Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya)
Encyclopedia
Communist Party of Nepal, also referred to as Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) was a communist party
in Nepal
. It emerged out of a split in the original Communist Party of Nepal
in 1962. The Communist Party of Nepal had been ravaged by internal conflicts, due to the Sino-Soviet split
and differences of how to relate to political changes in the country.
In April 1962 the radical sector of the Communist Party of Nepal convened a 3rd party convention in Varanasi
, India
. But the preparation of the congress had been full of controversy. The congress approved the programme of National Democratic Revolution proposed by Tulsi Lal Amatya, and elected Tulsi Lal as general secretary. In an attempt to maintain the unity of the party, Pushpa Lal Shrestha
and Tulsi Lal were to share central leadership responsibilities. Keshar Jung Rayamjhi, the leader of the pro-Soviet
faction of CPN was expelled. However, the Rayamajhi-led section did not recognize the convention. Rayamjhi's followers contiuned to function as a separate party, also using the name Communist Party of Nepal
.
However, between Amatya and Pushpa Lal there were political differences. Amatya favoured the idea of 'National Democracy' whereas Pushpa Lal advocated the line of 'People's Democracy'. From 1963 onwards, the two worked separately. In 1968 the section of Pushpa Lal organized a separate convention in Gorakhpur
, India. This led to the founding of a separate party, with Pushpa Lal as general secretary. The majority of the party leadership followed Pushpa Lal in joining his splinter-group. This party became known as Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)
.
In 1971 a group of CPN leaders (Manmohan Adhikari, Shambhu Ram and Mohan Bikram Singh
) were released from jail. They formed the Central Nucleus, which tried to unify with Pushpa Lal's group. That unity proved impossible and the Central Nucleus gave way to new parties. Adhikari formed his own CPN, Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan)
. This party developed close relations to the Communist Party of India (Marxist)
(CPI(M)). Singh's group became known as Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention).
The Amatya-led Communist Party was reduced to become one of many clandestine communist factions in Nepal, and it was radily outgrown by several of its splinter-groups. The party was generally identified as part of the pro-Soviet Union stream within the Nepalese communist movement, although it maintained some independence towards Moscow
.
In 1989 the party took part in the formation of the United Left Front, to struggle against the autocratic regime. Following the overthrow of the regime and the democratic opening, the party contested the 1991 parliamentary election
. The party put up 14 candidates, who together mustered 4846 votes. None of the candidates of the party were elected.
Soon after the 1991 general election the party had merged itself with two other groups to form the Communist Party of Nepal (United)
. However, that unity turned short-lived. Tulsi Lal Amatya broke away from CPN(United) and reconstituted his own party. In 1994 CPN(Amatya) joined the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)
.
Communist party
A political party described as a Communist party includes those that advocate the application of the social principles of communism through a communist form of government...
in Nepal
Nepal
Nepal , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India...
. It emerged out of a split in the original Communist Party of Nepal
Communist Party of Nepal
The Communist Party of Nepal was founded in Calcutta, India, on April 29, 1949. CPN was formed to struggle against the autocratic Rana regime, feudalism and imperialism. The founding general secretary was Pushpa Lal Shrestha....
in 1962. The Communist Party of Nepal had been ravaged by internal conflicts, due to the Sino-Soviet split
Sino-Soviet split
In political science, the term Sino–Soviet split denotes the worsening of political and ideologic relations between the People's Republic of China and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during the Cold War...
and differences of how to relate to political changes in the country.
In April 1962 the radical sector of the Communist Party of Nepal convened a 3rd party convention in Varanasi
Varanasi
-Etymology:The name Varanasi has its origin possibly from the names of the two rivers Varuna and Assi, for the old city lies in the north shores of the Ganga bounded by its two tributaries, the Varuna and the Asi, with the Ganges being to its south...
