City of London (UK Parliament constituency)
Encyclopedia
The City of London was a United Kingdom
Parliamentary
constituency. It was a constituency
of the House of Commons
of the Parliament of England
then of the Parliament of Great Britain
from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
from 1801 to 1950.
, which is the historic core of the modern Greater London
.
The southern boundary of the City is the north bank of the River Thames
. The City of Westminster
is situated to the west. The districts of Holborn
and Finsbury
are to the north, Shoreditch
to the north-east and Whitechapel
to the east.
London is first known to have been enfranchised and represented in Parliament in 1298. Because it was the most important city in England it received four seats in Parliament instead of the normal two for a constituency. Previous to 1298 the area would have been represented as part of the county constituency of Middlesex
. The City formed part of the geographic county, even though from early times it was not administered as part of Middlesex.
The City was represented by four MPs until 1885 and two thereafter until 1950.
The City of London was originally a densely populated area. Before the Reform Act 1832
the composition of the City electorate was not as democratic as that of some other borough constituencies, such as neighbouring Westminster. The right of election was held by members of the Livery Companies
. However the size and wealth of the community meant that it had more voters than most other borough constituencies. Namier and Brooke estimated the size of the City electorate, in the latter part of the 18th century, at about 7,000. Only Westminster had a larger size of electorate.
During the course of the 19th and 20th centuries the metropolitan area of London expanded enormously. The resident population of the City fell as people moved to the new suburbs. However the City authorities did not want to extend their jurisdiction beyond the traditional "square mile", so the Parliamentary constituency was left unchanged as its resident population fell. By the 20th century almost all electors in the City qualified as business voters, due to the ownership of shop or office premises in the City. The business voters were a type of plural voter
so when that voting qualification was abolished by the Representation of the People Act 1948
the City had far too few voters to remain a Parliamentary constituency.
In 1950 the area was merged for Parliamentary purposes with the neighbouring City of Westminster
, to form a new single-member constituency of Cities of London and Westminster
.
There are special provisions concerning the City and Parliamentary boundaries. Rule 3 of the Rules for Redistribution of Seats, used by the Boundary Commission for England in its General Review of Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries starting in 2000, provided that:-
"There shall continue to be a constituency which shall include the whole of the City of London and the name of which shall refer to the City of London".
for citizens known to have represented the City in Parliament before 1707
system was used. Voters could cast a vote for one to four (or up to two in two-member elections 1885-1950) candidates, as they chose. The leading candidates with the largest number of votes were elected. In 1868 the limited vote was introduced, which restricted an individual elector to using one, two or three votes, in elections to fill four seats.
In by-elections, to fill a single seat, the first past the post system applied.
After 1832, when registration of voters was introduced, a turnout figure is given for contested elections. In multi-member elections, when the exact number of participating voters is unknown, this is calculated by dividing the number of votes by four (to 1868), three (1868–1885) and two thereafter. To the extent that electors did not use all their votes this will be an underestimate of turnout.
Where a party had more than one candidate in one or both of a pair of successive elections change is calculated for each individual candidate, otherwise change is based on the party vote.
Candidates for whom no party has been identified are classified as Non Partisan. The candidate might have been associated with a party or faction in Parliament or consider himself to belong to a particular political tradition. Political parties before the 19th century were not as cohesive or organised as they later became. Contemporary commentators (even the reputed leaders of parties or factions) in the 18th century did not necessarily agree who the party supporters were. The traditional parties, which had arisen in the late 17th century, became increasingly irrelevant to politics in the 18th century (particularly after 1760), although for some contests in some constituencies party labels were still used. It was only towards the end of the century that party labels began to acquire some meaning again, although this process was by no means complete for several more generations.
Sources: The results are based on the History of Parliament Trust's volumes on the House of Commons in various periods from 1715–1820, Stooks Smith from 1820 until 1832 and Craig from 1832. Where Stooks Smith gives additional information this is indicated in a note. See references below for further details of these sources.
