic affairs European Commissioner for Economic & Financial Affairs The Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro is the member of the European Commission responsible for economic and financial affairs. The current Commissioner is Olli Rehn .-Responsibilities:... and employment European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs & Equal Opportunities The Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion is the member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is László Andor.... |
Alois Pfeiffer | CSU | |
| Institutional reforms, information policy, culture and tourism European Commissioner for Education, Training & Culture The Commissioner for Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth is a member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Androulla Vassiliou.... |
Carlo Ripa di Meana | Sinistra Verde | |
| Economic affairs European Commissioner for Economic & Financial Affairs The Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro is the member of the European Commission responsible for economic and financial affairs. The current Commissioner is Olli Rehn .-Responsibilities:... and employment European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs & Equal Opportunities The Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion is the member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is László Andor.... |
Peter Schmidhuber Peter Schmidhuber Peter Schmidhuber is a former German and European politician from the Bavarian CSU party.-Biography:Schmidhuber was born in Munich, Bavaria. He studied law and economics at the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich from 1951, gaining his license to practice as a lawyer in 1960... |
CSU | |
| Competition Commissioner for Competition The Commissioner for Competition is the member responsible for competition of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Joaquín Almunia who is also a Commission Vice President.-Responsibilities:... , social affairs European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs & Equal Opportunities The Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion is the member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is László Andor.... and education European Commissioner for Education, Training & Culture The Commissioner for Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth is a member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Androulla Vassiliou.... |
Peter Sutherland Peter Sutherland Peter Denis Sutherland, KCMG is an Irish international businessman and former Attorney General of Ireland, associated with the Fine Gael party . He is a barrister by profession, and is also Senior Counsel at the Irish Bar... |
Fine Gael Fine Gael Fine Gael is a centre-right to centrist political party in the Republic of Ireland. It is the single largest party in Ireland in the Oireachtas, in local government, and in terms of Members of the European Parliament. The party has a membership of over 35,000... |
|
| Relations with the European Parliament, regional policy European Commissioner for Regional Policy The Commissioner for Regional Policy is a portfolio within the European Commission. The current Commissioner is Johannes Hahn.The portfolio is responsible for managing the regional policy of the European Union, such as the European Regional Development Fund, which takes up a third of the EU's... and consumer protection |
Grigoris Varfis Grigoris Varfis Grigoris Varfis is a Greek politician.For the second half of 1983 Varfis was President of the Council of the European Union.... |
PASOK Panhellenic Socialist Movement The Panhellenic Socialist Movement , known mostly by its acronym PASOK , is one of the two major political parties in Greece. Founded on 3 September 1974 by Andreas Papandreou, in 1981 PASOK became Greece's first social democratic party to win a majority in parliament.The party is a socialist party... |
|
Second college
This Commission served from 1989 to 1992.| Portfolio | Name | State | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| President President of the European Commission The President of the European Commission is the head of the European Commission ― the executive branch of the :European Union ― the most powerful officeholder in the EU. The President is responsible for allocating portfolios to members of the Commission and can reshuffle or dismiss them if needed... |
Jacques Delors Jacques Delors Jacques Lucien Jean Delors is a French economist and politician, the eighth President of the European Commission and the first person to serve three terms in that office .-French Politics:... |
PS Socialist Party (France) The Socialist Party is a social-democratic political party in France and the largest party of the French centre-left. It is one of the two major contemporary political parties in France, along with the center-right Union for a Popular Movement... |
|
| Vice-President Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is ex-officio the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,... External relations and trade policy European Commissioner for Trade The European Commissioner for Trade is the member of the European Commission responsible for the European Union's common commercial policy... |
Frans Andriessen Frans Andriessen Franciscus Henricus Johannes Joseph Andriessen is a senior Dutch politician.In 1967 he was first elected to the House of Representatives for the Katholieke Volkspartij . From 1971 to 1977 he was leader of the KVP. He served as Minister of Finance and European Commissioner for Trade, Competition... |
CDA Christian Democratic Appeal The Christian Democratic Appeal is a centre-right Dutch Christian democratic political party. It suffered severe losses in the 2010 elections and fell from the first to the fourth place... |
|
| Vice-President Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is ex-officio the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,... Internal market European Commissioner for Internal Market & Services The Commissioner for Internal Market and Services is a member of the European Commission. The post is currently held by Commissioner Michel Barnier .-Responsibilities:... and industrial affairs European Commissioner for Enterprise & Industry The Commissioner for Industry and Entrepreneurship is a Vice President of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Antonio Tajani.The post was enlarged from the Commissioner for Enterprise and Information Society portfolio in the Prodi Commission to include Industry... |