, India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
. But the preparation of the congress had been full of controversy. The congress approved the programme of National Democratic Revolution proposed by Tulsi Lal Amatya, and elected Tulsi Lal as general secretary. In an attempt to maintain the unity of the party, Pushpa Lal Shrestha
Pushpa Lal Shrestha
Pushpa Lal Shrestha was the founding general secretary of the Communist Party of Nepal as well as the leader of the Communist Party of Nepal ....
and Tulsi Lal were to share central leadership responsibilities. Keshar Jung Rayamjhi, the leader of the pro-Soviet
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
faction of CPN was expelled. However, the Rayamajhi-led section did not recognize the convention. Rayamjhi's followers contiuned to function as a separate party, also using the name Communist Party of Nepal
Communist Party of Nepal (Rayamjhi)
Communist Party of Nepal was a small communist party in Nepal. The group was formed by Keshar Jung Rayamajhi after he was expelled from the pro-Soviet Communist Party of Nepal in September 1983, due to his pro-monarchic actions. Rayamjhi's new party held a 'Special Congress' in March 1984. The...
.
However, between Amatya and Pushpa Lal there were political differences. Amatya favoured the idea of 'National Democracy' whereas Pushpa Lal advocated the line of 'People's Democracy'. From 1963 onwards, the two worked separately. In 1968 the section of Pushpa Lal organized a separate convention in Gorakhpur
Gorakhpur
Gorakhpur is a city in the eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh in India, near the border with Nepal. It is the administrative headquarters of Gorakhpur District and Gorakhpur Division. Gorakhpur is one of the proposed capitals of the Purvanchal state which is yet to be formed...
, India. This led to the founding of a separate party, with Pushpa Lal as general secretary. The majority of the party leadership followed Pushpa Lal in joining his splinter-group. This party became known as Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)
Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)
Communist Party of Nepal , a communist splinter group led by Pushpa Lal Shestra. The party emerged in 1968, as Pushpa Lal organized a separate party congress in Gorakhpur, India...
.
In 1971 a group of CPN leaders (Manmohan Adhikari, Shambhu Ram and Mohan Bikram Singh
Mohan Bikram Singh
Mohan Bikram Singh , often referred to as MBS, party name Gharti, is a Nepalese politician. His father was a wealthy landlord in Pyuthan District who was close to King Tribhuvan. MBS however joined the opposition Nepali Congress, and took part in the 1950–1951 uprising for democracy.MBS...
) were released from jail. They formed the Central Nucleus, which tried to unify with Pushpa Lal's group. That unity proved impossible and the Central Nucleus gave way to new parties. Adhikari formed his own CPN, Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan)
Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan)
Communist Party of Nepal was a communist party in Nepal, led by Man Mohan Adhikari.Man Mohan, an erstwhile leader of the radical faction of the Communist Party of Nepal, had taken part in organising the 'Central Nucleus'...
. This party developed close relations to the Communist Party of India (Marxist)
Communist Party of India (Marxist)
The Communist Party of India is a political party in India. It has a strong presence in the states of Kerala, West Bengal and Tripura. As of 2011, CPI is leading the state government in Tripura. It leads the Left Front coalition of leftist parties in various states and the national parliament of...
(CPI(M)). Singh's group became known as Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention).
The Amatya-led Communist Party was reduced to become one of many clandestine communist factions in Nepal, and it was radily outgrown by several of its splinter-groups. The party was generally identified as part of the pro-Soviet Union stream within the Nepalese communist movement, although it maintained some independence towards Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
.
In 1989 the party took part in the formation of the United Left Front, to struggle against the autocratic regime. Following the overthrow of the regime and the democratic opening, the party contested the 1991 parliamentary election
Nepalese legislative elections, 1991
Elections to the Pratinidhi Sabha were held on May 12, 1991. These were the first multiparty elections following the uprising against monarchic autocracy in 1990.Electoral participation was 61.7%....
. The party put up 14 candidates, who together mustered 4846 votes. None of the candidates of the party were elected.
Soon after the 1991 general election the party had merged itself with two other groups to form the Communist Party of Nepal (United)
Communist Party of Nepal (United)
Communist Party of Nepal was a political party in Nepal. In 1991, after the first general election, through the merger of Communist Party of Nepal , Communist Party of Nepal and Communist Party of Nepal...
. However, that unity turned short-lived. Tulsi Lal Amatya broke away from CPN(United) and reconstituted his own party. In 1994 CPN(Amatya) joined the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)
The Communist Party of Nepal , also known as CPN-UML, CPN, is one of the largest communist parties in Nepal. It was created on January 6, 1991 through the unification of the Communist Party of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal...
.