Dates of general and by-elections from 1660-1715 (excluding general elections at which no new MP was returned)
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
Parliamentary
Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom, British Crown dependencies and British overseas territories, located in London...
constituency. It was a constituency
United Kingdom constituencies
In the United Kingdom , each of the electoral areas or divisions called constituencies elects one or more members to a parliament or assembly.Within the United Kingdom there are now five bodies with members elected by constituencies:...
of the House of Commons
British House of Commons
The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords . Both Commons and Lords meet in the Palace of Westminster. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 650 members , who are known as Members...
of the Parliament of England
Parliament of England
The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England. In 1066, William of Normandy introduced a feudal system, by which he sought the advice of a council of tenants-in-chief and ecclesiastics before making laws...
then of the Parliament of Great Britain
Parliament of Great Britain
The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and Parliament of Scotland...
from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom, British Crown dependencies and British overseas territories, located in London...
from 1801 to 1950.
Boundaries and boundary changes
This borough constituency consisted of the City of LondonCity of London
The City of London is a small area within Greater London, England. It is the historic core of London around which the modern conurbation grew and has held city status since time immemorial. The City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, and it is now only a tiny part of...
, which is the historic core of the modern Greater London
Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London, including Middle Temple and Inner Temple, and the 32 London boroughs. This territory is coterminate with the London Government Office Region and the London...
.
The southern boundary of the City is the north bank of the River Thames
River Thames
The River Thames flows through southern England. It is the longest river entirely in England and the second longest in the United Kingdom. While it is best known because its lower reaches flow through central London, the river flows alongside several other towns and cities, including Oxford,...
. The City of Westminster
City of Westminster
The City of Westminster is a London borough occupying much of the central area of London, England, including most of the West End. It is located to the west of and adjoining the ancient City of London, directly to the east of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, and its southern boundary...
is situated to the west. The districts of Holborn
Holborn
Holborn is an area of Central London. Holborn is also the name of the area's principal east-west street, running as High Holborn from St Giles's High Street to Gray's Inn Road and then on to Holborn Viaduct...
and Finsbury
Finsbury
Finsbury is a district of central London, England. It lies immediately north of the City of London and Clerkenwell, west of Shoreditch, and south of Islington and City Road. It is in the south of the London Borough of Islington. The Finsbury Estate is in the western part of the district...
are to the north, Shoreditch
Shoreditch
Shoreditch is an area of London within the London Borough of Hackney in England. It is a built-up part of the inner city immediately to the north of the City of London, located east-northeast of Charing Cross.-Etymology:...
to the north-east and Whitechapel
Whitechapel
Whitechapel is a built-up inner city district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, London, England. It is located east of Charing Cross and roughly bounded by the Bishopsgate thoroughfare on the west, Fashion Street on the north, Brady Street and Cavell Street on the east and The Highway on the...
to the east.
London is first known to have been enfranchised and represented in Parliament in 1298. Because it was the most important city in England it received four seats in Parliament instead of the normal two for a constituency. Previous to 1298 the area would have been represented as part of the county constituency of Middlesex
Middlesex (UK Parliament constituency)
Middlesex is a former United Kingdom Parliamentary constituency. It was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885....
. The City formed part of the geographic county, even though from early times it was not administered as part of Middlesex.
The City was represented by four MPs until 1885 and two thereafter until 1950.
The City of London was originally a densely populated area. Before the Reform Act 1832
Reform Act 1832
The Representation of the People Act 1832 was an Act of Parliament that introduced wide-ranging changes to the electoral system of England and Wales...
the composition of the City electorate was not as democratic as that of some other borough constituencies, such as neighbouring Westminster. The right of election was held by members of the Livery Companies
Livery Company
The Livery Companies are 108 trade associations in the City of London, almost all of which are known as the "Worshipful Company of" the relevant trade, craft or profession. The medieval Companies originally developed as guilds and were responsible for the regulation of their trades, controlling,...
