Collegium Musicum
Encyclopedia
The Collegium Musicum was one of several types of musical societies that arose in German
and German-Swiss
cities and towns during the Reformation
and thrived into the mid-18th century. Generally, while societies such as the Kantorei cultivated vocal music for church performance and the convivium musicum discussed musical philosophy
over a banquet
, the collegia musica performed both vocal and instrumental music for pleasure; they focused on instrumental music as it rose in stature during the Baroque era
. Though closed amateur societies in concept, collegia frequently included professionals to fill out the music and admitted non-members to performances. Moreover, they often provided music for church, state, and academic occasions and gained the patronage of leading citizens. From the 1660s, their functions largely constituted the beginnings of public concert life in Germany.
Leipzig
collegia musica, consisting mostly of university
students, enjoyed a succession of particularly illustrious directors, including Johann Kuhnau
(1688
), Telemann (1702
), and Bach
(1729
–1737
), who composed several concertos and dramme per musica
for weekly performances at Zimmerman's coffeehouse
and for "extraordinary" concerts. Telemann went on to promote professional concerts by Frankfurt
and Hamburg
collegia in the late 1720s, thus fostering the emergence of public subscription concerts in Germany. With the Moravia
n emigration, American collegia sprang up beginning in 1744
in Pennsylvania
, Maryland
, Ohio
, and the Carolina
s.
In 1909, Hugo Riemann
refounded the Leipzig collegium within the University, initiating a widespread modern trend in German and American universities to foster the performance of early music
on original instruments or replicas. The term collegium musicum has thus come to be associated in large measure with university ensembles that perform early music, though from a historical perspective, the term need not imply any restriction in repertory.
Historical ensembles by that name include:
Modern ensembles by that name include:
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
and German-Swiss
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
cities and towns during the Reformation
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...
and thrived into the mid-18th century. Generally, while societies such as the Kantorei cultivated vocal music for church performance and the convivium musicum discussed musical philosophy
Philosophy
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational...
over a banquet
Banquet
A banquet is a large meal or feast, complete with main courses and desserts. It usually serves a purpose such as a charitable gathering, a ceremony, or a celebration, and is often preceded or followed by speeches in honour of someone....
, the collegia musica performed both vocal and instrumental music for pleasure; they focused on instrumental music as it rose in stature during the Baroque era
Baroque music
Baroque music describes a style of Western Classical music approximately extending from 1600 to 1760. This era follows the Renaissance and was followed in turn by the Classical era...
. Though closed amateur societies in concept, collegia frequently included professionals to fill out the music and admitted non-members to performances. Moreover, they often provided music for church, state, and academic occasions and gained the patronage of leading citizens. From the 1660s, their functions largely constituted the beginnings of public concert life in Germany.
Leipzig
Leipzig
Leipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing...
collegia musica, consisting mostly of university
University
A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university is an organisation that provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education...
students, enjoyed a succession of particularly illustrious directors, including Johann Kuhnau
Johann Kuhnau
Johann Kuhnau was a German composer, organist and harpsichordist.-Biography :Kuhnau was born in Geising, Saxony. He grew up in a religious Lutheran family. At age nine, he auditioned successfully for the Kreuzschule in Dresden...
(1688
1688 in music
-Classical music:*John Blow – Ode for New Year's Day*André Raison – Premier livre d'orgue*Giuseppe Torelli – 12 Concertino per camera for Violin and Cello, op...
), Telemann (1702
1702 in music
- Events :*Johann Sebastian Bach leaves Lüneburg.*Georg Philipp Telemann becomes director of Leipzig opera, and founds Leipzig Collegium Musicum.*17-year-old George Frideric Handel succeeds his teacher Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow as organist at Halle....
), and Bach
Bạch
Bạch is a Vietnamese surname. The name is transliterated as Bai in Chinese and Baek, in Korean.Bach is the anglicized variation of the surname Bạch.-Notable people with the surname Bạch:* Bạch Liêu...
(1729
1729 in music
- Events :*George Frideric Handel becomes co-manager of the King's Theatre, London.*Pietro Locatelli settles in Amsterdam, where he will spend the rest of his life....
–1737
1737 in music
- Events :*April - George Frideric Handel suffers a probable stroke, resulting in the temporary paralysis of his right arm.* William Boyce conducts the Three Choirs Festival-Opera:*Domenico Alberti - Endimione*Giovanni Bononcini - Zenobia...
