DDR-Liga
Encyclopedia
DDR Liga
Founded
1950
Disbanded
1991
Nation
East Germany
Promotion To
DDR-Oberliga
DDR-Oberliga
The DDR-Oberliga was, prior to German reunification in 1990, the elite level of football competition in the DDR , being roughly equivalent to the Oberliga or Bundesliga in West Germany.-Overview:Following World...

Relegation To
Bezirksliga (15 regional leagues)
Number of Seasons
40
Replaced by
2nd Bundesliga
Level on Pyramid
Level 2
East German football league system
The football league system of the German Democratic Republic existed from the creation of the DDR-Oberliga in 1949 until shortly after German reunification in 1990....

Last Champions 1990-91
1. FC Union Berlin
1. FC Union Berlin
1. FC Union Berlin is a German association football club based in Berlin. It is one of two sides in the city bearing the name Union that emerged during the Cold War and played in East Germany, while the other played in the west. The club currently plays in the 2. Fußball-Bundesliga.-Foundation to...

FSV Zwickau
FSV Zwickau
FSV Zwickau is a German association football club located in Zwickau, Saxony. Today's club claims as part of its complex heritage sides that were East Germany's first champions: 1948 Ostzone winners SG Planitz and 1950 DDR-Oberliga champions ZSG Horch Zwickau.-History:In addition to the earliest...



The DDR-Liga (English:East German League or GDR-League) was, prior to German reunification
German reunification
German reunification was the process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany , and when Berlin reunited into a single city, as provided by its then Grundgesetz constitution Article 23. The start of this process is commonly referred by Germans as die...

 in 1990, the second level of football competition in the DDR
German Democratic Republic
The German Democratic Republic , informally called East Germany by West Germany and other countries, was a socialist state established in 1949 in the Soviet zone of occupied Germany, including East Berlin of the Allied-occupied capital city...

 (Deutsche Demokratische Republik or German Democratic Republic, commonly East Germany), being roughly equivalent to the Bundesliga in West Germany.

1950-1955

The league was established with two divisions of ten teams each in 1950 as the level of play below the DDR-Oberliga
DDR-Oberliga
The DDR-Oberliga was, prior to German reunification in 1990, the elite level of football competition in the DDR , being roughly equivalent to the Oberliga or Bundesliga in West Germany.-Overview:Following World...

, and as such was the second tier of the East German football league system
East German football league system
The football league system of the German Democratic Republic existed from the creation of the DDR-Oberliga in 1949 until shortly after German reunification in 1990....

. It remained the second tier in various configurations throughout its existence until it was disbanded in 1991.

The champion of each division was directly promoted to the Oberliga. While not having geographical "tags" attached to the division, Staffel 1 was originally equivalent to a Northern Division while Staffel 2 was the Southern Division. The system was not static however, clubs were often moved between groups to balance out league numbers, and sometimes also for political reasons. In the same way, clubs were also moved between cities out of a variety of reasons.

In its second season, the divisions were expanded to twelve teams each, the year after to thirteen and in 1953 to fourteen.

The year 1954 saw the creation of a third group, Staffel 3, making geographical categorizing more difficult, but essentially one was north, two was south and three was central.

1955-1971

The league system changed completely in 1955. East Germany followed the example of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

 and switched to a calendar year system, resulting in a shortened autumn competition for 1955 only with a single division, fourteen-team format. From the 1956 season the league continued to operate as a single division format with the top two teams gaining promotion.

After the 1960 season, the league reverted to the traditional system of playing from autumn to spring. This meant that the 1961-62 season, as a transition season, went through three rounds and each of the fourteen clubs played 39 games.

The year after, the league returned to two divisions, North and South, still with fourteen clubs each and the winners gaining promotion.

In 1963, the two divisions were expanded to sixteen clubs each.

1971-1984

After a lengthy period without changes to the system, the DDR-Ligas were revamped in 1971 when their number was increased to five with eleven teams in the C and D group and twelve teams in the other three. The year after, all five divisions had twelve clubs. The new system meant that not all league winners could be directly promoted. Instead, the five champions played a promotion round with the top two teams gaining entry to the Oberliga.