Martin Bangemann Martin Bangemann Martin Bangemann is a German politician and a former leader of the FDP . He studied Law in Tübingen and Munich, earned a Dr. jur. in 1962, and qualified as an attorney in 1964... |
FDP | |
| Vice-President Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is ex-officio the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,... Competition and financial institutions European Commissioner for Financial Programming & the Budget The Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget is the member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Janusz Lewandowski.... |
Sir Leon Brittan | Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
|
| Vice-President Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is ex-officio the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,... Economic & financial affairs European Commissioner for Economic & Financial Affairs The Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro is the member of the European Commission responsible for economic and financial affairs. The current Commissioner is Olli Rehn .-Responsibilities:... and coordination of structural funds European Commissioner for Development & Humanitarian Aid The Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response is a member of the European Commission. The post is currently held by Kristalina Georgieva.... |
Henning Christophersen Henning Christophersen Henning Christophersen is a Danish politician, a former vice-president of the European Commission , former leader of the Danish liberal party Venstre and former member of the European Convention.... |
Venstre Venstre (Denmark) VenstreThe party name is officially not translated into any other language, but is in English often referred to as the Liberal Party. Similar rules apply for the name of the party's youth wing Venstres Ungdom. , full name Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti , is the largest political party in Denmark... |
|
| Vice-President Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is ex-officio the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,... Cooperation, development European Commissioner for Development & Humanitarian Aid The Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response is a member of the European Commission. The post is currently held by Kristalina Georgieva.... and fisheries European Commissioner for Fisheries & Maritime Affairs The Commissioner for Maritime affairs and Fisheries is a member of the European Commission. The current Commissioner is Maria Damanaki.The portfolio includes policies such as the Common Fisheries Policy, which is largely a competence of the European Union rather than the members... |
Manuel Marin Manuel Marín Manuel Marín González is a Spanish politician, former President of the Congress of Deputies of Spain. He was a long-time member of the European Commission, and President during the interim Marin Commission following the Resignation of the Santer Commission, of which he was a member.-Early life and... |
PSOE Spanish Socialist Workers' Party The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party is a social-democratic political party in Spain. Its political position is Centre-left. The PSOE is the former ruling party of Spain, until beaten in the elections of November 2011 and the second oldest, exceeded only by the Partido Carlista, founded in... |
|
| Vice-President Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is ex-officio the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,... Science, research, development, telecommunications and innovation European Commissioner for Science & Research The Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science is a portfolio within the European Commission. The current commissioner is Máire Geoghegan-Quinn .... |
Filippo Maria Pandolfi Filippo Maria Pandolfi Filippo Maria Pandolfi is an Italian former politician, minister and European commissioner.- Biography:Born in Bergamo, Pandolfi graduated in philosophy at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, taught for some years and then worked for a publisher of scholastic books.He was a member of the... |
DC Christian Democracy (Italy) Christian Democracy was a Christian democratic party in Italy. It was founded in 1943 as the ideological successor of the historical Italian People's Party, which had the same symbol, a crossed shield .... |
|
| Energy, Euratom European Commissioner for Energy The Commissioner for Energy is a member of the European Commission. The current Commissioner is Günther Oettinger .-Responsibilities:The Commissioner holds responsibility for the European Union's energy policy as well as nuclear issues . It was previously a backwater in the Commission but has now... , small businesses European Commissioner for Enterprise & Industry The Commissioner for Industry and Entrepreneurship is a Vice President of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Antonio Tajani.The post was enlarged from the Commissioner for Enterprise and Information Society portfolio in the Prodi Commission to include Industry... ; staff and translation |
Antonio Cardoso e Cunha | PSD Social Democratic Party (Portugal) The Social Democratic Party , is a centre-right liberal conservative political party in Portugal. It is commonly known by its initials, PSD; on ballot papers, its initials appear as PPD/PSD, with the first three letters coming from the party's original name, Democratic People's Party... |
|
| Audiovisual European Commissioner for Information Society & Media The Commissioner for Digital Agenda is a member of the European Commission responsible for media and information issues such as telecoms and IT... and cultural affairs European Commissioner for Education, Training & Culture The Commissioner for Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth is a member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Androulla Vassiliou.... |
Jean Dondelinger | None | |