), who composed several concertos and dramme per musica
Dramma per musica
Dramma per musica is a term which was used by dramatists in Italy and elsewhere between the late-17th and mid-19th centuries...
for weekly performances at Zimmerman's coffeehouse
Coffeehouse
A coffeehouse or coffee shop is an establishment which primarily serves prepared coffee or other hot beverages. It shares some of the characteristics of a bar, and some of the characteristics of a restaurant, but it is different from a cafeteria. As the name suggests, coffeehouses focus on...
and for "extraordinary" concerts. Telemann went on to promote professional concerts by Frankfurt
Frankfurt
Frankfurt am Main , commonly known simply as Frankfurt, is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2010 population of 688,249. The urban area had an estimated population of 2,300,000 in 2010...
and Hamburg
Hamburg
-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
collegia in the late 1720s, thus fostering the emergence of public subscription concerts in Germany. With the Moravia
Moravia
Moravia is a historical region in Central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, and one of the former Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Silesia. It takes its name from the Morava River which rises in the northwest of the region...
n emigration, American collegia sprang up beginning in 1744
1744 in music
- Events :*March 27 Johann Sebastian Bach revives his St Mark Passion with some textual changes and two new arias inserted at St. Thomas Church, Leipzig.*Castrato Giovanni Carestini goes to work for Maria Theresa of Austria.- Classical music :...
in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a U.S. state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to...
, Maryland
Maryland
Maryland is a U.S. state located in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east...
, Ohio
Ohio
Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,it is the 7th‑most populous with over 11.5 million residents, containing several major American cities and seven metropolitan areas with populations of 500,000 or more.The state's capital is Columbus...
, and the Carolina
The Carolinas
The Carolinas is a term used in the United States to refer collectively to the states of North and South Carolina. Together, the two states + have a population of 13,942,126. "Carolina" would be the fifth most populous state behind California, Texas, New York, and Florida...
s.
In 1909, Hugo Riemann
Hugo Riemann
Karl Wilhelm Julius Hugo Riemann was a German music theorist.-Biography:Riemann was born at Grossmehlra, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen. He was educated in theory by Frankenberger, studied the piano with Barthel and Ratzenberger, studied law, and finally philosophy and history at Berlin and Tübingen...
refounded the Leipzig collegium within the University, initiating a widespread modern trend in German and American universities to foster the performance of early music
Early music
Early music is generally understood as comprising all music from the earliest times up to the Renaissance. However, today this term has come to include "any music for which a historically appropriate style of performance must be reconstructed on the basis of surviving scores, treatises,...
on original instruments or replicas. The term collegium musicum has thus come to be associated in large measure with university ensembles that perform early music, though from a historical perspective, the term need not imply any restriction in repertory.
Historical ensembles by that name include:
- Collegium Musicum (Leipzig) - a musical ensembleMusical ensembleA musical ensemble is a group of people who perform instrumental or vocal music. In classical music, trios or quartets either blend the sounds of musical instrument families or group together instruments from the same instrument family, such as string ensembles or wind ensembles...
founded in LeipzigLeipzigLeipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing...
in 1702 by Georg Philipp TelemannGeorg Philipp TelemannGeorg Philipp Telemann was a German Baroque composer and multi-instrumentalist. Almost completely self-taught in music, he became a composer against his family's wishes. After studying in Magdeburg, Zellerfeld, and Hildesheim, Telemann entered the University of Leipzig to study law, but eventually...
, later associated with Johann Sebastian BachJohann Sebastian BachJohann Sebastian Bach was a German composer, organist, harpsichordist, violist, and violinist whose sacred and secular works for choir, orchestra, and solo instruments drew together the strands of the Baroque period and brought it to its ultimate maturity...
. - Collegium Musicum (Hamburg) - a musical ensemble founded in HamburgHamburg-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
in the 17th century by Matthias WeckmannMatthias WeckmannMatthias Weckmann was a German musician and composer of the Baroque period. He was born in Niederdorla and died in Hamburg.- Life :...
.
Modern ensembles by that name include:
- Cambridge University Collegium Musicum
- The Collegium Musicum of University of Heidelberg
- The Collegium Musicum of Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg
- The Collegium Musicum of London
- The Collegium Musicum of the Eastman School of Music, University of Rochester
- The Harvard-Radcliffe Collegium MusicumHarvard-Radcliffe Collegium MusicumThe Harvard-Radcliffe Collegium Musicum is a mixed chorus at Harvard University, composed of roughly 60 voices, drawing from both the undergraduate and graduate student populations...