To a large extent, the five new divisions represented the pre-1950 states of East Germany, Brandenburg
Brandenburg
Brandenburg is one of the sixteen federal-states of Germany. It lies in the east of the country and is one of the new federal states that were re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany. The capital is Potsdam...

, Mecklenburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Sachsen and Thüringen
Thuringia
The Free State of Thuringia is a state of Germany, located in the central part of the country.It has an area of and 2.29 million inhabitants, making it the sixth smallest by area and the fifth smallest by population of Germany's sixteen states....

, which were all re-formed with the German reunification
German reunification
German reunification was the process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany , and when Berlin reunited into a single city, as provided by its then Grundgesetz constitution Article 23. The start of this process is commonly referred by Germans as die...

 in 1990.

Until 1976, reserve teams of Oberliga clubs were permitted in the DDR-Liga. They were then banned from entering the second tier in order to increase the appeal of the leagues as attendance for matches involving reserve teams in Germany never were particularly high. This also resulted in the promotion round now definitely being played by the league champions. Previously, when one of the five divisions was won by a reserve team, the best placed first team from the division was entered in the promotion round.

1984-1991

The year 1984 saw the DDR-Liga revert to a two-group system, now with eighteen clubs per division and direct promotion for the champions again. Also, reserve teams were re-admitted to the league but still barred from promotion to the Oberliga.

The 1988-89 season was the last under the old East German system, the two following ones the league operated under the name of NOFV-Liga, meaning Nordostdeutscher Fussballverband-Liga (English:Northeast German FA League). The majority of clubs moved away from their, mostly communist, background and adopted new or pre-DDR names. In its final season, 1990-91, the league was under the authority of the DFB
German Football Association
The German Football Association is the governing body of football in Germany. A founding member of both FIFA and UEFA, the DFB organises the German football leagues, including the national league, the Bundesliga, and the men's and women's national teams. The DFB is based in Frankfurt and is...

, the (West) German Football Association. Reduced to sixteen clubs per division and without reserve teams now, the clubs played for qualification in the united German football league system
German football league system
The German football league system, or league pyramid, refers to a series of hierarchically interconnected leagues for association football clubs in Germany that consists of over 2,300 men's divisions, in which all leagues are bound together by the principle of promotion and relegation...

 from 1991. With the exception of the bottom two teams in each league, all clubs went to the new NOFV-Oberligas, the new tier III leagues in what was East Germany and West Berlin
West Berlin
West Berlin was a political exclave that existed between 1949 and 1990. It comprised the western regions of Berlin, which were bordered by East Berlin and parts of East Germany. West Berlin consisted of the American, British, and French occupation sectors, which had been established in 1945...

.

Current leagues

The NOFV-Oberliga Nord
NOFV-Oberliga Nord
The NOFV-Oberliga Nord is the fifth tier of the German football league system in the northern states of former East Germany and West-Berlin. Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008, it was the fourth tier of the league system. It covers the German states of Berlin, Brandenburg and...

, the equivalent of the DDR-Liga Staffel A, and the NOFV-Oberliga Süd
NOFV-Oberliga Süd
The NOFV-Oberliga Süd is the fifth tier of the German football league system in the southern states of former East Germany. Until the introduction of the 3rd Liga in 2008, it was the fourth tier of the league system. It covers the German states of Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia and Saxony...

, the former DDR-Liga Staffel B, are in a geographical sense the continuation of the old leagues, covering the same regions, albeit not on tier II level anymore, but as a tier V competition.

Leagues below the DDR-Liga

For the most part of the existence of the DDR-Liga, the leagues below it were the 15 Bezirksligas. Those were introduced in 1952. For a brief period from 1955 to 1963, the 2nd DDR-Liga formed the third tier of the East German pyramid. This league, consisting of five regional divisions, was abolished again in 1963 and the Bezirksligas became the level immediately below the DDR-Liga again. In its very last season, the newly recreated states of former East Germany introduced their own regional leagues, with the exception of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Berlin. Those still exist today. The Bezirksligas however have mostly either disappeared, changed their name or exist in a different format.