| Agriculture and rural development European Commissioner for Agriculture & Rural Development The Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development is a member of the European Commission. The post is currently held by Commissioner Dacian Cioloş... |
Ray MacSharry Ray MacSharry Raymond MacSharry is a former Irish Fianna Fáil politician, who served in a range of cabinet positions, most notably as Tánaiste, Minister for Finance and European Commissioner.-Early life:... |
Fianna Fáil Fianna Fáil Fianna Fáil – The Republican Party , more commonly known as Fianna Fáil is a centrist political party in the Republic of Ireland, founded on 23 March 1926. Fianna Fáil's name is traditionally translated into English as Soldiers of Destiny, although a more accurate rendition would be Warriors of Fál... |
|
| Mediterranean and Latin American policy | Abel Matutes Abel Matutes Abel Matutes y Juan is a Spanish politician who served as Spain's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 6 May 1996 to 2000. Matutes was born in Ibiza on 31 October 1941 and his early political life was in that region. He was Mayor of Ibiza in 1970 and 1971 and became Senator for Ibiza and Formentera in... |
People's Party People's Party (Spain) The People's Party is a conservative political party in Spain.The People's Party was a re-foundation in 1989 of the People's Alliance , a party led and founded by Manuel Fraga Iribarne, a former Minister of Tourism during Francisco Franco's dictatorship... |
|
| Transport European Commissioner for Transport The Commissioner for Transport is the member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Siim Kallas.The portfolio is responsible for the development of transport infastructure in the European Union such as road and rail networks but also navigation systems such as the Galileo... and consumer protection |
Karel Van Miert Karel Van Miert Karel Van Miert was a socialist Flemish politician.He was born in Oud-Turnhout. He studied at Ghent University and gained a degree in diplomatic sciences. In 1976 he became adjunct-national secretary of the – at that time – unitary Belgian socialist party... |
SP Socialist Party (Belgium) The following Socialist Parties exist in Belgium:* Left Socialist Party - Linkse Socialistische Partij/Parti Socialiste de Lutte * Parti Socialiste * Socialistische Partij Anders, Socialist Party Differently -See also:... |
|
| Regional Policy European Commissioner for Regional Policy The Commissioner for Regional Policy is a portfolio within the European Commission. The current Commissioner is Johannes Hahn.The portfolio is responsible for managing the regional policy of the European Union, such as the European Regional Development Fund, which takes up a third of the EU's... |
Bruce Millan Bruce Millan Bruce Millan is a Scottish Labour politician. He was born in Dundee and educated at the Harris Academy in that city.He was elected as Member of Parliament for Glasgow Craigton at the 1959 general election and served for that seat, and after its abolition for Glasgow Govan, until 1988... |
Labour Labour Party (UK) The Labour Party is a centre-left democratic socialist party in the United Kingdom. It surpassed the Liberal Party in general elections during the early 1920s, forming minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in 1924 and 1929-1931. The party was in a wartime coalition from 1940 to 1945, after... |
|
| Employment, industrial relations and social affairs European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs & Equal Opportunities The Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion is the member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is László Andor.... |
Vasso Papandreou | PASOK Panhellenic Socialist Movement The Panhellenic Socialist Movement , known mostly by its acronym PASOK , is one of the two major political parties in Greece. Founded on 3 September 1974 by Andreas Papandreou, in 1981 PASOK became Greece's first social democratic party to win a majority in parliament.The party is a socialist party... |
|
| Environment, nuclear safety European Commissioner for Energy The Commissioner for Energy is a member of the European Commission. The current Commissioner is Günther Oettinger .-Responsibilities:The Commissioner holds responsibility for the European Union's energy policy as well as nuclear issues . It was previously a backwater in the Commission but has now... and civil protection |
Carlo Ripa di Meana | Sinistra Verde | |
| Budget European Commissioner for Financial Programming & the Budget The Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget is the member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Janusz Lewandowski.... |
Peter Schmidhuber Peter Schmidhuber Peter Schmidhuber is a former German and European politician from the Bavarian CSU party.-Biography:Schmidhuber was born in Munich, Bavaria. He studied law and economics at the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich from 1951, gaining his license to practice as a lawyer in 1960... |
CSU | |
| Taxation and customs union European Commissioner for Taxation & Customs Union The Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud is the member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Algirdas Šemeta. The post was previously divided prior to 2010, with audit being under control of the Commissioner for Administrative Affairs.The post is... |
Christiane Scrivener Christiane Scrivener Christiane Scrivener is a French politician, a member of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing's Parti républicain .... |
Republican Party Republican Party (France) The Republican Party was a French right-wing political party founded in 1977. It replaced the National Federation of the Independent Republicans that was founded in 1966. It was created by former President of France Valéry Giscard d'Estaing... |
|
Third college
This Commission served from 1993 to 1994. It was the first Commission of the European UnionEuropean Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
, with the Maastricht Treaty
Maastricht Treaty
The Maastricht Treaty was signed on 7 February 1992 by the members of the European Community in Maastricht, Netherlands. On 9–10 December 1991, the same city hosted the European Council which drafted the treaty...