. However the size and wealth of the community meant that it had more voters than most other borough constituencies. Namier and Brooke estimated the size of the City electorate, in the latter part of the 18th century, at about 7,000. Only Westminster had a larger size of electorate.
During the course of the 19th and 20th centuries the metropolitan area of London expanded enormously. The resident population of the City fell as people moved to the new suburbs. However the City authorities did not want to extend their jurisdiction beyond the traditional "square mile", so the Parliamentary constituency was left unchanged as its resident population fell. By the 20th century almost all electors in the City qualified as business voters, due to the ownership of shop or office premises in the City. The business voters were a type of plural voter
Plural voting
Plural voting is the practice whereby one person might be able to vote multiple times in an election. It is not to be confused with a plurality voting system which does not necessarily involve plural voting...
so when that voting qualification was abolished by the Representation of the People Act 1948
Representation of the People Act 1948
The Representation of the People Act 1948 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that altered the law relating to parliamentary and local elections...
the City had far too few voters to remain a Parliamentary constituency.
In 1950 the area was merged for Parliamentary purposes with the neighbouring City of Westminster
City of Westminster
The City of Westminster is a London borough occupying much of the central area of London, England, including most of the West End. It is located to the west of and adjoining the ancient City of London, directly to the east of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, and its southern boundary...
, to form a new single-member constituency of Cities of London and Westminster
Cities of London and Westminster (UK Parliament constituency)
Cities of London and Westminster is a borough constituency covering the area comprising the City of London and southern portion of the City of Westminster in Central London...
.
There are special provisions concerning the City and Parliamentary boundaries. Rule 3 of the Rules for Redistribution of Seats, used by the Boundary Commission for England in its General Review of Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries starting in 2000, provided that:-
"There shall continue to be a constituency which shall include the whole of the City of London and the name of which shall refer to the City of London".
Members of Parliament 1660-1950
See also City of London (elections to the Parliament of England)City of London (elections to the Parliament of England)
The City of London was a Parliamentary constituency of the Parliament of England until 1707.-Boundaries and history to 1707:This borough constituency consisted of the City of London, which was the historic core of the modern Greater London...
for citizens known to have represented the City in Parliament before 1707
Parliaments of England and Great Britain 1660–1800
| From | To | Name | Born | Died |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1660 | 1660 | William Wilde | c. 1611 | 23 November 1679 |
| 1660 | 1660 | Richard Browne | ... | 24 September 1669 |
| 1660 | 1660 | John Robinson Sir John Robinson, 1st Baronet, of London Sir John Robinson, 1st Baronet, of London was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1660 and 1667. He was Lord Mayor of London in 1662.... |
10 January 1615 | February 1680 |