The fifteen Bezirksligas were:
  • Bezirksliga Schwerin
  • Bezirksliga Rostock
  • Bezirksliga Neubrandenburg
  • Bezirksliga Magdeburg
  • Bezirksliga Potsdam
  • Bezirksliga Berlin
  • Bezirksliga Halle
  • Bezirksliga Frankfurt/Oder
  • Bezirksliga Cottbus
  • Bezirksliga Gera
  • Bezirksliga Erfurt
  • Bezirksliga Suhl
  • Bezirksliga Dresden
  • Bezirksliga Leipzig
  • Bezirksliga Karl-Marz-Stadt

1950-1955

Season Staffel 1 Staffel 2
1950-51 Anker Wismar Wismut Aue
1951-52 Empor Lauter Motor Jena
1952-53 Fortschritt Meerane Einheit Ost Leipzig
1953-54 Chemie Karl-Marx-Stadt Vorwärts Berlin

1955-1971

Season Staffel 1 Staffel 2 Staffel 3
1954-55 Lok Stendal
Lok Stendal
1. FC Lok Stendal is a German association football club that plays in Stendal, Saxony-Anhalt.- History :Founded in 1909, FC Viktoria Stendal was dissolved in the aftermath of World War II and re-established in Soviet-occupied East Germany in 1945 as SG Stendal-Nord. The club underwent a number of...

Fortschritt Weißenfels Motor Dessau

Season DDR-Liga
1955 Fortschritt Meerane
1956 Motor Jena
1957 Dynamo Berlin
SC Dynamo Berlin
The Sports Club Dynamo Berlin was an East German sports club that existed from 1954 to 1991. It was a training center for the Sports Club Dynamo .-Sporting spectrum:...

1958 Chemie Zeitz
1959 Chemie Halle
1960 Turbine Erfurt
1961-62 Dynamo Dresden
Dynamo Dresden
SG Dynamo Dresden are a German association football club, based in Dresden, Saxony. They were founded in 1950, as a club affiliated with the East German police, and became one of the most popular and successful clubs in East German football, winning eight league titles...


Season Staffel Nord Staffel Süd
1962-63 Lok Stendal
Lok Stendal
1. FC Lok Stendal is a German association football club that plays in Stendal, Saxony-Anhalt.- History :Founded in 1909, FC Viktoria Stendal was dissolved in the aftermath of World War II and re-established in Soviet-occupied East Germany in 1945 as SG Stendal-Nord. The club underwent a number of...

Motor Steinach
1963-64 SC Neubrandenburg Dynamo Dresden
Dynamo Dresden
SG Dynamo Dresden are a German association football club, based in Dresden, Saxony. They were founded in 1950, as a club affiliated with the East German police, and became one of the most popular and successful clubs in East German football, winning eight league titles...

1964-65 Chemie Halle Turbine Erfurt
1965-66 1. FC Union Berlin
1. FC Union Berlin
1. FC Union Berlin is a German association football club based in Berlin. It is one of two sides in the city bearing the name Union that emerged during the Cold War and played in East Germany, while the other played in the west. The club currently plays in the 2. Fußball-Bundesliga.-Foundation to...

Wismut Gera
1966-67 1. FC Magdeburg
1. FC Magdeburg
1. FC Magdeburg is a German association football club playing in Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt.-History:Football has been played in Magdeburg since the end of the 19th century. On 15 June 1896 SV Victoria 96 Magdeburg was founded, a club that had its best days before World War II, when it participated...

Rot-Weiß Erfurt
1967-68 Dynamo Berlin
Berliner FC Dynamo
Berliner FC Dynamo is a German association football club and is the successor organization to the club that played in East Berlin as Dynamo Berlin from 1953 to 1966.-Founding and Stasi patronage:...

Stahl Riesa
Stahl Riesa
TSV Stahl Riesa is a German association football club from Riesa in Saxony.-History:The club was founded as SC Riesa in 1903 in the cellar of the local pub "Bodega" and was re-named Riesaer SV two years later...

