Conventional Egyptian chronology
Encyclopedia
The Conventional Egyptian chronology represents the scholarly consensus on the chronology
of the rulers
of ancient Egypt
, taking into account well accepted developments during the 20th century but not including any of the major revision proposals that have also been made in that time.
All dates are in the chronology are BC
.
The dates of Dynasties 21 to 26 are from Kenneth Kitchen
(1973), supplemented by Ian Shaw (2000). There is a 60 year discrepancy between the dates proposed by these two authors. There is no attempt to remove this discrepancy in the combined chronology presented below.
3rd Dynasty
4th Dynasty
5th Dynasty
6th Dynasty
9th
11th Dynasty 2134-2040
(Dates from Baines and Ma'lek)
11th Dynasty
12th Dynasty 1991-1783
(Dates from Baines and Ma'lek cartouches from Budge)
13th Dynasty
21 kings for about 63 years then
Then 6 more kings for about 20 years
14th Dynasty
About 76 minor kings of the Delta, contemporary with the second half of the 13th dynasty. Egyptologist Donald B. Redford has suggested that these were ancestors of the Hyksos dynasty, later misconstrued as belonging to the names of Egyptian kings in Manetho (due to confusion between the Egyptian words for "Hyksos" and "Xois").
Hyksos
16th Dynasty
32 minor kings contemporary with the 15th and 17th dynasties.
Thebes
About 15 kings in all, contemporary with the 15th dynasty, the last three being
Tanite 21st Dynasty
Theban 21st Dynasty
22nd Dynasty
23rd Dynasty
Early Kings of Sais
26th Dynasty
Chronology
Chronology is the science of arranging events in their order of occurrence in time, such as the use of a timeline or sequence of events. It is also "the determination of the actual temporal sequence of past events".Chronology is part of periodization...
of the rulers
Pharaoh
Pharaoh is a title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Egyptian rulers of all periods. The title originates in the term "pr-aa" which means "great house" and describes the royal palace...
of ancient Egypt
History of Egypt
Egyptian history can be roughly divided into the following periods:*Prehistoric Egypt*Ancient Egypt**Early Dynastic Period of Egypt: 31st to 27th centuries BC**Old Kingdom of Egypt: 27th to 22nd centuries BC...
, taking into account well accepted developments during the 20th century but not including any of the major revision proposals that have also been made in that time.
All dates are in the chronology are BC
Anno Domini
and Before Christ are designations used to label or number years used with the Julian and Gregorian calendars....
.
The dates of Dynasties 21 to 26 are from Kenneth Kitchen
Kenneth Kitchen
Kenneth Anderson Kitchen is Personal and Brunner Professor Emeritus of Egyptology and Honorary Research Fellow at the School of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, England...
(1973), supplemented by Ian Shaw (2000). There is a 60 year discrepancy between the dates proposed by these two authors. There is no attempt to remove this discrepancy in the combined chronology presented below.
3rd DynastyThird dynasty of EgyptFor the Sumerian Renaissance, see Third Dynasty of Ur.The Third Dynasty of ancient Egypt is the first dynasty of the Old Kingdom. Other dynasties of the Old Kingdom include the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth...
- ZanakhtSanakhteSanakht, generally identified with the Nebka of much later king lists, was probably either the first or second pharaoh of the Third Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. The dates assigned to his reign by Shaw are ca. 2686-2667 BC; for various conjectures of other scholars, see the...
(Nebka?) 2649-2630 - DjoserDjoserNetjerikhet or Djoser is the best-known pharaoh of the Third dynasty of Egypt. He commissioned his official, Imhotep, to build the first of the pyramids, a step pyramid for him at Saqqara...
(Netjerkhet) 2630-2611 - SekhemkhetSekhemkhetSekhemkhet was a Pharaoh in Egypt during the Third dynasty. According to the Manethonian tradition, a king known as Tyris reigned for a relatively brief period of seven years, and modern scholars believe Djoserty and Sekhemkhet are the same person...
2611-2603 - KhabaKhabaKhaba was a Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt's Old Kingdom and is generally considered to have reigned near the end of the Third Dynasty. He was successor to Sekhemkhet, and he was probably a son of Sekhemkhet...
2603-2599 - HuniHuniHuni was the last Pharaoh of Egypt of the Third dynasty. He was the successor to Khaba.-Family:Huni was the father of Hetepheres I, the wife of Sneferu who was the first king of the Fourth Dynasty...
(Horus Qahedjet?) 2599-2575
4th DynastyFourth dynasty of EgyptThe fourth dynasty of ancient Egypt is characterized as a "golden age" of the Old Kingdom. Dynasty IV lasted from ca. 2613 to 2494 BC...
- SneferuSneferuSneferu, also spelled as Snephru, Snefru or Snofru , was the founder of the Fourth dynasty of Egypt. Estimates of his reign vary, with for instance The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt suggesting a reign from around 2613 BC to 2589 BC, a reign of 24 years, while Rolf Krauss suggests a 30-year reign...
2575-2551 - KhufuKhufuKhufu , also known as Cheops or, in Manetho, Suphis , was a Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt's Old Kingdom. He reigned from around 2589 to 2566 BC. Khufu was the second pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty. He is generally accepted as being the builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of...