| 1660 | 1660 | William Vincent William Vincent William Vincent was Dean of Westminster from 1803 to 1815.-Biography:Vincent born on 2 November 1739 in Limehouse Street Ward, London, was the fifth surviving son of Giles Vincent, packer and Portugal merchant, by Sarah .-Theological career:William was admitted at Westminster School as a ‘town... |
c. 1615 | 1661 |
| 1661 | 1662 | John Fowke John Fowke John Fowke was an English merchant and politician. He served as a Sheriff of London for 1644 and Lord Mayor of London for 1652.He was the Member of Parliament for City of London 1661 - 1662.-Early life:... |
c. 1596 | 22 April 1662 |
| 1661 | 1679 | Sir William Thompson William Thompson (London) Sir William Thompson was an English politician. He was the Member of Parliament for the City of London 19 Mar 1661 - 1679.-References:... |
10 April 1614 | c. April 1681 |
| 1661 | 1681 | William Love | c. 1620 | 1 May 1689 |
| 1661 | 1679 | John Jones | c. 1610 | 21 May 1692 |
| 1663 | 1679 | Sir John Frederick John Frederick (Lord Mayor) Sir John Frederick was an English merchant, MP and Lord Mayor of London.Frederick was a city of London merchant and a member of the Worshipful Company of Barber-Surgeons. On 22 September 1653, he was elected an alderman of the City of London for Vintry ward... |
25 October 1601 | 19 March 1685 |
| 1679 | 1681 | Sir Robert Clayton Robert Clayton Sir Robert Clayton was a British merchant banker, politician and Lord Mayor of London.Robert Clayton was born in Northamptonshire, England. He became an apprentice to his uncle, a London scrivener, where he met a fellow apprentice, Alderman John Morris... |
29 September 1629 | 16 July 1707 |
| 1679 | 1681 | Sir Thomas Player | ... | 14 June 1686 |
| 1679 | 1681 | Thomas Pilkington | 30 March 1628 | 16 November 1691 |
| 1685 | 1687 | Sir John Moore John Moore (London MP) Sir John Moore was the Member of Parliament for the City of London from 15 May 1685 to 9 January 1687., and Lord Mayor of London, 1681-82 -Biography:... |
11 June 1620 | 2 June 1702 |
| 1685 | 1687 | Sir William Prichard | c. 1632 | 18 February 1705 |
| 1685 | 1687 | Sir Samuel Dashwood | c. 1643 | 12 August 1705 |
| 1685 | 1687 | Sir Peter Rich | c. 1630 | 26 August 1692 |
| 1689 | 1690 | Sir Patience Ward | 7 December 1629 | 10 July 1696 |
| 1689 | 1690 | Sir Robert Clayton Robert Clayton Sir Robert Clayton was a British merchant banker, politician and Lord Mayor of London.Robert Clayton was born in Northamptonshire, England. He became an apprentice to his uncle, a London scrivener, where he met a fellow apprentice, Alderman John Morris... |
29 September 1629 | 16 July 1707 |
| 1689 | 1689 | William Love | c. 1620 | 1 May 1689 |
| 1689 | 1690 | Thomas Pilkington | 30 March 1628 | 16 November 1691 |
| 1689 | 1690 | Sir William Ashhurst William Ashhurst Sir William Ashhurst or Ashurst was an English banker, Sheriff of London, Lord Mayor of London and Member of Parliament.-Biography:... (W) |
26 April 1647 | 12 January 1720 |
| 1690 | 1695 | Sir William Prichard | c. 1632 | 18 February 1705 |
| 1690 | 1695 | Sir Samuel Dashwood | c. 1643 | 12 August 1705 |
| 1690 | 1693 | Sir William Turner | 12 September 1615 | 9 February 1693 |
| 1690 | 1695 | Sir Thomas Vernon | 10 December 1631 | 10 February 1711 |
| 1693 | 1701 | Sir John Fleet | 18 March 1648 | 6 July 1712 |
| 1695 | 1698 | Sir Robert Clayton Robert Clayton Sir Robert Clayton was a British merchant banker, politician and Lord Mayor of London.Robert Clayton was born in Northamptonshire, England. He became an apprentice to his uncle, a London scrivener, where he met a fellow apprentice, Alderman John Morris... |