1968-69 Stahl Eisenhüttenstadt Dynamo Dresden
1969-70 1. FC Union Berlin 1. FC Lok Leipzig
1970-71 Vorwärts Stralsund FC Karl-Marx-Stadt 

1971-1984

Season Staffel A Staffel B Staffel C Staffel D Staffel E
1971-72 TSG Wismar Dynamo Berlin II Chemie Leipzig Motor Werdau Rot-Weiß Erfurt
1972-73 Vorwärts Stralsund Dynamo Berlin II * Vorwärts Leipzig
Vorwärts Leipzig
ASG Vorwärts Leipzig was an German association football club from the city of Leipzig, Saxony. The history of the club is marked by several wholesale transfers of the player squad to other cities. The team was founded in 1951 as Sportsverein Volkspolizei Vorwärts Leipzig as the sports club of the...

Dynamo Dresden II * Chemie Zeitz
1973-74 Vorwärts Stralsund 1. FC Union Berlin
1. FC Union Berlin
1. FC Union Berlin is a German association football club based in Berlin. It is one of two sides in the city bearing the name Union that emerged during the Cold War and played in East Germany, while the other played in the west. The club currently plays in the 2. Fußball-Bundesliga.-Foundation to...

Hallescher FC Chemie Chemie Böhlen Wismut Gera
1974-75 Dynamo Schwerin 1. FC Union Berlin Chemie Leipzig Energie Cottbus
Energie Cottbus
FC Energie Cottbus is a German association football club based in Cottbus, Lusatia . It was founded in 1963 as SC Cottbus in what was, at the time, East Germany...

Wismut Gera
1975-76 Hansa Rostock 1. FC Union Berlin Hallescher FC Chemie II Motor Werdau FC Carl Zeiss Jena II
1976-77 Vorwärts Stralsund Stahl Hennigsdorf Chemie Leipzig Chemie Böhlen Wismut Gera
1977-78 Hansa Rostock Vorwärts Neubrandenburg Chemie Leipzig Lok Dresden Stahl Riesa
1978-79 TSG Bau Rostock Vorwärts Frankfurt Chemie Leipzig Energie Cottbus
Energie Cottbus
FC Energie Cottbus is a German association football club based in Cottbus, Lusatia . It was founded in 1963 as SC Cottbus in what was, at the time, East Germany...

Motor Suhl
1979-80 Hansa Rostock Dynamo Fürstenwalde Chemie Böhlen Energie Cottbus Wismut Gera
1980-81 Schiffahrt/Hafen Rostock 1. FC Union Berlin Chemie Schkopau Energie Cottbus Motor Suhl
1981-82 Vorwärts Stralsund 1. FC Union Berlin Chemie Böhlen Stahl Riesa Motor Nordhausen
1982-83 Schiffahrt/Hafen Rostock Stahl Brandenburg Chemie Leipzig Stahl Riesa Wismut Gera
1983-84 Vorwärts Neubrandenburg Stahl Brandenburg Vorwärts Dessau
Vorwärts Dessau
ASG Vorwärts Dessau is a German association football club based in Dessau-Roßlau, Saxony-Anhalt.- ASG Vorwärts :At the end of the 1973–74 season of the second-tier DDR-Liga the leadership of the Armeesportvereinigung Vorwärts decided to move ASG Vorwärts Leipzig to Dessau...

Sachsenring Zwickau Motor Suhl

1984-1991

Season Staffel A Staffel B
1984-85 1. FC Union Berlin
1. FC Union Berlin
1. FC Union Berlin is a German association football club based in Berlin. It is one of two sides in the city bearing the name Union that emerged during the Cold War and played in East Germany, while the other played in the west. The club currently plays in the 2. Fußball-Bundesliga.-Foundation to...

Sachsenring Zwickau
1985-86 Dynamo Berlin II * Fortschritt Bischofswerda
1986-87 Hansa Rostock Hallescher FC Chemie
1987-88 Energie Cottbus
Energie Cottbus
FC Energie Cottbus is a German association football club based in Cottbus, Lusatia . It was founded in 1963 as SC Cottbus in what was, at the time, East Germany...