(Cheops) 2551-2528 - Kawab
- DjedefreDjedefraDjedefre was an Egyptian pharaoh, the son and immediate successor of Khufu. The mother of Djedefre is unknown. His name means "Enduring like Re." Djedefre was the first king to use the title Son of Ra as part of his royal titulary, which is seen as an indication of the growing popularity of the...
2528-2520 - KhafreKhafraKhafra — also Khafre — was an Egyptian pharaoh of the Fourth dynasty, who had his capital at Memphis. According to some authors he was the son and successor of Khufu, but it is more commonly accepted that Djedefre was Khufu's successor and Khafra was Djedefre's...
(Chephren) 2520-2494 - Bakare (Bikheris in later Greek-language sources)
- MenkaureMenkauraMenkaure was a pharaoh of the Fourth dynasty of Egypt who ordered the construction of the third and smallest of the Pyramids of Giza. His name means "Eternal like the Souls of Re"...
(Mycerinus) 2490-2472 - ShepseskafShepseskafShepseskaf was a son of Menkaure who succeeded his father on the throne. Shepseskaf's name means "His Soul is Noble."- Family :Shepseskaf was a son of Menkaure and grandson of Khafra, but his mother's name is not known. His mother can be either Khamerernebty II or Rekhetre...
2472-2467 - Djedefptah (Thampthis in later Greek-language sources)
5th DynastyFifth dynasty of EgyptThe fifth dynasty of ancient Egypt is often combined with Dynasties III, IV and VI under the group title the Old Kingdom. Dynasty V dates approximately from 2494 to 2345 BC.-Rulers:...
- UserkafUserkafUserkaf was the founder of the Fifth dynasty of Egypt and the first pharaoh to start the tradition of building sun temples at Abusir. His name means "his Ka is powerful". He ruled from 2494-2487 BC and constructed the Pyramid of Userkaf complex at Saqqara.- Family :Userkaf's wife was Queen...
2465-2458 - SahureSahure- Etymology :Sahure's birth name means "He who is Close to Re". His Horus name was Nebkhau.- Biography :Sahure was a son of queen Neferhetepes, as shown in scenes from the causeway of Sahure's pyramid complex in Abusir. His father was Userkaf. Sahure's consort was queen Neferetnebty. Reliefs show...
2458-2446 - Neferirkare KakaiNeferirkare KakaiNeferirkare Kakai was the third Pharaoh of Egypt during the Fifth dynasty. His praenomen, Neferirkare, means "Beautiful is the Soul of Ra". His Horus name was Userkhau, his Golden Horus name Sekhemunebu and his Nebti name Khaiemnebty.- Family :...
2446-2426 - Shepseskare IsiShepseskare IsiShepseskare Isi, also spelt Shepseskare, , was a Pharaoh of Egypt during the Fifth dynasty, who is thought to have reigned from around 2455 to 2448 BC...
2426-2419 - NeferefreNeferefreNeferefre was a Pharaoh of Egypt during the Fifth dynasty. His name means "Beautiful is Re" in Egyptian.-Family:Neferefre was the son of king Neferirkare Kakai by queen Khentkaus II, and the elder brother of pharaoh Nyuserre Ini....
2419-2416 - Nyuserre IniNyuserre IniNyuserre Ini , was a Pharaoh of Egypt during the Fifth dynasty. He is frequently given a reign of 24 or 25 years and is dated from ca. 2445 BC to 2421 BC. His prenomen, Nyuserre, means "Possessed of Re's Power"...
2416-2392 - Menkauhor KaiuMenkauhor KaiuMenkauhor Kaiu , was a Pharaoh of the Fifth dynasty during the Old Kingdom. He was the successor of King Nyuserre Ini and was succeeded by Djedkare Isesi. Menkauhor's royal name or prenomen means "Eternal are the Souls of Horus".-Family:Menkauhor may have been a son of Nyuserre...
2396-2388 - Djedkare IzeziDjedkare IsesiDjedkare Isesi in Greek known as Tancheres from Manetho's Aegyptiaca, was a Pharaoh of Egypt during the Fifth dynasty. He is assigned a reign of twenty-eight years by the Turin Canon although some Egyptologists believe this is an error and should rather be thirty-eight years...
2388-2356 - UnasUnasUnas was a Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt, and the last ruler of the Fifth dynasty from the Old Kingdom. His reign has been dated as falling between 2375 BC and 2345 BC...
(Wenis) 2356-2323
6th DynastySixth dynasty of EgyptThe sixth dynasty of ancient Egypt is often combined with Dynasties III, IV and V under the group title the Old Kingdom.-Pharaohs:...
- TetiTetiTeti, less commonly known as Othoes, was the first Pharaoh of the Sixth dynasty of Egypt and is buried at Saqqara. The exact length of his reign has been destroyed on the Turin King List, but is believed to have been about 12 years.-Biography:...
2323-2291 - UserkareUserkareUserkare was the second king of the Sixth Dynasty. He is generally seen as one of the leaders who opposed his predecessor, Teti's royal line and was most likely an usurper to the throne...
2291-2289 - Pepi I MeryrePepi I MeryrePepi I Meryre was the third king of the Sixth dynasty of Egypt. His first throne name was Neferdjahor which the king later altered to Meryre meaning "beloved of Rê."-Family:...
