Como Bluff
Encyclopedia
Como Bluff is a long ridge extending east-west, located between the towns of Rock River
and Medicine Bow
, Wyoming
. The ridge is an anticline
, formed as a result of compressional geological folding. Three geological formations, the Sundance
, the Morrison
, and the Cloverly
Formations, containing fossil
remains from the Late Jurassic of the Mesozoic Era are exposed. Nineteenth century paleontologists discovered many well-preserved specimens of dinosaurs, as well as mammals, turtles, crocodilians, and fish from the Morrison Formation. Because of this, Como Bluff is considered to be one of the major sites for the early discovery of dinosaur
remains. Among the species discovered is the only known specimen of Coelurus
. Significant discoveries were made in 22 different areas scattered along the entire length of the ridge. It is included on the National Register of Historic Places
as well as the National Natural Landmark
list.
and McIntosh, and Jaffe. Most of the specimens were collected by men working for O.C. Marsh between 1877-1889, although some were collected by the Hubbel brothers for E.D. Cope between 1879-1880. The American Museum of Natural History excavated in 1897http://paleo.amnh.org/reports/1897.html-1898http://paleo.amnh.org/reports/1898.html, finding two partial skeletons of sauropods. A summary of the quarries and their contents is given below.
In later years, the American Museum of Natural History
and Yale University
jointly reopened Quarry 9, the Mammal Quarry, 1968-1970, finding only a few specimens. More recently, Robert Bakker has done some collecting there with a variety of groups.
.
.
(h)= holotype
Rock River, Wyoming
Rock River is a town in Albany County, Wyoming, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the town population was 235.-Geography:Rock River is located at ....
and Medicine Bow
Medicine Bow, Wyoming
Medicine Bow is a town in Carbon County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 304 at the 2010 census.-Geography:Medicine Bow is located at ....
, Wyoming
Wyoming
Wyoming is a state in the mountain region of the Western United States. The western two thirds of the state is covered mostly with the mountain ranges and rangelands in the foothills of the Eastern Rocky Mountains, while the eastern third of the state is high elevation prairie known as the High...
. The ridge is an anticline
Anticline
In structural geology, an anticline is a fold that is convex up and has its oldest beds at its core. The term is not to be confused with antiform, which is a purely descriptive term for any fold that is convex up. Therefore if age relationships In structural geology, an anticline is a fold that is...
, formed as a result of compressional geological folding. Three geological formations, the Sundance
Sundance Formation
The Sundance Formation is a western North American sequence of Upper Jurassic age marine shales, sandy shales, and sandstones.The Sundance Formation underlies the western North American Morrison Formation, the most fertile source of dinosaur fossils in the Americas, and is separated by a...
, the Morrison
Morrison Formation
The Morrison Formation is a distinctive sequence of Late Jurassic sedimentary rock that is found in the western United States, which has been the most fertile source of dinosaur fossils in North America. It is composed of mudstone, sandstone, siltstone and limestone and is light grey, greenish...
, and the Cloverly
Cloverly Formation
The Cloverly Formation are Lower Cretaceous strata located in Montana and Wyoming, in the western United States. The term now includes strata that had formerly been called the Dakota Formation in central and southern Wyoming.-Members:...
Formations, containing fossil
Fossil
Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals , plants, and other organisms from the remote past...
remains from the Late Jurassic of the Mesozoic Era are exposed. Nineteenth century paleontologists discovered many well-preserved specimens of dinosaurs, as well as mammals, turtles, crocodilians, and fish from the Morrison Formation. Because of this, Como Bluff is considered to be one of the major sites for the early discovery of dinosaur
Dinosaur
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of animals of the clade and superorder Dinosauria. They were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates for over 160 million years, from the late Triassic period until the end of the Cretaceous , when the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event led to the extinction of...
remains. Among the species discovered is the only known specimen of Coelurus
Coelurus
Coelurus is a genus of coelurosaur dinosaur from the Late Jurassic period . The name means "hollow tail", referring to its hollow tail vertebrae...