29 September 1629 | 16 July 1707 |
| 1695 | 1702 | Sir William Ashhurst William Ashhurst Sir William Ashhurst or Ashurst was an English banker, Sheriff of London, Lord Mayor of London and Member of Parliament.-Biography:... |
26 April 1647 | 12 January 1720 |
| 1695 | 1701 | Thomas Papillon | 6 September 1623 | 5 May 1702 |
| 1698 | 1701 | Sir James Houblon | 26 July 1629 | October 1700 |
| 1701 | 1702 | Sir Robert Clayton Robert Clayton Sir Robert Clayton was a British merchant banker, politician and Lord Mayor of London.Robert Clayton was born in Northamptonshire, England. He became an apprentice to his uncle, a London scrivener, where he met a fellow apprentice, Alderman John Morris... |
29 September 1629 | 16 July 1707 |
| 1701 | 1701 | Sir William Withers William Withers Sir William Withers was Lord Mayor of London from 1707 to 1708.-Family background:He was born in 1657, a descendant of Sir Thomas Wyther. Sir William Withers' father was believed to be the first family member to spell the name Wyther as Withers.Withers married Margaret Hayes, daughter of Thomas... (T) |
c. 1654 | 31 January 1721 |
| 1701 | 1701 | Gilbert Heathcote (a) | 2 January 1652 | 25 January 1733 |
| 1701 | 1701 | Sir John Fleet | 18 March 1648 | 6 July 1712 |
| 1701 | 1702 | Sir Thomas Abney Thomas Abney Sir Thomas Abney was Lord Mayor of London.Abney was born in Willesley, which at the time was in Derbyshire but is now in Leicestershire. He was educated at Loughborough Grammar School, where a house is named after him.... |
January 1640 | 6 February 1722 |
| 1701 | 1710 | Sir Gilbert Heathcote | 2 January 1652 | 25 January 1733 |
| 1702 | 1705 | Sir William Prichard | c. 1632 | 18 February 1705 |
| 1702 | 1705 | Sir John Fleet | 18 March 1648 | 6 July 1712 |
| 1702 | 1705 | Sir Francis Child | 14 December 1642 | 4 October 1713 |
| 1705 | 1707 | Sir Robert Clayton Robert Clayton Sir Robert Clayton was a British merchant banker, politician and Lord Mayor of London.Robert Clayton was born in Northamptonshire, England. He became an apprentice to his uncle, a London scrivener, where he met a fellow apprentice, Alderman John Morris... |
29 September 1629 | 16 July 1707 |
| 1705 | 1708 | Samuel Shepheard | c. 1648 | 4 January 1719 |
| 1705 | 1710 | Sir William Ashhurst William Ashhurst Sir William Ashhurst or Ashurst was an English banker, Sheriff of London, Lord Mayor of London and Member of Parliament.-Biography:... |
26 April 1647 | 12 January 1720 |
| 1707 | 1715 | Sir William Withers William Withers Sir William Withers was Lord Mayor of London from 1707 to 1708.-Family background:He was born in 1657, a descendant of Sir Thomas Wyther. Sir William Withers' father was believed to be the first family member to spell the name Wyther as Withers.Withers married Margaret Hayes, daughter of Thomas... (T) |
c. 1654 | 31 January 1721 |
| 1708 | 1710 | Sir John Ward (W) | c. 1650 | 12 March 1726 |
| 1710 | 1715 | Sir Richard Hoare Richard Hoare Sir Richard Hoare was the founder of C. Hoare & Co, one of the United Kingdom's oldest private banks.-Career:Having been raised near Smithfield Market in London, Richard Hoare began his working life apprenticed to a goldsmith. He was granted the Freedom of the Goldsmiths' Company on 5 July 1672.... (T) |
8 September 1649 | 6 January 1719 |
| 1710 | 1714 | Sir George Newland (T) | c. 1646 | 26 March 1714 |
| 1710 | 1715 | Sir John Cass (T) | 28 February 1661 | 5 July 1718 |
| 1715 | 1722 | Robert Heysham (W) | 16 August 1663 | 25 February 1723 |