2289-2255 - Merenre Nemtyemsaf IMerenre Nemtyemsaf IMerenre Nemtyemsaf I was the fourth king of the Sixth dynasty of Egypt. His nomen, theophorically referring to Nemty, was formerly read as Antyemsaf, a reading now known to be incorrect.- Biography :...
2255-2246 - Pepi II NeferkarePepi II NeferkarePepi II was a pharaoh of the Sixth dynasty in Egypt's Old Kingdom. His throne name, Neferkare , means "Beautiful is the Ka of Re". He succeeded to the throne at age six, after the death of Merenre I, and is generally credited with having the longest reign of any monarch in history at 94 years...
2246-2152 - Merenre Nemtyemsaf IIMerenre Nemtyemsaf IIMerenre Nemtyemsaf II was briefly Pharaoh of Egypt, likely succeeding his long-lived father Pepi II Neferkare. The Turin King List says that Merenre reigned for only a year, after succeeding his father Pepi II. His name is also mentioned on a stela that was discovered near the site of the pyramid...
2152- - Neitiqerty SiptahNeitiqerty SiptahThe Ancient Egyptian king, Neitiqerty Siptah is an obscure successor to Merenre Nemtyemsaf II, towards the end of the Sixth dynasty of Egypt. His reign is usually replaced with that of Nitocris, the 'first female pharaoh', who seems not to have actually existed, as although it was claimed that...
/NitiqretiNitocrisNitocris has been claimed to have been the last pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty. Her name is found in the Histories of Herodotus and writings of Manetho but her historicity is questionable. She might have been an interregnum queen...
7th Dynasty 2150-2134
- In the kinglist summaries from the third century BC historian ManethoManethoManetho was an Egyptian historian and priest from Sebennytos who lived during the Ptolemaic era, approximately during the 3rd century BC. Manetho wrote the Aegyptiaca...
, this is a group of 70 kings ruling 70 days: there is no evidence for this - it may be a later literary metaphor for chaos at the end of the Sixth Dynasty, chaos for which there is also no direct contemporary evidence.
8th Dynasty
- NetjerikareNetjerkareNetjerkare may have been a king during the First Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt. His existence is only clearly attested on the Abydos King List, where he occupies the 40th registry, as the successor to Merenre Nemtyemsaf II, skipping over the female king Nitocris...
- MenkareMenkareMenkare may have been a king of the First Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt. He is entirely unattested outside of the Abydos King List.-References:*, Accessed November 9, 2006.*, Accessed November 9, 2006....
- NeferkareNeferkare IINeferkare II may have been a seventh dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. His name is only attested on the Abydos King List, however J...
- Neferkare NebyNeferkare NebyNeferkare Neby may have been a king of the Seventh Dynasty of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. His name is clearly attested on the Abydos King List, and unlike other kings of this period, is attested in two other sources. His mother was apparently Queen Ankhesenpepi II, which...
- Djedkare ShemaiDjedkare ShemaiDjedkare Shemai may have been a seventh dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. His name is only attested on the Abydos King List.-References:*, Accessed November 9, 2006.*, Accessed November 9, 2006....
- Neferkare KhenduNeferkare KhenduNeferkare Khendu may have been a seventh dynasty king of Ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. His name is only attested on the Abydos King List.-References:*, Accessed November 9, 2006.*, Accessed November 9, 2006....
- MerenhorMerenhorMerenhor may have been a Seventh dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. His name is only attested on the Abydos King List.-References:*, Accessed November 9, 2006.*, Accessed November 9, 2006....
- NeferkaminNeferkaminNeferkamin may have been a seventh dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. His throne name Sneferka is attested on the Abydos King List, however he also appears on a tablet in the British Museum with the name "Neferkamin"....
- NikareNikareNikare may have been a seventh dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. His name is only attested on the Abydos King List.-References:*, Accessed November 9, 2006.*, Accessed November 9, 2006....
- Neferkare TereruNeferkare TereruNeferkare Tereru may have been a seventh dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. His name is only attested on the Abydos King List.-References:*, Accessed November 9, 2006.*, Accessed November 9, 2006....
- NeferkahorNeferkahorNeferkahor may have been a seventh dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. His name is only attested on the Abydos King List and on a cylinder seal.-References:*, Accessed November 9, 2006.*, Accessed November 9, 2006....
- Neferkare PepisenebNeferkare PepisenebNeferkare Pepiseneb may have been an eighth dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. His name is attested on the Abydos King List, and he is the first king since ntyiqrt to appear on the Turin Canon of Kings, which gives him the epithet, Shery, or The Younger. It is...
- Neferkamin AnuNeferkamin AnuNeferkamin Anu may have been an eighth dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. His name is attested on the Abydos King List, and also in the Turin Canon of Kings. Neferkamin's reign length is lost in a lacuna in the Turin Canon....
- Qakare IbiQakare IbiQakare Ibi was an ancient Egyptian ruler of the 8th Dynasty. The name Qa-ka-Re means "strong is the soul of Re".His existence was established by the discovery of his small pyramid in South Saqqara which also continues the late Old Kingdom tradition of listing pyramid texts in his tomb. His name is...
- Neferkawre Kha...Neferkaure IINeferkaure II was an eighth dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. His name is attested on the Abydos King List, and also in the Turin Canon of Kings, which attributes him a rule of four years and two months...