Sachsenring Zwickau
1988-89 Stahl Eisenhüttenstadt Fortschritt Bischofswerda
1989-90 FC Vorwärts Frankfurt Chemie Böhlen
1990-91 1. FC Union Berlin FSV Zwickau
FSV Zwickau
FSV Zwickau is a German association football club located in Zwickau, Saxony. Today's club claims as part of its complex heritage sides that were East Germany's first champions: 1948 Ostzone winners SG Planitz and 1950 DDR-Oberliga champions ZSG Horch Zwickau.-History:In addition to the earliest...


Source:
  • bold denotes club gained promotion.
  • In 1973, the runners-up Energie Cottbus (Staffel B) and Stahl Riesa (Staffel D) were promoted as the champions of these two leagues were reserve teams and therefore ineligible for promotion.
  • In 1986, the runner-up Energie Cottbus was promoted instead.

DDR-Liga Staffel A

DDR-Liga Staffel A 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
FC Hansa Rostock
FC Hansa Rostock
F.C. Hansa Rostock is a German association football club based in the city of Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. They have emerged as one of the most successful clubs from the former East Germany and have made several appearances in the 1. Bundesliga. Rostock currently compete in the 2. Bundesliga...

1
Energie Cottbus
Energie Cottbus
FC Energie Cottbus is a German association football club based in Cottbus, Lusatia . It was founded in 1963 as SC Cottbus in what was, at the time, East Germany...

3 2 1
Stahl Eisenhüttenstadt 2 10 7 15 1
Vorwärts Frankfurt/Oder 3 1
Fortschritt Bischofswerda B B B B 4
1. FC Union Berlin
1. FC Union Berlin
1. FC Union Berlin is a German association football club based in Berlin. It is one of two sides in the city bearing the name Union that emerged during the Cold War and played in East Germany, while the other played in the west. The club currently plays in the 2. Fußball-Bundesliga.-Foundation to...

1 2 1
Chemie Leipzig 3 10 B B B
Chemie Guben 18 11 2
Rotation Berlin 5 9 11 2 6 4 3
Bergmann-Borsig Berlin 8 5
Post Neubrandenburg 12 15 15 6 11 9 6
Aktivist Schwarze Pumpe 9 11 B 12 5 5 7
Lok Altmark Stendal 16 18 8
Stahl Hennigsdorf 15 14 9
Aktivist Brieske-Senftenberg 11 16 5 16 10
KKW Greifswald 6 9 7 12 6 11
Schiffahrt/Hafen Rostock 16 17 7 7 12
Rot-Weiß Prenzlau 13
Motor Eberswalde 14
Dynamo Schwerin 14 13 12 8 9 13 15
Motor Stralsund 10 16
Vorwärts Dessau
Vorwärts Dessau
ASG Vorwärts Dessau is a German association football club based in Dessau-Roßlau, Saxony-Anhalt.- ASG Vorwärts :At the end of the 1973–74 season of the second-tier DDR-Liga the leadership of the Armeesportvereinigung Vorwärts decided to move ASG Vorwärts Leipzig to Dessau...

B 5 3 B B B B
Chemie Buna-Schkopau 13 B B B B B
Chemie Velten * 3
Dynamo Fürstenwalde * 6 14 2 9 2 12
Kabelwerk Oberspree Berlin 14 15
Lok/Armaturen Prenzlau 12 13 17 16
Motor Ludwigsfelde 14 4 13 17
Motor Schönebeck B 13 10 18
BFC Dynamo II * 8 1 5 3 4
Vorwärts Stralsund * 7 4 4 10 8
Aktivist Brieske-Senftenberg 16
Motor Babelsberg 3 8 8 11 17
Vorwärts Frankfurt/Oder II * 10 7 6 14
FC Hansa Rostock II 18
ISG Schwerin Süd 17 16
Stahl Walzwerk Hettstedt 17
TSG Bau Rostock 15 18
Chemie Wolfen 18

Source:
  • Names shown are the ones the clubs carried over most of these seasons, not necessarily the ones they carried in the last two seasons or their current ones.
  • denotes club played in the DDR-Oberliga.
  • B denotes club played in the Staffel B that season.
  • In 1990, BSG Chemie Velten and Dynamo Fürstenwalde withdrew from the league.
  • In 1989, BFC Dynamo Berlin II and Vorwärts Stralsund withdrew from the league.
  • In 1988, Vorwärts Frankfurt/Oder II had to withdraw from the league because the first team was relegated.

