Cutteslowe
Encyclopedia
Cutteslowe is a suburb of north Oxford
, England
, between Sunnymead
and Water Eaton
.
in Oxford held two hides
of land at Cutteslowe. St. Frideswide's became an Augustinian
Priory
that continued to hold Cutteslowe until it was suppressed in 1525. It then passed to Cardinal Wolsey's Cardinal's College until Wolsey's downfall and attainder
in 1529. Cardinal's College then became King Henry VIII
's College until 1545.
Cutteslowe was then sold and changed hands three times before it was bought in about 1588 by William Lenthall, grandfather of the William Lenthall
who was Speaker
of the Long Parliament
. Between 1611 and 1625 John Lenthall sold Cutteslowe to Sir John Walter of Sarsden near Churchill, Oxfordshire
. Most of the estate was sold by a later Sir John Walter in 1703, and by 1737 had been acquired by Christ Church, Oxford
. Sir John sold about 22 acres (8.9 ha) to a Dr. Robert South who used it to endow his school at Islip, Oxfordshire
.
Sir John sold most of what remained in 1710 to John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
, in whose family it remained until 1811 when George Spencer-Churchill, 6th Duke of Marlborough
sold or exchanged his part of Cutteslowe to one Francis Gregory. In 1918 Gregory's granddaughters sold Cutteslowe to the Soden family. The Sodens sold some of the land for development in 1931 and the remainder to Oxford City Council
in 1936, which turned it into Cutteslowe Park
.
tenants in the Cutteslowe Estate out of a development of private houses between them and Banbury Road
. The northern wall divided Wolsey Road from Carlton Road. The southern wall divided Aldrich Road from Wentworth Road.
During the Second World War
a tank whose crew was trying to return from Banbury Road
to its base on Elsfield Way took a wrong turn and demolished one of the walls rather than turn back. The wall was subsequently rebuilt. After escalating public protests and several unofficial attempts the walls were eventually officially demolished.
A small fragment of the Aldrich Road wall existed in a private garden in Wentworth Road until the 1980s. A blue plaque
was erected by the Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Board
close to the site of the southern wall in 2006.
Elsfield Way is Cutteslowe Park
which was made a public park in the 1930s.
Oxford
The city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...
, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
, between Sunnymead
Sunnymead
Sunnymead is a suburb in the northern part of Oxford, England, just south of the Oxford Ring Road .Close by are the suburbs of Cutteslowe to the north, Summertown to the south and Upper Wolvercote to the west. To the east is the River Cherwell, which flows south towards central Oxford....
and Water Eaton
Water Eaton, Oxfordshire
Water Eaton is a hamlet in the civil parish of Gosford and Water Eaton, between Oxford and Kidlington in Oxfordshire.-History:The toponym Eaton is Anglo-Saxon, and "Water Eaton" means "farm by a river", referring to the manor's site beside the River Cherwell. Water Eaton manor house was built for...
.
Manor
By AD 1004 St. Frideswide's MinsterChrist Church Cathedral, Oxford
Christ Church Cathedral is the cathedral of the diocese of Oxford, which consists of the counties of Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Berkshire. It is also, uniquely, the chapel of Christ Church, a college of the University of Oxford.-History:...
in Oxford held two hides
Hide (unit)
The hide was originally an amount of land sufficient to support a household, but later in Anglo-Saxon England became a unit used in assessing land for liability to "geld", or land tax. The geld would be collected at a stated rate per hide...
of land at Cutteslowe. St. Frideswide's became an Augustinian
Augustinians
The term Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo , applies to two separate and unrelated types of Catholic religious orders:...
Priory
Priory
A priory is a house of men or women under religious vows that is headed by a prior or prioress. Priories may be houses of mendicant friars or religious sisters , or monasteries of monks or nuns .The Benedictines and their offshoots , the Premonstratensians, and the...
that continued to hold Cutteslowe until it was suppressed in 1525. It then passed to Cardinal Wolsey's Cardinal's College until Wolsey's downfall and attainder
Attainder
In English criminal law, attainder or attinctura is the metaphorical 'stain' or 'corruption of blood' which arises from being condemned for a serious capital crime . It entails losing not only one's property and hereditary titles, but typically also the right to pass them on to one's heirs...
in 1529. Cardinal's College then became King Henry VIII
Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was Lord, and later King, of Ireland, as well as continuing the nominal claim by the English monarchs to the Kingdom of France...
's College until 1545.
Cutteslowe was then sold and changed hands three times before it was bought in about 1588 by William Lenthall, grandfather of the William Lenthall
William Lenthall
William Lenthall was an English politician of the Civil War period. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons.-Early life:...
who was Speaker
Speaker of the British House of Commons
The Speaker of the House of Commons is the presiding officer of the House of Commons, the United Kingdom's lower chamber of Parliament. The current Speaker is John Bercow, who was elected on 22 June 2009, following the resignation of Michael Martin...
of the Long Parliament
Long Parliament
The Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and...