- Neferkawhor KhuwihapNeferkauhorNeferkauhor was an eighth dynasty king of Ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. His name is attested on the Abydos King List as the penultimate king of the Old Kingdom, but not on the Turin Canon where his name is lost in a lacuna—although his reign length is preserved here...
- NeferirkareNeferirkare*For the better known Fifth dynasty pharaoh by this name, see Neferirkare KakaiNeferirkare was an Eighth dynasty king of Ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. His name is only clearly attested in the Abydos King List but it is assumed that the reign length figure for the last 8th...
Kings with Unknown Position
- SekhemkareSekhemkareHorus name: Mekhibtaui Nebti name: ItisekhemefThrone name: SekhemkareBirth name: Amenemhat SenebefAmenemhat V Sekhemkare was an Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty. He appears as 'Sekhemkare' in the Turin King List. Contemporary monuments of this king are several Nile level records and a statue found...
- Wadjkare
- Ity
- Iymhotep
- Hotep ...re
- KhuiKHUIKGU-FM is an Christian Talk formatted station based in Honolulu, Hawaii. The Salem Communications outlet broadcasts at 99.5 MHz with an ERP of 100 kW.-History:...
- Isu
- Iytjenu
9thNinth dynasty of EgyptThe ninth dynasty of ancient Egypt is often combined with Dynasties VII, VIII, X and XI under the group title First Intermediate Period...
and 10thTenth dynasty of EgyptThe tenth dynasty of ancient Egypt is often combined with Dynasties VII, VIII, IX and XI under the group title First Intermediate Period...
Dynasties 2135-1986
- Khety I
- NeferkareNeferkareNeferkare is a common name amongst Ancient Egyptian kings in the First Intermediate Period, and can refer to the following* Neferkara I a king of either the Second Dynasty of Egypt or the Seventh dynasty of Egypt...
- Khety II
- Senen...
- Khety III
- Khety IV
- Shed...y
- H...
- Wahkare Khety
- Se...re Khety
- Nebkawre Khety
- Meryibre Khety
- MerykareMerikareMerikare was a pharaoh in the Ninth or Tenth dynasty of Egypt, during the First Intermediate Period in about 2075 BC. His name is not mentioned in the Turin King List; also his dates are uncertain....
11th Dynasty 2134-2040 Eleventh dynasty of EgyptThe eleventh dynasty of ancient Egypt was one group of rulers, whose earlier members are grouped with the four preceding dynasties to form the First Intermediate Period, while the later members are considered part of the Middle Kingdom...
(Dates from Baines and Ma'lek)
- Mentuhotep IMentuhotep IMentuhotep I was a local Egyptian prince at Thebes during the First Intermediate Period. He became the first openly acknowledged ruler of the Eleventh dynasty by assuming the title of first "supreme chief of Upper Egypt" and, later, declaring himself king over all Egypt. He is named as a nomarch in...
2080-2074 - Intef IIntef IIntef I was a local Egyptian ruler at Thebes, and a member of the Eleventh dynasty during the First Intermediate Period. He was the first of his dynasty to assume the title of Pharaoh, with the Horus name of Sehertawy, . Intef I was the son of Mentuhotep I...
(Sehertawy) 2074-2064 (2134-2118) - Intef IIIntef IIIntef II was a Pharaoh of the Eleventh dynasty during the First Intermediate Period. His capital was located at Thebes. At this time, Egypt was split between several local dynasties. After the death of the nomarch Ankhtifi, Intef II was able to unite all the southern nomes down to the First Cataract...
(Wahankh) 2064-2015 (2118-2069) - Intef IIIIntef IIIIntef III was a Pharaohin Egypt of the Eleventh Dynasty during the First Intermediate Period. His Horus name was Nakjtnebtepnefer, which translates to "Horus, the victorious one, Lord of the good beginning". He was buried in a saff-tomb at el-Tarif , and little is known about his deeds...
(Nakhtnebtepnefer) 2015-2007 (2069-2061) - Montuhotep II 2007-1986 (2061-2010)
11th DynastyEleventh dynasty of EgyptThe eleventh dynasty of ancient Egypt was one group of rulers, whose earlier members are grouped with the four preceding dynasties to form the First Intermediate Period, while the later members are considered part of the Middle Kingdom...
(continued)
- In Dynasty 11 from Thebes the Antefs first appear.
- Control of Egypt shifts from the Delta to Thebes and Red Sea connections to Nub.
- Montuhotep II (Nebhepetre) 2007-1986 (Ruled Upper Egypt.)
- Montuhotep II (Nebhepetre) 1986-1956 (United Upper and Lower Egypt.)
- Montuhotep III (Sankhkare) 1956-1944
- Montuhotep IV (Nebtawyre) 1944-1937
12th Dynasty 1991-1783Twelfth dynasty of EgyptThe twelfth dynasty of ancient Egypt is often combined with Dynasties XI, XIII and XIV under the group title Middle Kingdom.-Rulers:Known rulers of the twelfth dynasty are as follows :...
(Dates from Baines and Ma'lek cartouches from Budge)- Amenemhat IAmenemhat IAmenemhat I, also Amenemhet I, was the first ruler of the Twelfth Dynasty . He ruled from 1991 BC to 1962 BC...