DDR-Liga Staffel B

DDR-Liga Staffel B 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
Chemie Halle 2 2 1
FC Sachsen Leipzig
FC Sachsen Leipzig
FC Sachsen Leipzig was a German football club from Leipzig, Saxony. The roots of the club go back to 1899 and the founding of Britannia Leipzig. Following World War I, a 1919 merger with FC Hertha 05 Leipzig created Leipziger Sportverein 1899...

 *
Wismut Aue 2
Fortschritt Bischofswerda 5 1 5 1 A
Sachsenring Zwickau 1 2 1 4 1
Stahl Riesa
Stahl Riesa
TSV Stahl Riesa is a German association football club from Riesa in Saxony.-History:The club was founded as SC Riesa in 1903 in the cellar of the local pub "Bodega" and was re-named Riesaer SV two years later...

11 3 11
Chemie Leipzig * A A 6 6 2
Motor Suhl 14 11 10 3 9 12
Chemie Böhlen * 4 3 3 13 7 1
Aktivist Schwarze Pumpe A A 4 A A A A
Vorwärts Dessau
Vorwärts Dessau
ASG Vorwärts Dessau is a German association football club based in Dessau-Roßlau, Saxony-Anhalt.- ASG Vorwärts :At the end of the 1973–74 season of the second-tier DDR-Liga the leadership of the Armeesportvereinigung Vorwärts decided to move ASG Vorwärts Leipzig to Dessau...

6 A A 3 2 5 16
Stahl Thale 2 14 6 3
Motor Karl Marx Stadt 11 17 15 10 4
Robotron Sömmerda 18 11 4 8 5
Wismut Gera 9 12 8 9 5 11 6
Chemie Markkleeberg 8 13 10 8 8 17 7
TSG Meißen 7 8
Aktivist Borna 17 9
Motor Weimar 9 13 14 13 12 10
Motor Nordhausen 7 10 5 15 16 13
Kali Werra Tiefenort 17 15 17 15
Chemie Ilmenau 15 18 13 16
Motor Schönebeck 6 A A A
Chemie Buna-Schkopau A 11 7 7 12 14
Dynamo Eisleben 15 7 16 15
Aufbau dkk Krumhermersdorf 16 16
Union Mühlhausen 18
Dynamo Dresden II * 3 6 12 4 9
Motor Grimma 14 4 9 12 18
Fortschritt Weida 16
FC Carl Zeiss Jena II 10 5 14 18
Glückauf Sondershausen 13 8 17
FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt II 12 16
Wismut Aue II 18

Source:
  • Names shown are the ones the clubs carried over most of these seasons, not necessarily the ones they carried in the last two seasons or their current ones.
  • denotes club played in the DDR-Oberliga.
  • A denotes club played in the Staffel A that season.
  • In 1990, Chemie Leipzig and Chemie Böhlen merged to form FC Sachsen Leipzig.
  • In 1989, Dynamo Dresden II withdrew from the league.

See also

  • Regionalliga Nordost
    Regionalliga Nordost
    The Regionalliga Nordost was the third tier of the German football league system in the states of former East Germany and West-Berlin from 1994 to 2000. As such, it was almost identical in territorial cover to the old DDR-Oberliga....

  • NOFV-Oberliga
  • NOFV-Oberliga Süd
    NOFV-Oberliga Süd
    The NOFV-Oberliga Süd is the fifth tier of the German football league system in the southern states of former East Germany. Until the introduction of the 3rd Liga in 2008, it was the fourth tier of the league system. It covers the German states of Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia and Saxony...

  • NOFV-Oberliga Mitte
    NOFV-Oberliga Mitte
    The NOFV-Oberliga Mitte was the third tier of the German football league system in the central states of former East Germany and West-Berlin. The league existed from 1991 to 1994...

  • NOFV-Oberliga Nord
    NOFV-Oberliga Nord
    The NOFV-Oberliga Nord is the fifth tier of the German football league system in the northern states of former East Germany and West-Berlin. Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008, it was the fourth tier of the league system. It covers the German states of Berlin, Brandenburg and...


External links


Sources

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