City of London Police
Encyclopedia
The City of London Police is the territorial police force
Territorial police force
The phrase Territorial Police Force varies in precise meaning according to the country to which it is related, generally distinguishing a force whose area of responsibility is defined by sub-national boundaries from others which deal with the entire country or a restricted range of...

 responsible for law enforcement
Law enforcement agency
In North American English, a law enforcement agency is a government agency responsible for the enforcement of the laws.Outside North America, such organizations are called police services. In North America, some of these services are called police while others have other names In North American...

 within the City of London
City of London
The City of London is a small area within Greater London, England. It is the historic core of London around which the modern conurbation grew and has held city status since time immemorial. The City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, and it is now only a tiny part of...

, England, including the Middle
Middle Temple
The Honourable Society of the Middle Temple, commonly known as Middle Temple, is one of the four Inns of Court exclusively entitled to call their members to the English Bar as barristers; the others being the Inner Temple, Gray's Inn and Lincoln's Inn...

 and Inner Temple
Inner Temple
The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple, commonly known as Inner Temple, is one of the four Inns of Court in London. To be called to the Bar and practise as a barrister in England and Wales, an individual must belong to one of these Inns...

. The service responsible for law enforcement within the rest of Greater London
Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London, including Middle Temple and Inner Temple, and the 32 London boroughs. This territory is coterminate with the London Government Office Region and the London...

 is the Metropolitan Police Service
Metropolitan Police Service
The Metropolitan Police Service is the territorial police force responsible for Greater London, excluding the "square mile" of the City of London which is the responsibility of the City of London Police...

, a separate organisation. The City of London, which is now primarily a financial centre with a small resident population but a large commuting workforce, is the historic core of London, and has an administrative history distinct from that of the rest of the metropolis, of which its separate police force is one manifestation.

Nationally, as a result of the Fraud Review 2008 the force was recognised as the lead police force for fraud and granted funding from government to further develop its capabilities nationally and internationally. The police authority
Police authority
A police authority in the United Kingdom, is a body charged with securing efficient and effective policing of a police area served by a territorial police force or the area and/or activity policed by a special police force...

 is the Common Council
Corporation of London
The City of London Corporation is the municipal governing body of the City of London. It exercises control only over the City , and not over Greater London...

 of the City, and unlike other territorial forces in England there will not be an elected commissioner replacing that police authority by way of the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011.

With around 1,200 employees, including 813 police officer
Police officer
A police officer is a warranted employee of a police force...

s, 85 Special Constables, 48 PCSOs
Police community support officer
A police community support officer , or community support officer is a uniformed non-warranted officer employed by a territorial police force or the British Transport Police in England and Wales. Police community support officers were introduced in September 2002 by the Police Reform Act 2002...

 and three police station
Police station
A police station or station house is a building which serves to accommodate police officers and other members of staff. These buildings often contain offices and accommodation for personnel and vehicles, along with locker rooms, temporary holding cells and interview/interrogation rooms.- Facilities...

s (located in Snow Hill, Wood Street
Wood Street, London
Wood Street is a street in the City of London, England. The street crosses Gresham Street as it runs north-south. It today lies in the wards of Bassishaw and Cheap ....

 and Bishopsgate
Bishopsgate
Bishopsgate is a road and ward in the northeast part of the City of London, extending north from Gracechurch Street to Norton Folgate. It is named after one of the original seven gates in London Wall...

), the City of London Police is the smallest territorial police force in England and Wales
England and Wales
England and Wales is a jurisdiction within the United Kingdom. It consists of England and Wales, two of the four countries of the United Kingdom...

, both in terms of geographic area - the square mile centre of London - and the number of police officers. The Commissioner since December 2010 is Adrian Leppard, formerly Deputy Chief Constable of Kent Police.

The City of London area has a resident population of 8,043 with 4,421 households. These numbers are increased by the daily influx of approximately 300,000 commuters working in the City, with an additional 300,000 cars passing through the square mile a day, along with thousands of tourists.