- The Collegium Musicum of Columbia University
- The Collegium Musicum of the University of Arizona
- The Collegium Musicum of the University of Notre Dame
- Collegium Musicum 90Collegium Musicum 90Collegium Musicum 90 is an English baroque orchestra playing on period instruments. It was founded by violinist Simon Standage and conductor Richard Hickox in 1990 and was jointly directed by them until the death of Hickox in November 2008.Collegium Musicum means something like musical guild and...
- an English baroque orchestraBaroque orchestraThe Baroque orchestra is the type of orchestra that existed during the Baroque period, commonly identified as 1600-1750. Its origins were in France where Jean-Baptiste Lully added the newly re-designed hautboy and transverse flutes to his vingt-quatre violons du Roy... - Collegium Musicum Basle, Switzerland
- Collegium Musicum Den HaagCollegium Musicum Den HaagCollegium Musicum Den Haag is a baroque orchestra composed of musicians who trained at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague in The Netherlands. The orchestra was founded in 2006 by Brazilian/Italian harpsichordist Claudio Ribeiro....
, The Netherlands - Rutgers Collegium Musicum
- Collegium Musicum OberlinienseOberlin CollegeOberlin College is a private liberal arts college in Oberlin, Ohio, noteworthy for having been the first American institution of higher learning to regularly admit female and black students. Connected to the college is the Oberlin Conservatory of Music, the oldest continuously operating...
- The Collegium Musicum of Reed CollegeReed CollegeReed College is a private, independent, liberal arts college located in southeast Portland, Oregon. Founded in 1908, Reed is a residential college with a campus located in Portland's Eastmoreland neighborhood, featuring architecture based on the Tudor-Gothic style, and a forested canyon wilderness...
- Collegium Musicum of St. Olaf CollegeSt. Olaf CollegeSt. Olaf College is a coeducational, residential, four-year, private liberal arts college in Northfield, Minnesota, United States. It was founded in 1874 by a group of Norwegian-American immigrant pastors and farmers, led by Pastor Bernt Julius Muus. The college is named after Olaf II of Norway,...
- Collegium Musicum of Rowan UniversityRowan UniversityRowan University is a public university in Glassboro, New Jersey, USA with a satellite campus in Camden, New Jersey. The school was founded in 1923 as Glassboro Normal School on a twenty-five acre tract of land donated by the town...
- The Renaissance Collegium Musicum, part of the University of Texas at AustinUniversity of Texas at AustinThe University of Texas at Austin is a state research university located in Austin, Texas, USA, and is the flagship institution of the The University of Texas System. Founded in 1883, its campus is located approximately from the Texas State Capitol in Austin...
- Collegium MusicumCollegium Musicum (Marián Varga)Collegium Musicum is a Slovak art rock band formed by Marián Varga in Czechoslovakia in late 1969.-Discography:* 1970 Collegium Musicum* 1970 EP Hommage à J.S.Bach/Ulica plná plášťov do dažďa* 1971 Konvergencie* 1973 Live...
, a SlovakSlovaksThe Slovaks, Slovak people, or Slovakians are a West Slavic people that primarily inhabit Slovakia and speak the Slovak language, which is closely related to the Czech language.Most Slovaks today live within the borders of the independent Slovakia...
art rockArt rockArt rock is a subgenre of rock music that originated in the United Kingdom in the 1960s, with influences from art, avant-garde, and classical music. The first usage of the term, according to Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, was in 1968. Influenced by the work of The Beatles, most notably their Sgt...
band formed by Marián VargaMarián VargaMarián Varga is a Slovak musician, composer and organ player.-Biography:He has played piano since the age of six. He studied piano and composition at the conservatory in Bratislava. He left the conservatory after three years to become a member of the group Prúdy, and contributed to the legendary...
External links
- Collegium Musicum of London
- Harvard-Radcliffe Collegium Musicum
- Collegium Musicum of Columbia University
- Collegium Musicum of the University of Notre Dame
- Collegium Musicum of Leiden, the Netherlands
- Collegium Musicum Den Haag, The Netherlands
- Collegium Musicum Basel, Switzerland
- Rutgers Collegium Musicum
- Collegium Musicum of Saint Olaf College