. Between 1611 and 1625 John Lenthall sold Cutteslowe to Sir John Walter of Sarsden near Churchill, Oxfordshire
Churchill, Oxfordshire
Churchill is a village and civil parish about southwest of Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire in the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.-History:...
. Most of the estate was sold by a later Sir John Walter in 1703, and by 1737 had been acquired by Christ Church, Oxford
Christ Church, Oxford
Christ Church or house of Christ, and thus sometimes known as The House), is one of the largest constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England...
. Sir John sold about 22 acres (8.9 ha) to a Dr. Robert South who used it to endow his school at Islip, Oxfordshire
Islip, Oxfordshire
Islip is a village and civil parish on the River Ray, just above its confluence with the River Cherwell in Oxfordshire, England. It is about east of Kidlington and about north of Oxford. This village in Oxfordshire is not related to Islip, New York...
.
Sir John sold most of what remained in 1710 to John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, Prince of Mindelheim, KG, PC , was an English soldier and statesman whose career spanned the reigns of five monarchs through the late 17th and early 18th centuries...
, in whose family it remained until 1811 when George Spencer-Churchill, 6th Duke of Marlborough
George Spencer-Churchill, 6th Duke of Marlborough
George Spencer-Churchill, 6th Duke of Marlborough DCL , styled Earl of Sunderland until 1817 and Marquess of Blandford between 1817 and 1840, was a British peer...
sold or exchanged his part of Cutteslowe to one Francis Gregory. In 1918 Gregory's granddaughters sold Cutteslowe to the Soden family. The Sodens sold some of the land for development in 1931 and the remainder to Oxford City Council
Oxford City Council
The Oxford City Council provides local government for the city of Oxford in England.- Overview :Between the 2004 local elections, and 2010 the council was in minority administration, first by councillors from the Labour Party, with the Liberal Democrats being the official opposition...
in 1936, which turned it into Cutteslowe Park
Cutteslowe Park, Oxford
Cutteslowe Park is a public park in Cutteslowe in North Oxford, England. It wasestablished in 1935 when Oxford City Council acquired land of the former Cutteslowe Manor farm, whose house still stands at its centre. More land was acquired in 1937...
.
Cutteslowe Walls
Between 1934 and 1959 Cutteslowe was the location of two very contentious barriers, the Cutteslowe Walls, designed to keep council houseCouncil house
A council house, otherwise known as a local authority house, is a form of public or social housing. The term is used primarily in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Council houses were built and operated by local councils to supply uncrowded, well-built homes on secure tenancies at...
tenants in the Cutteslowe Estate out of a development of private houses between them and Banbury Road
Banbury Road
Banbury Road is a major arterial road in Oxford, England, running from St Giles' at the south end, north towards Banbury through the leafy suburb of North Oxford and Summertown, with its local shopping centre. Parallel and to the west is the Woodstock Road, which it meets at the junction with St...
. The northern wall divided Wolsey Road from Carlton Road. The southern wall divided Aldrich Road from Wentworth Road.
During the Second World War
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
a tank whose crew was trying to return from Banbury Road
Banbury Road
Banbury Road is a major arterial road in Oxford, England, running from St Giles' at the south end, north towards Banbury through the leafy suburb of North Oxford and Summertown, with its local shopping centre. Parallel and to the west is the Woodstock Road, which it meets at the junction with St...
to its base on Elsfield Way took a wrong turn and demolished one of the walls rather than turn back. The wall was subsequently rebuilt. After escalating public protests and several unofficial attempts the walls were eventually officially demolished.
A small fragment of the Aldrich Road wall existed in a private garden in Wentworth Road until the 1980s. A blue plaque
Blue plaque
A blue plaque is a permanent sign installed in a public place to commemorate a link between that location and a famous person or event, serving as a historical marker....
was erected by the Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Board
Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Board
The Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Board, established in 1999, is administered by the Oxford Civic Society. It oversees the installation of blue plaques on historic buildings in the county of Oxfordshire, England to commemorate famous residents and events...
close to the site of the southern wall in 2006.
Cutteslowe Park
North of the A40A40 road
The A40 is a major trunk road connecting London to Fishguard, Wales and officially called The London to Fishguard Trunk Road in all legal documents and Acts...
Elsfield Way is Cutteslowe Park
Cutteslowe Park, Oxford
Cutteslowe Park is a public park in Cutteslowe in North Oxford, England. It wasestablished in 1935 when Oxford City Council acquired land of the former Cutteslowe Manor farm, whose house still stands at its centre. More land was acquired in 1937...
which was made a public park in the 1930s.