History of policing in the City

Policing in the City of London has existed since Roman times
Roman Britain
Roman Britain was the part of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire from AD 43 until ca. AD 410.The Romans referred to the imperial province as Britannia, which eventually comprised all of the island of Great Britain south of the fluid frontier with Caledonia...

. Wood Street
Wood Street, London
Wood Street is a street in the City of London, England. The street crosses Gresham Street as it runs north-south. It today lies in the wards of Bassishaw and Cheap ....

 Police Station
Police Station
Police Station is a American TV series that aired in syndication in 1959. Stories were taken from actual files.- Cast :*Baynes Barron as Sergeant White*Larry Kerr as Detective Chuck Mitchell*Henry Beckman as Detective Stan Abramson...

, the current headquarters
Headquarters
Headquarters denotes the location where most, if not all, of the important functions of an organization are coordinated. In the United States, the corporate headquarters represents the entity at the center or the top of a corporation taking full responsibility managing all business activities...

 of the City Police, is built on part of the site of a Roman fortress, which may have housed some of the first police in the City.

Prior to 1839, the responsibility for policing in the City was divided between day and night, primarily under the two Sheriffs. It was these officers responsible for ensuring the Night Watch was maintained. Policing during the day eventually came under the City Patrol, which evolved into the City Day Police, which was modelled on the Metropolitan Police
Metropolitan Police Service
The Metropolitan Police Service is the territorial police force responsible for Greater London, excluding the "square mile" of the City of London which is the responsibility of the City of London Police...

. In 1838, the Day Police and Night Watch were merged into a single organisation. The passing of the City of London Police Act 1839 gave statutory approval to the force as an independent police body, heading off attempts made to merge it with the Metropolitan Police.

During 1842, the City Police moved its headquarters from Corporation's Guildhall to 26 Old Jewry, where it remained until it was relocated to Wood Street in 2002.

Organisation

The City Police is organised into five Basic Command Unit
Basic Command Unit
A Basic Command Unit is the largest unit into which territorial British Police forces are divided. This may actually be called a BCU or may have another designation, such as Division or Area. There are 228 BCUs in England and Wales.Most forces are divided into at least three BCUs and some have...

s:
  • Economic Crime Directorate
  • Counter Terrorism and Serious Crime Directorate
  • Specialist Support Directorate
  • Territorial Policing Directorate
  • Corporate Services Directorate


Because of the City's role as a world financial centre
Economy of London
London is a major financial centre for international business and commerce and is one of three "command centres" for the global economy ....

, the City of London Police has developed a great deal of expertise in dealing with fraud and "is the acknowledged lead force within the UK for economic crime investigation." The Economic Crime Directorate includes the Fraud Squad, the Cheque and Credit Card Unit, the Money Laundering Investigation Unit, the Dedicated Cheque and Plastic Crime Unit, the Fraud Intelligence Development Team and the Overseas Corruption Unit.

Leadership structure

  • Commissioner
    Police commissioner
    Commissioner is a senior rank used in many police forces and may be rendered Police Commissioner or Commissioner of Police. In some organizations, the commissioner is a political appointee, and may or may not actually be a professional police officer. In these circumstances, there is often a...

     Adrian Leppard
  • Assistant Commissioner
    Assistant Commissioner
    Assistant commissioner is a rank used in many police forces across the globe. It is also a rank used in revenue administrations in many countries.-Australia:...

     Frank Armstrong
  • Commander Ian Dyson

  • Detective Chief Superintendent
    Chief Superintendent
    Chief superintendent is a senior rank in police forces organised on the British model.- United Kingdom :In the British police, a chief superintendent is senior to a superintendent and junior to an assistant chief constable .The highest rank below Chief Officer level, chief...

     Steve Head - Responsible for Economic Crime Directorate
  • Chief Superintendent Alex Robertson - Responsible for Specialist Support Directorate
  • Chief Superintendent Ken Stewart - Responsible for Counter Terrorism and Serious Crime Directorate
  • Chief Superintendent Rob Bastable - Responsible for Territorial Police Directorate

Uniform

Where the majority of British police forces have white metal
White metal
The white metals are any of several light-colored alloys used as a base for plated silverware, ornaments or novelties, as well as any of several lead-base or tin-base alloys used for things like bearings, jewellery, miniature figures, fusible plugs, some medals and metal type.Some of the metals...

 badges and buttons, those of the City Police are brass
Brass
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties.In comparison, bronze is principally an alloy of copper and tin...