. Significant discoveries were made in 22 different areas scattered along the entire length of the ridge. It is included on the National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation...
as well as the National Natural Landmark
National Natural Landmark
The National Natural Landmark program recognizes and encourages the conservation of outstanding examples of the natural history of the United States. It is the only natural areas program of national scope that identifies and recognizes the best examples of biological and geological features in...
list.
History of discovery
The discovery of dinosaurs at Como Bluff has been recounted numerous times, most notably by Schuchert and LeVene, Shur, OstromJohn Ostrom
John H. Ostrom was an American paleontologist who revolutionized modern understanding of dinosaurs in the 1960s, when he demonstrated that dinosaurs are more like big non-flying birds than they are like lizards , an idea first proposed by Thomas Henry Huxley in the 1860s, but which had garnered...
and McIntosh, and Jaffe. Most of the specimens were collected by men working for O.C. Marsh between 1877-1889, although some were collected by the Hubbel brothers for E.D. Cope between 1879-1880. The American Museum of Natural History excavated in 1897http://paleo.amnh.org/reports/1897.html-1898http://paleo.amnh.org/reports/1898.html, finding two partial skeletons of sauropods. A summary of the quarries and their contents is given below.
In later years, the American Museum of Natural History
American Museum of Natural History
The American Museum of Natural History , located on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City, United States, is one of the largest and most celebrated museums in the world...
and Yale University
Yale University
Yale University is a private, Ivy League university located in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701 in the Colony of Connecticut, the university is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States...
jointly reopened Quarry 9, the Mammal Quarry, 1968-1970, finding only a few specimens. More recently, Robert Bakker has done some collecting there with a variety of groups.
Como Bluff historical quarries (pre-1900)
Data source:..
.
(h)= holotype
Holotype
A holotype is a single physical example of an organism, known to have been used when the species was formally described. It is either the single such physical example or one of several such, but explicitly designated as the holotype...
AMNH Quarry 1 Dinosaur Dinosaur Dinosaurs are a diverse group of animals of the clade and superorder Dinosauria. They were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates for over 160 million years, from the late Triassic period until the end of the Cretaceous , when the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event led to the extinction of... ia
AMNH Quarry 2 Dinosauria
AMNH localities unknown (some could be from Quarry 1 or 2) Reptilia
[Fredrick] Brown’s Quarry A Dinosauria
Brown’s Quarry B Dinosauria
Brown’s Quarry C Dinosauria
Brown’s Quarry D Dinosauria
Brown’s Quarry G Dinosauria
[Authur] Lakes Quarry 1A (Big Canyon Quarry) Dinosauria
[E.D.] Cope's Quarry 3 Dinosauria
Cope's Quarry 4 Dinosauria
Cope's Quarry 5 Reptilia
Dinosauria
Cope's localities unknown (could be from Quarry 1, 2) Reptilia
Dinosauria
Mammalia
[Harlow] Reed’s Quarry 1 Dinosauria
Mammalia
Reed’s Quarry 1 ½ Dinosauria
Reed’s Quarry 2 Dinosauria
Reed’s Quarry 3 Dinosauria
Reed’s Quarry 4 Dinosauria
Reed’s Quarry 5 Reptilia
Dinosauria
Reed’s Quarry 6 Reptilia
Reed’s Quarry 7 Dinosauria (Three Trees Quarry)
Reed’s Quarry 8 Reptilia
Dinosauria
|
Reed’s Quarry 9 (Mammal Quarry) Osteichthyes Osteichthyes Osteichthyes , also called bony fish, are a taxonomic group of fish that have bony, as opposed to cartilaginous, skeletons. The vast majority of fish are osteichthyes, which is an extremely diverse and abundant group consisting of over 29,000 species...
Amphibia
Reptilia
Dinosauria
Mammalia
Reed’s Quarry 10 Dinosauria
Reed’s Quarry 11 Dinosauria
Mammalia
Reed’s Quarry 12 (Robbers' Roost Quarry) Reptilia
Dinosauria
Reed’s Quarry 13 Reptilia
Dinosauria
Reed Quarry 14 Dinosauria
|
External links
- Como Bluff at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office