coming into force. Its short tenure was designed to bring the mandates of the Commission into line with those of the European Parliament.
| Portfolio | Name | State | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| President President of the European Commission The President of the European Commission is the head of the European Commission ― the executive branch of the :European Union ― the most powerful officeholder in the EU. The President is responsible for allocating portfolios to members of the Commission and can reshuffle or dismiss them if needed... |
Jacques Delors Jacques Delors Jacques Lucien Jean Delors is a French economist and politician, the eighth President of the European Commission and the first person to serve three terms in that office .-French Politics:... |
PS Socialist Party (France) The Socialist Party is a social-democratic political party in France and the largest party of the French centre-left. It is one of the two major contemporary political parties in France, along with the center-right Union for a Popular Movement... |
|
| Vice-President Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is ex-officio the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,... Internal market European Commissioner for Internal Market & Services The Commissioner for Internal Market and Services is a member of the European Commission. The post is currently held by Commissioner Michel Barnier .-Responsibilities:... , industrial affairs European Commissioner for Enterprise & Industry The Commissioner for Industry and Entrepreneurship is a Vice President of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Antonio Tajani.The post was enlarged from the Commissioner for Enterprise and Information Society portfolio in the Prodi Commission to include Industry... and ICT European Commissioner for Information Society & Media The Commissioner for Digital Agenda is a member of the European Commission responsible for media and information issues such as telecoms and IT... |
Martin Bangemann Martin Bangemann Martin Bangemann is a German politician and a former leader of the FDP . He studied Law in Tübingen and Munich, earned a Dr. jur. in 1962, and qualified as an attorney in 1964... |
FDP | |
| Vice-President Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is ex-officio the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,... External economic affairs and trade policy European Commissioner for Trade The European Commissioner for Trade is the member of the European Commission responsible for the European Union's common commercial policy... |
Sir Leon Brittan | Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
|
| Vice-President Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is ex-officio the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,... Economic and financial affairs European Commissioner for Economic & Financial Affairs The Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro is the member of the European Commission responsible for economic and financial affairs. The current Commissioner is Olli Rehn .-Responsibilities:... |
Henning Christophersen Henning Christophersen Henning Christophersen is a Danish politician, a former vice-president of the European Commission , former leader of the Danish liberal party Venstre and former member of the European Convention.... |
Venstre Venstre (Denmark) VenstreThe party name is officially not translated into any other language, but is in English often referred to as the Liberal Party. Similar rules apply for the name of the party's youth wing Venstres Ungdom. , full name Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti , is the largest political party in Denmark... |
|
| Vice-President Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is ex-officio the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,... Cooperation, development and humanitarian aid European Commissioner for Development & Humanitarian Aid The Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response is a member of the European Commission. The post is currently held by Kristalina Georgieva.... |
Manuel Marin Manuel Marín Manuel Marín González is a Spanish politician, former President of the Congress of Deputies of Spain. He was a long-time member of the European Commission, and President during the interim Marin Commission following the Resignation of the Santer Commission, of which he was a member.-Early life and... |
PSOE Spanish Socialist Workers' Party The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party is a social-democratic political party in Spain. Its political position is Centre-left. The PSOE is the former ruling party of Spain, until beaten in the elections of November 2011 and the second oldest, exceeded only by the Partido Carlista, founded in... |
|
| Vice-President Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is ex-officio the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,... Competition |
Karel Van Miert Karel Van Miert Karel Van Miert was a socialist Flemish politician.He was born in Oud-Turnhout. He studied at Ghent University and gained a degree in diplomatic sciences. In 1976 he became adjunct-national secretary of the – at that time – unitary Belgian socialist party... |