. The force also have a unique red and white chequered sleeve and cap bands (red and white being the colours of the City of London), which in most other British police forces are black and white. Women officers wear a red and white cravat
Cravat
The cravat is a neckband, the forerunner of the modern tailored necktie and bow tie, originating from 17th-century Croatia.From the end of the 16th century, the term band applied to any long-strip neckcloth that was not a ruff...

.

Their helmet
Custodian helmet
Custodian helmet or centurion helmet, technically known as a 'Home Office pattern helmet', is a helmet worn by many policemen in England and Wales.-History:...

 has altered little since its introduction in 1865 and has a crest instead of the white metal boss worn on the Metropolitan Police
Metropolitan police
Metropolitan Police is a generic title for the municipal police force for a major metropolitan area, and it may be part of the official title of the force...

 helmet. The "helmet plate" or badge is the City of London
City of London
The City of London is a small area within Greater London, England. It is the historic core of London around which the modern conurbation grew and has held city status since time immemorial. The City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, and it is now only a tiny part of...

 coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...

; this is unique for a UK police force in that it does not include the Royal Crown, neither does it have the Brunswick Star
Brunswick star
The Brunswick star is an emblem which in outline is an eight-pointed or sixteen-pointed star, but which is composed of many narrow rays. It is used in Britain to surround the Royal Cypher on various badges, such as that worn on the caps and helmets of almost all police forces...

, which is used on most other police helmets in England and Wales.

On State and ceremonial occasions the Commissioner and his deputy wear a special full-dress uniform and hat (pictured below); other than on these occasions, they wear standard uniform.

Warrant card

The City of London warrant card badge is the city shield enameled in red and white. The City motto "Domine Dirige Nos" (Lord Guide Us) in gold on a black scroll above the words "City of London Police". Two griffins surround the shield. The warrant number is printed below and the word "police" is written beneath that in braille (courtesy of former blind Home Secretary David Blunkett).

Ranks

The ranks from constable to chief superintendent are the same as all other British police forces. The three senior ranks are similar to those used by the Metropolitan Police.
  • Police Community Support Officer (PCSO) (collar number
    Collar number
    A collar number, also known as a shoulder number, Force Identification Number or occasionally as Force Number , identifies uniformed officers, Police Community Support Officers , and some police staff in UK police forces. Although now displayed on epaulettes A collar number, also known as a...

     under wording PCSO
    PCSO
    PCSO is an acronym that may refer to:In law enforcement:*Police Community Support Officer, a Police staff role in England and Wales*Police Custody and Security Officer, a Police staff role in ScotlandIn government:...

     and the City of London Police logo is above the PCSO
    PCSO
    PCSO is an acronym that may refer to:In law enforcement:*Police Community Support Officer, a Police staff role in England and Wales*Police Custody and Security Officer, a Police staff role in ScotlandIn government:...

     wording.
  • Police Constable (PC) (collar number
    Collar number
    A collar number, also known as a shoulder number, Force Identification Number or occasionally as Force Number , identifies uniformed officers, Police Community Support Officers , and some police staff in UK police forces. Although now displayed on epaulettes A collar number, also known as a...

    )
  • Police Sergeant (Sgt or PS) (three point-down chevrons under collar number
    Collar number
    A collar number, also known as a shoulder number, Force Identification Number or occasionally as Force Number , identifies uniformed officers, Police Community Support Officers , and some police staff in UK police forces. Although now displayed on epaulettes A collar number, also known as a...

    )
  • Inspector (Insp) (two stars of the Order of the Bath
    Order of the Bath
    The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. The name derives from the elaborate mediæval ceremony for creating a knight, which involved bathing as one of its elements. The knights so created were known as Knights of the Bath...

