Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken
Encyclopedia
Caroline of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken (Henriette Caroline Christiane Louise; 9 March 1721 – 30 March 1774) was wife of the Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt
and one of the most learned women of her time.
and his wife Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken
.
She married on 12 August 1741 in Zweibrücken
, Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
. The marriage was arranged and unhappy: Caroline was interested in music and literature, while her consort was interested in military matters, and she lived separated from him at Buchsweiler
. She founded a factory to ease the states economy. In 1772, she promoted the politician Karl Friedrich von Moser.
Caroline was better known as The Great Landgräfin, a name given to her by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
. She was befriended to several writers and philosophers of her time, such as Johann Gottfried Herder
, Christoph Martin Wieland
and Goethe. Wieland wished he had the power to make her Queen of Europa. She also had contact with Frederick II of Prussia
, and she was one of the few women that the Alte Fritz respected. He called her once the Glory and Wonder of our century and after her death he sent to Darmstadt an urn with the text femina sexo, ingenio vir (A woman by sex, a man by spirit), which can still be seen today. Through her daughter she is an ancestor to the royal house of Prussia, Germany and the Netherlands.
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Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt
The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt was a member state of the Holy Roman Empire. It was formed in 1567 following the division of the Landgraviate of Hesse between the four sons of Philip I, the last Landgrave of Hesse....
and one of the most learned women of her time.
Biography
Henriette Caroline was the daughter of Christian III, Duke of ZweibrückenChristian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld was Duke of Zweibrücken from 1731–1735. He was the son of Christian II of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld and Katharina Agathe, Countess of Rappoltstein...
and his wife Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken
Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken
Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken was Countess Palatine and by marriage Countess Palatine of Palatinate-Zweibrücken.- Biography :...
.
She married on 12 August 1741 in Zweibrücken
Zweibrücken
Zweibrücken is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Schwarzbach river.- Name :Zweibrücken appears in Latin texts as Geminus Pons and Bipontum, in French texts as Deux-Ponts. The name derives from Middle High German Zweinbrücken...
, Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Louis IX of Hesse-Darmstadt was the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1768 - 1790. He was a son of Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, and Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg and Müntzenberg....
. The marriage was arranged and unhappy: Caroline was interested in music and literature, while her consort was interested in military matters, and she lived separated from him at Buchsweiler
Bouxwiller, Bas-Rhin
Bouxwiller is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.Among the city's sight is the Musée Judéo-Alsacien, dedicated to the History of Jews in Alsace, and located in the former synagogue.-References:*...
. She founded a factory to ease the states economy. In 1772, she promoted the politician Karl Friedrich von Moser.
Caroline was better known as The Great Landgräfin, a name given to her by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a German writer, pictorial artist, biologist, theoretical physicist, and polymath. He is considered the supreme genius of modern German literature. His works span the fields of poetry, drama, prose, philosophy, and science. His Faust has been called the greatest long...
. She was befriended to several writers and philosophers of her time, such as Johann Gottfried Herder
Johann Gottfried Herder
Johann Gottfried von Herder was a German philosopher, theologian, poet, and literary critic. He is associated with the periods of Enlightenment, Sturm und Drang, and Weimar Classicism.-Biography:...
, Christoph Martin Wieland
Christoph Martin Wieland
Christoph Martin Wieland was a German poet and writer.- Biography :He was born at Oberholzheim , which then belonged to the Free Imperial City of Biberach an der Riss in the south-east of the modern-day state of Baden-Württemberg...
and Goethe. Wieland wished he had the power to make her Queen of Europa. She also had contact with Frederick II of Prussia
Frederick II of Prussia
Frederick II was a King in Prussia and a King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty. In his role as a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire, he was also Elector of Brandenburg. He was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel...
, and she was one of the few women that the Alte Fritz respected. He called her once the Glory and Wonder of our century and after her death he sent to Darmstadt an urn with the text femina sexo, ingenio vir (A woman by sex, a man by spirit), which can still be seen today. Through her daughter she is an ancestor to the royal house of Prussia, Germany and the Netherlands.
Issue
| Name | Portrait | Birth | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caroline | 1746 | 1821 | Married Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg Frederick V Louis William Christian , Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg was from 1751 to his death landgrave of Hesse-Homburg... |
|
| Frederika Louisa Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt Frederika of Hesse-Darmstadt was Queen consort of the Kingdom of Prussia as the second wife of Frederick William II of Prussia.-Background:... Queen of Prussia |
16 October 1751 | 25 February 1805 | Married in 1769 Frederick William II of Prussia Frederick William II of Prussia Frederick William II was the King of Prussia, reigning from 1786 until his death. He was in personal union the Prince-Elector of Brandenburg and the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel.-Early life:... , had issue. |
|
| Louis I Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and later the first Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine.... Grand Duke of Hesse |
14 June 1753 | 6 April 1830 | Married in 1799 Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt, had issue | |
| Amalie Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt was the daughter of Ludwig IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Henriette Karoline of Palatine-Zweibrücken.-Marriage and issue:... Hereditary Princess of Baden |
20 June 1754 | 21 June 1832 | Married in 1775 Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden, had issue | |
| Wilhelmina Louisa Natalia Alexeievna of Russia The Grand Duchess Natalia Alexeievna of Russia was the first wife of the future Tsar Paul I of Russia, the only son of the Empress Catherine II... Grand Duchess Natalia Alexeievna of Russia |
 |
25 June 1755 | 15 April 1776 | Married in 1773 the future Emperor Paul I of Russia Paul I of Russia Paul I was the Emperor of Russia between 1796 and 1801. He also was the 72nd Prince and Grand Master of the Order of Malta .-Childhood:... , no surviving issue |
| Louisa Augusta Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach |
 |
30 January 1757 | 14 February 1830 | Married in 1775 Charles Augustus of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, had issue |
| Frederick |
1759 | 1802 | ||
| Christian Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt |
25 November 1763 | 17 April 1830 | Died unmarried |
Ancestry
Literature
- Marita A. Panzer: Die Große Landgräfin Caroline von Hessen-Darmstadt, Verlag Friedrich Pustet Regensburg, 2005
External links
- Karoline Henriette Christine Pfalzgräfin von Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld at thepeerage.com
- Wikisource: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie "Karoline Landgräfin von Hessen-Darmstadt" (in German)
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