SP Socialist Party (Belgium) The following Socialist Parties exist in Belgium:* Left Socialist Party - Linkse Socialistische Partij/Parti Socialiste de Lutte * Parti Socialiste * Socialistische Partij Anders, Socialist Party Differently -See also:... |
|
| Vice-President Vice-President of the European Commission A Vice President of the European Commission is a post in the European Commission usually occupied by more than one member of the Commission. Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty entered into force, one of these is ex-officio the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,... Science, research, technological development European Commissioner for Science & Research The Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science is a portfolio within the European Commission. The current commissioner is Máire Geoghegan-Quinn .... and education European Commissioner for Education, Training & Culture The Commissioner for Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth is a member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Androulla Vassiliou.... |
Antonio Ruberti Antonio Ruberti Antonio Ruberti was an Italian politician and engineer. He was a member of the Italian Government and a European Commissioner as well as a Professor of engineering at La Sapienza University.-Biography:... |
PSI Italian Socialist Party The Italian Socialist Party was a socialist and later social-democratic political party in Italy founded in Genoa in 1892.Once the dominant leftist party in Italy, it was eclipsed in status by the Italian Communist Party following World War II... |
|
| Transport European Commissioner for Transport The Commissioner for Transport is the member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Siim Kallas.The portfolio is responsible for the development of transport infastructure in the European Union such as road and rail networks but also navigation systems such as the Galileo... and energy European Commissioner for Energy The Commissioner for Energy is a member of the European Commission. The current Commissioner is Günther Oettinger .-Responsibilities:The Commissioner holds responsibility for the European Union's energy policy as well as nuclear issues . It was previously a backwater in the Commission but has now... |
Marcelino Oreja | People's Party People's Party (Spain) The People's Party is a conservative political party in Spain.The People's Party was a re-foundation in 1989 of the People's Alliance , a party led and founded by Manuel Fraga Iribarne, a former Minister of Tourism during Francisco Franco's dictatorship... |
|
| Environment, fisheries European Commissioner for Fisheries & Maritime Affairs The Commissioner for Maritime affairs and Fisheries is a member of the European Commission. The current Commissioner is Maria Damanaki.The portfolio includes policies such as the Common Fisheries Policy, which is largely a competence of the European Union rather than the members... |
Ioannis Paleokrassas Ioannis Paleokrassas Ioannis Paleokrassas is a Greek politician.He is a former Minister for Finance and a European Commissioner in the Delors Commission. On 14 July 1992 Paleokassas's car was the objective of a rocket attack in Central Athens. The attack missed its target, but killed a passer-by.-References:... |
ND New Democracy (Greece) New Democracy is the main centre-right political party and one of the two major parties in Greece. It was founded in 1974 by Konstantinos Karamanlis and formed the first cabinet of the Third Hellenic Republic... |
|
| Agriculture and rural development European Commissioner for Agriculture & Rural Development The Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development is a member of the European Commission. The post is currently held by Commissioner Dacian Cioloş... |
René Steichen René Steichen René Steichen is a Luxembourgian politician and jurist.A member of the Christian Social People's Party , Steichen first held office as Mayor of Diekirch . He entered the Chamber of Deputies in 1979... |
CSV Christian Social People's Party The Christian Social People's Party , abbreviated to CSV or PCS, is the largest political party in Luxembourg. The party follows a Christian Democratic and conservative ideology and, like most parties in Luxembourg, it is strongly pro-European... |
|
| Transport European Commissioner for Transport The Commissioner for Transport is the member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Siim Kallas.The portfolio is responsible for the development of transport infastructure in the European Union such as road and rail networks but also navigation systems such as the Galileo... and energy European Commissioner for Energy The Commissioner for Energy is a member of the European Commission. The current Commissioner is Günther Oettinger .-Responsibilities:The Commissioner holds responsibility for the European Union's energy policy as well as nuclear issues . It was previously a backwater in the Commission but has now... |