    , informally known as pips)
  • Chief Inspector (Ch Insp) (three pips)
  • Superintendent (Supt) (crown)
  • Chief Superintendent
    Chief Superintendent
    Chief superintendent is a senior rank in police forces organised on the British model.- United Kingdom :In the British police, a chief superintendent is senior to a superintendent and junior to an assistant chief constable .The highest rank below Chief Officer level, chief...

     (Ch Supt) (crown over one pip)
  • Commander (Cmdr) (crossed tipstaves
    Tipstaff
    The Tipstaff is an officer of a court or, in some countries, a law clerk to a judge. The duties of the position vary from country to country.-History:...

     in a laurel wreath)
  • Assistant Commissioner
    Assistant Commissioner
    Assistant commissioner is a rank used in many police forces across the globe. It is also a rank used in revenue administrations in many countries.-Australia:...

     (AC) (crown over Commander's badge)
  • Commissioner
    Police commissioner
    Commissioner is a senior rank used in many police forces and may be rendered Police Commissioner or Commissioner of Police. In some organizations, the commissioner is a political appointee, and may or may not actually be a professional police officer. In these circumstances, there is often a...

     (crown above one pip above Commander's badge)

Commissioners

  • Daniel Whittle Harvey
    Daniel Whittle Harvey
    Daniel Whittle Harvey was a Radical English politician who founded The Sunday Times newspaper and was the first Commissioner of the City of London Police....

     (1839–1863)
  • Colonel Sir James Fraser, KCB (1863–1890)
  • Sir Henry Smith, KCB
    Henry Smith
    Henry Smith may refer to:*Henry Smith , English Puritan preacher*Henry Smith , English politician and jurist*Henry Smith , Governor of Rhode Island...

     (1890–1902)
  • Sir William Nott-Bower, KCVO (1902–1925)
  • Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Hugh Turnbull, KCVO, KBE, KPM (1925–1950)
  • Colonel Sir Arthur Young, KBE, CMG, CVO, KPM
    Arthur Young (policeman)
    Colonel Sir Arthur Edwin Young, KBE, CMG, CVO, KPM was a British police officer. He was Commissioner of Police of the City of London from 1950 to 1971 and was also the first head of the Royal Ulster Constabulary to be styled Chief Constable. Young was instrumental in the creation of the post of...

     (1950–1971)
  • Charles James Page, CBE, QPM (1971–1977)
  • Peter Marshall, QPM (1977–1985)
  • Owen Kelly, QPM (1985–1994)
  • William Taylor, CBE, QPM (1994–1998).
  • Perry Nove, CBE, QPM (1998–2002)
  • James Hart, CBE, QPM (2002–2006)
  • Michael Bowron, QPM (2007– 2011)
  • Adrian Leppard (Dec 2010–)

Special constabulary

The City Specials are led by a Commandant. Below him are Special Superintendents who head Basic Command Unit
Basic Command Unit
A Basic Command Unit is the largest unit into which territorial British Police forces are divided. This may actually be called a BCU or may have another designation, such as Division or Area. There are 228 BCUs in England and Wales.Most forces are divided into at least three BCUs and some have...

s composed of other Special Constables.

The City of London Special Constabulary were awarded the Ferrers Trophy in 2006 for the efforts of their officers after July 7, 2005's terrorist attacks
7 July 2005 London bombings
The 7 July 2005 London bombings were a series of co-ordinated suicide attacks in the United Kingdom, targeting civilians using London's public transport system during the morning rush hour....

. The award is given annually to police volunteers, for exceptional dedication and innovation. It was the first time in the award's history that an entire Special Constabulary received the trophy.

The current Special Commandant (Chief Officer) is Ian Miller MBE who was the first Special to ever be given permission by the Home Office to serve with two police forces simultaneously. This was possible because he lived in Scotland but worked in London Monday to Friday.

Promotion within the Special Constabulary is not dependent upon rising through the ranks. Ian Miller became Commandant of the COLP Special Constabulary after only a few months as a Special Constable in the City (albeit with over 20 years service in Scotland), without holding any of the intermediate ranks.. Similarly former Acting Chief Inspector Barrie Stewart of the City of London Police retired from the Regulars and then returned as a Special Inspector.