(Sehetepibre) 1937-1908 (1991-1962) - Senuseret ISenusret ISenusret I was the second pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt. He ruled from 1971 BC to 1926 BC, and was one of the most powerful kings of this Dynasty. He was the son of Amenemhat I and his wife Nefertitanen. His wife and sister was Neferu. She was also the mother of the successor Amenemhat II...
(Kheperkare) 1917-1872 (1971-1926) - Amenemhat IIAmenemhat IINubkhaure Amenemhat II was the third pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. Not much is known about his reign. He ruled Egypt for 35 years from 1929 BC to 1895 BC and was the son of Senusret I through the latter's chief wife, Queen Nefru. His queen is not known; although recently a...
(Nubkaure) 1875-1840 (1929-1892) - Senuseret IISenusret IIKhakeperre Senusret II was the fourth pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt. He ruled from 1897 BC to 1878 BC. His pyramid was constructed at El-Lahun...
(Khakheperre) 1842-1836 (1897-1878) - Senuseret IIISenusret IIIKhakhaure Senusret III was a pharaoh of Egypt. He ruled from 1878 BC to 1839 BC, and was the fifth monarch of the Twelfth Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom. Among his achievements was the building of the Sisostris Canal...
(Khakaure) 1836-1817 (1878-1841) - Amenemhat IIIAmenemhat IIIAmenemhat III, also spelled Amenemhet III was a pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt. He ruled from c.1860 BC to c.1814 BC, the latest known date being found in a papyrus dated to Regnal Year 46, I Akhet 22 of his rule. He is regarded as the greatest monarch of the Middle Kingdom...
(Nimaartre) 1817-1772 (1844-1797) - Amenemhat IVAmenemhat IVAmenemhat IV, or Amenemhet IV was Pharaoh of Egypt, likely ruling between ca. 1815 BC and ca. 1806 BC. He served first as the junior coregent of Amenemhat III and completed the latter's temple at Medinet Maadi, which is "the only intact temple still existing from the Middle Kingdom" according to...
(Maakherure) 1772-1763 (1799-1783) - Neferusobek (Sobekkare) 1763-1759 (1787-1783)
13th DynastyThirteenth dynasty of EgyptThe thirteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt is often combined with Dynasties XI, XII and XIV under the group title Middle Kingdom. Other writers separate it from these dynasties and join it to Dynasties XIV through XVII as part of the Second Intermediate Period...
21 kings for about 63 years then
- NeferhotepNeferhotep INeferhotep I was an Egyptian king of the Thirteenth Dynasty and one of the most powerful rulers of this dynasty. The Turin Canon assigned him a reign length of 11 years....
1696-1685 - Sihathor 1685-1685
- Sobekhotep IVSobekhotep IVKhaneferre Sobekhotep IV was one of the most powerful Egyptian kings of the 13th Dynasty. He was the son of the 'god's father' Haankhef and of the 'king's mother' Kemi. His brother, Neferhotep I, was his predecessor on the throne....
1685-1678 - Sobekhotep VSobekhotep VSobekhotep V was an Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty. His birth name was Sobekhotep, and his throne name was MerhotepreSobekhotep V appears in the Turin King List as the successor of Sobekhotep IV. According to this document, he only reigned for four years. Sobekhotep IV was perhaps his father, as...
1678-1674 - Iaib 1674-1664
- Merneferre AiMerneferre AiMerneferre Ay was an Ancient Egyptian ruler of the Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt. He assumed the throne around 1700 BC...
1664-1641
Then 6 more kings for about 20 years
14th DynastyFourteenth dynasty of EgyptThe Eleventh , Twelfth, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Middle Kingdom, though this dynasty overlaps partially with either the Thirteenth Dynasty or the Fifteenth Dynasty, during the Second Intermediate Period.It is associated with the...
About 76 minor kings of the Delta, contemporary with the second half of the 13th dynasty. Egyptologist Donald B. Redford has suggested that these were ancestors of the Hyksos dynasty, later misconstrued as belonging to the names of Egyptian kings in Manetho (due to confusion between the Egyptian words for "Hyksos" and "Xois").HyksosHyksosThe Hyksos were an Asiatic people who took over the eastern Nile Delta during the twelfth dynasty, initiating the Second Intermediate Period of ancient Egypt....
15th DynastyFifteenth dynasty of EgyptThe Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Second Intermediate Period. The Fifteenth Dynasty dates approximately from 1650 to 1550 BC.-Rulers:...
1633-1525
- SalitisSalitisSalitis was the first king of the Hyksos Fifteenth dynasty of Egypt, who began to rule Egypt around 1648 BC. The precise dates of his rule are unknown. Northern Egypt was controlled by Hyksos rulers throughout the Dynasty. The Hyksos were people of Semitic origin who were thought to have invaded...
- Bnon
- ApachnanKhyanSeuserenre Khyan, Khian or Khayan was reportedly the fourth king of the Hyksos Fifteenth dynasty of Egypt who ruled approximately c.1610-1580 BC The Danish Egyptologist, Kim Ryholt, who published an extensive catalogue of the monuments of all the numerous pharaohs of the Second Intermediate Period...