Abel Matutes Abel Matutes Abel Matutes y Juan is a Spanish politician who served as Spain's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 6 May 1996 to 2000. Matutes was born in Ibiza on 31 October 1941 and his early political life was in that region. He was Mayor of Ibiza in 1970 and 1971 and became Senator for Ibiza and Formentera in... |
People's Party People's Party (Spain) The People's Party is a conservative political party in Spain.The People's Party was a re-foundation in 1989 of the People's Alliance , a party led and founded by Manuel Fraga Iribarne, a former Minister of Tourism during Francisco Franco's dictatorship... |
|
| Institutional reform, internal market European Commissioner for Internal Market & Services The Commissioner for Internal Market and Services is a member of the European Commission. The post is currently held by Commissioner Michel Barnier .-Responsibilities:... and enterprise European Commissioner for Enterprise & Industry The Commissioner for Industry and Entrepreneurship is a Vice President of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Antonio Tajani.The post was enlarged from the Commissioner for Enterprise and Information Society portfolio in the Prodi Commission to include Industry... |
Raniero Vanni d'Archirafi | unknown | |
| Taxation, customs union European Commissioner for Taxation & Customs Union The Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud is the member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Algirdas Šemeta. The post was previously divided prior to 2010, with audit being under control of the Commissioner for Administrative Affairs.The post is... and consumer policies |
Christiane Scrivener Christiane Scrivener Christiane Scrivener is a French politician, a member of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing's Parti républicain .... |
Liberal Liberal Democracy (France) Liberal Democracy was a French political party that advocated conservative liberalism and liberal conservatism, headed by Alain Madelin. The party replaced in 1997 the Republican Party, which was the classical liberal component of the Union for French Democracy .It became independent in 1998,... |
|
| Budget, financial control and the cohesion fund European Commissioner for Financial Programming & the Budget The Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget is the member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Janusz Lewandowski.... |
Peter Schmidhuber Peter Schmidhuber Peter Schmidhuber is a former German and European politician from the Bavarian CSU party.-Biography:Schmidhuber was born in Munich, Bavaria. He studied law and economics at the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich from 1951, gaining his license to practice as a lawyer in 1960... |
CSU | |
| Social affairs and employment European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs & Equal Opportunities The Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion is the member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is László Andor.... |
Pádraig Flynn Padraig Flynn Pádraig "Pee" Flynn is a former Irish politician. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála in 1977. He was returned at each subsequent election until 1993... |
Fianna Fáil Fianna Fáil Fianna Fáil – The Republican Party , more commonly known as Fianna Fáil is a centrist political party in the Republic of Ireland, founded on 23 March 1926. Fianna Fáil's name is traditionally translated into English as Soldiers of Destiny, although a more accurate rendition would be Warriors of Fál... |
|
| Relations with Parliament, culture European Commissioner for Education, Training & Culture The Commissioner for Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth is a member of the European Commission. The current commissioner is Androulla Vassiliou.... and audiovisual European Commissioner for Information Society & Media The Commissioner for Digital Agenda is a member of the European Commission responsible for media and information issues such as telecoms and IT... |
João de Deus Pinheiro João de Deus Pinheiro For the city of João Pinheiro in the state of Minas Gerais see João PinheiroJoão de Deus Rogado Salvador Pinheiro, GCC, born 11 July 1945 in Lisbon, is a Portuguese politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Social Democratic Party–People's Party coalition; part of the European... |
PSD Social Democratic Party (Portugal) The Social Democratic Party , is a centre-right liberal conservative political party in Portugal. It is commonly known by its initials, PSD; on ballot papers, its initials appear as PPD/PSD, with the first three letters coming from the party's original name, Democratic People's Party... /PP |
|
| External relations and enlargement European Commissioner for Enlargement The Commissioner for Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy is the member of the European Commission in charge of overseeing the accession process of prospective new member states and relations with those bordering the European Union... |
Hans van den Broek Hans van den Broek Henri van den Broek is a leading Dutch politician. He is best known for having served 11 years as the Netherlands' Minister of Foreign Affairs between 1982 and 1993, when he became European Commissioner for Foreign Relations.-Career:Van Den Broek started his career as a lawyer... |