Due to an unprecedented intake of Special Constables from 2006, the City of London reintroduced the rank of Special Inspector (formerly Assistant Divisional Officer). All 3 existing Divisional Officers then became Special Superintendents. The rank of Special Chief Inspector was also reintroduced but as of January 2011 no-one holds this rank.

Officers killed in the line of duty

The Police Memorial Trust
Police Memorial Trust
The Police Memorial Trust is a charitable organisation founded in 1984 and based in London. The trust's objective is to erect memorials to British police officers killed in the line of duty, at or near the spot where they died, thereby acting as a permanent reminder to the public of the sacrifice...

 lists and commemorates all British police officers killed in the line of duty, and since its establishment in 1984 has erected over 38 memorials to some of those officers.

Since 1900 the following officers of the City of London Police were killed while attempting to prevent or stop a crime in progress:
  • Sgt Robert Bentley, PC Walter Choat and Sgt Charles Tucker, 1910 (all fatally shot prior to the Siege of Sidney Street
    Siege of Sidney Street
    The Siege of Sidney Street, popularly known as the "Battle of Stepney", was a notorious gunfight in London's East End on the 2nd of January 1911. Preceded by the Houndsditch Murders, it ended with the deaths of two members of a supposedly politically-motivated gang of burglars supposedly led by...

    ).
  • Cmdr Hugh Moore
    Hugh Moore (police officer)
    Commander Hugh John Moore, QPM, was a police officer in the City of London Police who died from heart failure on 4 December 1993, eleven days after a violent struggle with a man who he had attempted to arrest.-Career:...

     QPM, 1993 (suffered heart failure following a violent arrest).

Olympics

Teams of the City of London Police participated in the Olympic games three times in the tug of war
Tug of war
Tug of war, also known as tug o' war, tug war, rope war or rope pulling, is a sport that directly pits two teams against each other in a test of strength. The term may also be used as a metaphor to describe a demonstration of brute strength by two opposing groups, such as a rivalry between two...

 tournament. At the 1908 Summer Olympics
1908 Summer Olympics
The 1908 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the IV Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was held in 1908 in London, England, United Kingdom. These games were originally scheduled to be held in Rome. At the time they were the fifth modern Olympic games...

 they won the gold medal, beating a team of the Liverpool
Liverpool
Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880...

 Police in the final. In 1912
1912 Summer Olympics
The 1912 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the V Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event held in Stockholm, Sweden, between 5 May and 27 July 1912. Twenty-eight nations and 2,407 competitors, including 48 women, competed in 102 events in 14 sports...

 the team was beaten in the final by one of the Stockholm
Stockholm
Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area...

 Police. At the 1920 Summer Olympics
1920 Summer Olympics
The 1920 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the VII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event in 1920 in Antwerp, Belgium....

 the team regained its title, beating the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...

. This was the last time tug of war was an Olympic sport, which means the City of London Police is still the reigning Olympic champion.

See also

  • City of London market constabularies
    City of London market constabularies
    The City of London market constabularies are three small constabularies responsible for security at Billingsgate, New Spitalfields and Smithfield markets run by the City of London Corporation.-See also:*Liverpool Markets Police*Birmingham Market Police...

  • Project Griffin
    Project Griffin
    Project Griffin was originally introduced by the City of London Police and Metropolitan Police in April, 2004 to help "London's financial sector better protect itself against terrorist threats"...

  • The Honourable Artillery Company
    Honourable Artillery Company
    The Honourable Artillery Company was incorporated by Royal Charter in 1537 by King Henry VIII. Today it is a Registered Charity whose purpose is to attend to the “better defence of the realm"...

  • List of police forces in the United Kingdom
  • Law enforcement in the United Kingdom
  • Fraud Squad
    Fraud Squad
    A Fraud Squad is a police department which investigates fraud and other economic crimes. The largest Fraud Squad in the United Kingdom is run by the City of London Police who are responsible for policing London's and the UK's main financial hub....

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