(Khyan) - Iannas (Ianassi son of Khyan)
- ApophisApepi IApepi or Apophis was a ruler of Lower Egypt during the fifteenth dynasty and the end of the Second Intermediate Period that was dominated by this foreign dynasty of rulers called the Hyksos...
(Auserre Apepi) - Assis
16th DynastySixteenth dynasty of EgyptThe sixteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt was a dynasty of pharaohs that ruled in Upper Egypt for 50 years during the Second Intermediate Period The sixteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XVI) was a dynasty of pharaohs that ruled in Upper Egypt for 50 years during the Second Intermediate...
32 minor kings contemporary with the 15th and 17th dynasties.ThebesThebes, EgyptThebes is the Greek name for a city in Ancient Egypt located about 800 km south of the Mediterranean, on the east bank of the river Nile within the modern city of Luxor. The Theban Necropolis is situated nearby on the west bank of the Nile.-History:...
17th Dynasty 1606-1539Seventeenth dynasty of EgyptThe Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Second Intermediate Period. The Seventeenth Dynasty dates approximately from 1580 to 1550 BC.-Rulers:...
About 15 kings in all, contemporary with the 15th dynasty, the last three being
- Tao ITao I the ElderSenakhtenre Tao I was a Pharaoh of Egypt of the Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt based in Upper Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. He was born c.1605 BC and died c.1560 or 1558 BC at the latest. His prenomen Senakhtenre means "Perpetuated like Re."...
(Senakhtenre) - Tao IITao II the BraveSeqenenre Tao II, , called The Brave, ruled over the last of the local kingdoms of the Theban region of Egypt in the Seventeenth Dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period. He probably was the son and successor to Senaktenre Tao I the Elder and Queen Tetisheri...
(Seqenenre) - KamoseKamoseKamose was the last king of the Theban Seventeenth Dynasty. He was probably the son of Seqenenre Tao II and Ahhotep I and the full brother of Ahmose I, founder of the Eighteenth Dynasty. His reign fell at the very end of the Second Intermediate Period...
(Wadjkheperre)
Tanite 21st DynastyTwenty-first dynasty of EgyptThe Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Third Intermediate Period.-Rulers:...
- Smendes I (Hedjkheperre-setepenre) 1069-1043
- AmenemnisuAmenemnisuNeferkare Amenemnisu was a pharaoh during the 21st Dynasty of ancient Egypt.Amenemnisu's existence was only confirmed in 1940 when the tomb of his successor Psusennes I was discovered by Pierre Montet. A gold bow cap inscribed with both Amenemnisu's royal name, Neferkare, and that of his successor...
(Neferkare-hekawaset) 1043-1039 - Psusennes IPsusennes IPsusennes I, or Greek Ψουσέννης], Pasibkhanu or Hor-Pasebakhaenniut I Egyptian ḥor-p3-sib3-ḫˁỉ--niwt] was the third king of the Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt who ruled from Tanis between 1047 – 1001 BC...
(Akheperre-setepenamun) 1039-991 - Amenemope (Usermaatre-setepenamun) 993-984
- Osorkon the ElderOsorkon the ElderAkheperre Setepenre Osorkon the Elder was the fifth king of the twenty-first dynasty of Egypt and was the first pharaoh of Libyan extraction in Egypt...
(Akheperre-setepenre) 984-978 - SiamunSiamunNeterkheperre or Netjerkheperre-setepenamun Siamun was the sixth pharaoh of Egypt during the Twenty-first dynasty. He built extensively in Lower Egypt for a king of the Third Intermediate Period and is regarded as one of the most powerful rulers of this Dynasty after Psusennes I...
(Netjerkheperre-setepenre) 978-959 - Har-Psusennes IIPsusennes IITitkheperure or Tyetkheperre Psusennes II Greek Ψουσέννης] or Hor-Pasebakhaenniut II Egyptian ḥr-p3-sb3-ḫˁỉ--nỉwt], was the last king of the Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt. His royal name means "Image of the transformation of Re" in Egyptian. Psusennes II is often considered the same person as...
(Tjekheperre-setepenre) 959-945
Theban 21st DynastyTwenty-first dynasty of EgyptThe Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Third Intermediate Period.-Rulers:...
- HerihorHerihorHerihor was an Egyptian army officer and High Priest of Amun at Thebes during the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses XI although Karl Jansen Winkeln has argued that Piankh preceded Herihor as High Priest at Thebes and that Herihor outlived Ramesses XI before being succeeded in this office by Pinedjem I,...
1080-1074 - PiankhPiankhWhile the High Priest of Amun Piankh has been assumed to be a son-in-law of Herihor and his heir to the Theban throne of the High Priest of Amun, recent studies by Karl Jansen-Winkeln of the surviving temple inscriptions and monumental works by Herihor and Piankh in Upper Egypt imply that Piankh...
1074-1070 - Pinedjem IPinedjem IPinedjem I was the High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Ancient Egypt from 1070 BC to 1032 BC and the de facto ruler of the south of the country from 1054 BC. He was the son of the High Priest Piankh. However, many Egyptologists today believe that the succession in the Amun priesthood actually ran from...
1070-1032 - MasahartaMasahertaMasaharta or Masaherta was the High Priest of Amun at Thebes between 1054 BC and 1045 BC.His father was Pinedjem I, who was the Theban High Priest of Amun and de facto ruler of Upper Egypt from 1070 BC, then declared himself pharaoh in 1054 BC and Masaharta succeeded him as high priest...