CDA | |
| Regional policy and cohesion European Commissioner for Regional Policy The Commissioner for Regional Policy is a portfolio within the European Commission. The current Commissioner is Johannes Hahn.The portfolio is responsible for managing the regional policy of the European Union, such as the European Regional Development Fund, which takes up a third of the EU's... |
Bruce Millan Bruce Millan Bruce Millan is a Scottish Labour politician. He was born in Dundee and educated at the Harris Academy in that city.He was elected as Member of Parliament for Glasgow Craigton at the 1959 general election and served for that seat, and after its abolition for Glasgow Govan, until 1988... |
Labour Labour Party (UK) The Labour Party is a centre-left democratic socialist party in the United Kingdom. It surpassed the Liberal Party in general elections during the early 1920s, forming minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in 1924 and 1929-1931. The party was in a wartime coalition from 1940 to 1945, after... |
|
Key
The colour of the row indicates the approximate political leaning of the office holder using the following scheme:| Affiliation | First term | Second term | Third term |
|---|---|---|---|
| Right Right-wing politics In politics, Right, right-wing and rightist generally refer to support for a hierarchical society justified on the basis of an appeal to natural law or tradition. To varying degrees, the Right rejects the egalitarian objectives of left-wing politics, claiming that the imposition of equality is... leaning / Conservative Conservatism Conservatism is a political and social philosophy that promotes the maintenance of traditional institutions and supports, at the most, minimal and gradual change in society. Some conservatives seek to preserve things as they are, emphasizing stability and continuity, while others oppose modernism... |
8 | 6 | 7 |
| Left Left-wing politics In politics, Left, left-wing and leftist generally refer to support for social change to create a more egalitarian society... leaning / Socialist Socialism Socialism is an economic system characterized by social ownership of the means of production and cooperative management of the economy; or a political philosophy advocating such a system. "Social ownership" may refer to any one of, or a combination of, the following: cooperative enterprises,... |
6 | 7 | 6 |
| Centrist / Liberal Liberalism Liberalism is the belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but generally, liberals support ideas such as constitutionalism, liberal democracy, free and fair elections, human rights,... |
2 | 3 | 3 |
| Green party European Green Party The European Green Party is the Green political party at European level. As such it is a federation of green parties in Europe.-History:... |
1 | 1 | 0 |
| Other / Unknown | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Secretary-General
The Secretary-General of the European CommissionSecretary-General of the European Commission
The Secretary-General of the European Commission is the senior civil servant of the European Commission. The Secretary-General, who is responsible to the President of the European Commission, is in charge of the various Directorates-General, headed by Directors-General.His/her personal staff form...
throughout the three Delors Commissions was David Williamson
David Williamson, Baron Williamson of Horton
David Francis Williamson, Baron Williamson of Horton GCMG, CB, PC was a senior British and European civil servant and is an active member of the House of Lords....
.
See also
- Single European ActSingle European ActThe Single European Act was the first major revision of the 1957 Treaty of Rome. The Act set the European Community an objective of establishing a Single Market by 31 December 1992, and codified European Political Cooperation, the forerunner of the European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy...
- Treaty of Maastricht
- EMUEconomic and Monetary Union of the European UnionThe Economic and Monetary Union is an umbrella term for the group of policies aimed at converging the economies of members of the European Union in three stages so as to allow them to adopt a single currency, the euro. As such, it is largely synonymous with the eurozone.All member states of the...
- Delors buildingDelors buildingThe Delors building located in the European Quarter of Brussels and houses the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. It was named Delors in 2006 after President Jacques Delors, who was the principal founder behind the Committee of the Regions and the most...
- European NavigatorEuropean NAvigatorEuropean NAvigator was the former name of the digital library on the history of European integration and related institutions. The research project is now online at www.cvce.eu, a website dedicated to European integration studies....
External links
- Delors Report ec.europa.eu
- Photos of the First Delors Commission ec.europa.eu
- Photos of the Second Delors Commission ec.europa.eu
- Photos of the Third Delors Commission ec.europa.eu
- History of the EU, 1985 europa.eu