1054-1046 - DjedkonsefankhDjedkhonsuefankhDjedkhonsuefankh was a High Priest of Amun in Thebes from 1046-1045 BC. He was the second son of Pinedjem I. He succeeded his brother Masaherta during a time of great turmoil in the city of Thebes. Von Beckerath has suggested that it is possible that he died a violent death, accounting for his very...
1046-1045 - MenkheperreMenkheperreMenkheperre, son of Pharaoh Pinedjem I by wife Henuttawy , was the High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Ancient Egypt from 1045 BC to 992 BC and de facto ruler of the south of the country....
1045-992 - Smendes IISmendes IINesbanebdjed II, or in Hellenized form, Smendes II, was a High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Ancient Egypt. He governed from about 992 BC to 990 BC....
992-990 - Pinedjem IIPinedjem IIPinedjem II was a High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Ancient Egypt from 990 BC to 969 BC and was the de facto ruler of the south of the country. He was married to his sister Isetemkheb D and also to his niece Nesikhons, the daughter of his brother Smendes II...
990-969 - Psusennes IIIPsusennes IIIPsusennes III was the High Priest of Amun at Thebes at the end of the 21st Dynasty. Little is known of this individual; he is thought by some to be the same person as Psusennes II. His name appears on a document found at the 'mummy cache' DB320 which describes him as a son of the High Priest...
969-945
22nd DynastyTwenty-second dynasty of EgyptThe Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Third Intermediate Period.-Rulers:...
- Shoshenq IShoshenq IHedjkheperre Setepenre Shoshenq I , , also known as Sheshonk or Sheshonq I , was a Meshwesh Berber king of Egypt—of Libyan ancestry—and the founder of the Twenty-second Dynasty...
(Hedjkheperre-setepenre) 945-924 - Osorkon IOsorkon IThe son of Shoshenq I and his chief consort, Karomat A, Osorkon I was the second king of Egypt's 22nd Dynasty and ruled around 922 BC – 887 BC. He succeeded his father Shoshenq I who probably died within a year of his successful 923 BC campaign against the kingdoms of Israel and Judah...
(Sekhemkheperre-setepenre) 924-889 - Shoshenq IIShoshenq IIHeqakheperre Shoshenq II was an Egyptian king of the 22nd dynasty of Egypt. He was the only ruler of this Dynasty whose tomb was not plundered by tomb robbers. His final resting place was discovered within Psusennes I's tomb at Tanis by Pierre Montet in 1939. Montet removed the coffin lid of...
(Heqakheperre-setepenre) 889-887 - Takelot ITakelot IHedjkheperre Setepenre Takelot I was a son of Osorkon I and Queen Tashedkhons who ruled Egypt for 13 Years according to Manetho. Takelot would marry Queen Kapes who bore him Osorkon II...
(Hedjkheperre-setepenre) 887-873 - Osorkon IIOsorkon IIUsermaatre Setepenamun Osorkon II was a pharaoh of the Twenty-second Dynasty of Ancient Egypt and the son of Takelot I and Queen Kapes. He ruled Egypt around 872 BC to 837 BC from Tanis, the capital of this Dynasty. After succeeding his father, he was faced with the competing rule of his cousin,...
(Usermaatre-setepenamun) 873-838 - HarsieseHarsiese AKing Hedjkheperre Setepenamun Harsiese or Harsiese A, is viewed by the Egyptologist Kenneth Kitchen in his Third Intermediate Period in Egypt, to be both a "High Priest of Amun" and the son of the High Priest of Amun Shoshenq C. The archaeological evidence does suggest that he was indeed Shoshenq...
(Hedjkheperre-setepenamun) 860-850 - Shoshenq IIIShoshenq IIIKing Usermaatre Setepenre or Usimare Setepenamun Shoshenq III ruled Egypt's 22nd Dynasty for 39 years according to contemporary historical records. Two Apis Bulls were buried in the fourth and 28th years of his reign and he celebrated his Heb Sed Jubilee in his regnal year 30...
(Usermaatre-setepenre/amun) 838-799 - Shoshenq IVShoshenq IVHedjkheperre Setepenre Shoshenq IV ruled Egypt's 22nd Dynasty between the reigns of Shoshenq III and Pami. This Pharaoh's existence was first argued by David Rohl but the British Egyptologist Aidan Dodson settled the issue in a seminal GM 137 article. Dodson's arguments here for the existence of a...
(Hedjkheperre-setepenre) 799-786 - PamiPamiUsermaatre Setepenre Pami was an Egyptian Pharaoh who ruled Egypt for 7 years. He was a member of the Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt of Meshwesh Libyans who had been living in the country since the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt when their ancestors infiltrated into the Egyptian Delta from Libya...
(Usermaatre-setepenre/amun) 786-779 - Shoshenq VShoshenq VShoshenq V was the final king of the Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt of Meshwesh Libyans which controlled Lower Egypt. He was the son of Pami according to a Year 11 Serapeum stela from his reign. His prenomen or throne name, Akheperre, means "Great is the Soul of Re."The burial of two Apis Bulls is...
(Akheperre) 779-740 - Osorkon IVOsorkon IVOsorkon IV was a ruler of Lower Egypt who, while not always listed as a member of the Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt, he is attested as the ruler of Tanis--and thereby one of Shoshenq V's successors. Therefore he is sometimes listed as part of the dynasty, whether for convenience or in fact.His...
(Akheperre-setepenamun) 740-720
23rd DynastyTwenty-third dynasty of EgyptThe Twenty-third Dynasty of ancient Egypt was a separate regime of Meshwesh Libyan kings, who ruled ancient Egypt. This dynasty is often considered part of the Third Intermediate Period.-Rulers:...
- Pedubast (Usermaatre-setepenamun) 818-793
- Iuput IIuput IIuput I was a Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt, who was a co-regent with his father, Pedubast I, near the beginning of the 23rd dynasty. The exact dates of his reign are unknown. It started possibly around 815 BC, or alternatively in the final couple of years of his father's reign; one authority provides...
804-803 - Shoshenq VIShoshenq VIShoshenq VI is known to be Pedubast I's immediate successor at Thebes based upon the career of the Letter Writer to Pharaoh Hor IX, who served under Osorkon II and Pedubast I...
(Usermaatre-meryamun) 793-787 - Osorkon IIIOsorkon IIIUsermaatre Setepenamun Osorkon III Si-Ese was Pharaoh of Egypt in the 8th Century BC. He is the same person as the Crown Prince and High Priest of Amun Osorkon B, son of Takelot II by his Great Royal Wife Karomama II. Prince Osorkon B is best attested by his Chronicle—which consists of a series of...
(Usermaatre-setepenamun) 787-759 - Takelot IIITakelot IIIUsimare Setepenamun Takelot III Si-Ese was Osorkon III's eldest son and successor. Takelot III ruled the first five years of his reign in a coregency with his father and served previously as the High Priest of Amun at Thebes. He was previously thought to have ruled Egypt for only 7 years until his...
(Usermaatre-setepenamun) 764-757 - RudamunRudamunRudamun was the final pharaoh of the Twenty-third dynasty of Ancient Egypt. His titulary simply reads as Usermaatre Setepenamun, Rudamun Meryamun, and excludes the Si-Ese or Netjer-Heqawaset epithets employed by his father and brother....
(Usermaatre-setepenamun) 757-754 - Iuput IIIuput IIIuput II was a ruler of Leontopolis in the Egyptian Delta region of Lower Egypt who existed during the late Third Intermediate Period. He was an ally of Tefnakht of Sais who resisted the invasion of Lower Egypt by the Kushite king Piye...
(Usermaatre-setepenamun) 754-720 - Shoshenq VII (Wasneterre-setepenre) 720-715
Early Kings of SaisTwenty-sixth dynasty of EgyptThe Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt was the last native dynasty to rule Egypt before the Persian conquest in 525 BC . The Dynasty's reign The Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt (also written Dynasty XXVI or Dynasty 26) was the last native dynasty to rule Egypt before the Persian conquest in 525 BC...
- Ameris 715-695
- Tefnakht I 695-688
- NekaubaNekaubaAlmost nothing is known of Nekauba or Nechepsos as he is also called except that he is listed as one of the early kings of the 26th Saite Dynasty in Manetho's Epitome and is assigned a reign of six years...
688-672 - Necho INecho INecho I was the prince or governor of the Egyptian city of Sais. He was the first attested local Saite king of the twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt who reigned for 8 years, according to Manetho's Epitome. Egypt was reunified by his son, Psamtik I...
(Menkheperre) 672 - 664
26th DynastyTwenty-sixth dynasty of EgyptThe Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt was the last native dynasty to rule Egypt before the Persian conquest in 525 BC . The Dynasty's reign The Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt (also written Dynasty XXVI or Dynasty 26) was the last native dynasty to rule Egypt before the Persian conquest in 525 BC...
- Psammetichus IPsammetichus IPsamtik I , was the first of three kings of that name of the Saite, or Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt. His prenomen, Wah-Ib-Re, means "Constant [is the] Heart [of] Re." The story in Herodotus of the Dodecarchy and the rise of Psamtik is fanciful...
(Wahibre) 664 - 610 - Necho IINecho IINecho II was a king of the Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt .Necho II is most likely the pharaoh mentioned in several books of the Bible . The Book of Kings states that Necho met King Josiah of the Kingdom of Judah at Megiddo and killed him...
(Wehemibre) 610 - 595 - Psammetichus IIPsammetichus IIPsamtik II was a king of the Saite based Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt...
(Neferibre) 59559 BCYear 59 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caesar and Bibulus...
- 589 - ApriesApriesApries is the name by which Herodotus and Diodorus designate Wahibre Haaibre, Ουαφρης , a pharaoh of Egypt , the fourth king of the Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt. He was equated with the Waphres of Manetho, who correctly records that he reigned for 19 years...
(Haaibre) 589 - 570 - Amasis IIAmasis IIAmasis II or Ahmose II was a pharaoh of the Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt, the successor of Apries at Sais. He was the last great ruler of Egypt before the Persian conquest.-Life:...
(Khnemibre) 570 - 526 - Psammetichus IIIPsammetichus IIIPsamtik III was the last Pharaoh of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt from 526 BC to 525 BC. Most of what is known about his reign and life was documented by the Greek historian Herodotus in the 5th century...
(Ankhkaenre) 526 - 525