| 1715 | 1722 | Sir John Ward (W) | c. 1650 | 12 March 1726 |
| 1715 | 1724 | Peter Godfrey (T) | 1665 | 10 November 1724 |
| 1715 | 1722 | Sir Thomas Scawen (W) | c. 1650 | 22 September 1730 |
| 1722 | 1727 | Richard Lockwood (T) | 1676 | 30 August 1756 |
| 1722 | 1761 | Sir John Barnard (W) | c. 1685 | 29 August 1764 |
| 1722 | 1727 | Francis Child (T) | c. 1684 | 20 April 1740 |
| 1724 | 1727 | Sir Richard Hopkins | ... | 2 January 1746 |
| 1727 | 1734 | Sir John Eyles, Bt Sir John Eyles, 2nd Baronet Sir John Eyles, 2nd Baronet of Gidea Hall, Essex was a British financier. Eyles was the eldest surviving son of Sir Francis Eyles, 1st Baronet. He was married to his cousin, Mary Haskin Styles. Together they had two children, a girl and a boy... (W) |
1683 | 11 March 1745 |
| 1727 | 1741 | Micajah Perry (W) | ... | 22 January 1753 |
| 1727 | 1741 | Humphry Parsons (T) | c. 1676 | 21 March 1741 |
| 1734 | 1741 | Robert Willimot (T) | ... | 19 December 1746 |
| 1741 | 1747 | George Heathcote George Heathcote George Heathcote was an eighteenth century English politician and philanthropist who was a Member of Parliament and Lord Mayor of London.He was a nephew of Sir Gilbert Heathcote, 1st Baronet, Governor of the Bank of England... (T) |
7 December 1700 | 7 June 1768 |
| 1741 | 1747 | Sir Daniel Lambert (T) | 7 September 1685 | 13 May 1750 |
| 1741 | 1742 | Sir Robert Godschall (T) | c. 1692 | 26 June 1742 |
| 1742 | 1754 | Sir William Calvert (W) | c. 1703 | 3 May 1761 |
| 1747 | 1758 | Slingsby Bethell (W) | 16 March 1695 | 1 November 1758 |
| 1747 | 1754 | Stephen Theodore Janssen (W) | ... | ... |
| 1754 | 1773 | Sir Robert Ladbroke | c. 1713 | 31 October 1773 |
| 1754 | 1770 | William Beckford William Beckford (politician) William Beckford was a well-known political figure in 18th century London, who twice held the office of Lord Mayor of London . His vast wealth came largely from his plantations in Jamaica... |
19 December 1709 | 21 June 1770 |
| 1758 | 1768 | Sir Richard Glyn Sir Richard Glyn, 1st Baronet, of Ewell Sir Richard Glyn, 1st Baronet was a British banker and politician.Together with Joseph Vere and Thomas Hallifax he founded the bank of Vere, Glyn & Hallifax, which evolved into Williams & Glyn's Bank.... |
13 June 1711 | 1 January 1773 |
| 1761 | 1774 | Hon. Thomas Harley Thomas Harley The Honourable Thomas Harley was a British politician.Harley was a younger son of Edward Harley, 3rd Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer. He became an alderman of London, Sheriff of London in 1764 and Lord Mayor of London in 1767... |
24 August 1730 | 1 December 1804 |
| 1768 | 1774 | Barlow Trecothick | c. 1718 | 28 May 1775 |
| 1770 | 1780 | Richard Oliver | 7 January 1735 | 16 April 1784 |
| 1773 | 1784 | Frederick Bull | c. 1714 | 10 January 1784 |
| 1774 | 1780 | John Sawbridge John Sawbridge John Sawbridge was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1768 to 1780.Sawbridge was the eldest son of John Sawbridge of Olantigh and his wife Elizabeth Wanley, daughter of George Wanley.... |
1732 | 21 February 1795 |
| 1774 | 1781 | George Hayley | ... | 30 August 1781 |
| 1780 | 1780 | John Kirkman John Kirkman John Kirkman was an English politician.At the general election in September 1780, Kirkman was elected as one of the 4 MPs for the City of London. However, he died on 19 September 1780, the day when the polls closed... |
1741 | 19 September 1780 |
| 1780 | 1790 | Nathaniel Newnham | c. 1741 | 26 December 1809 |
| 1780 | 1795 | John Sawbridge John Sawbridge John Sawbridge was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1768 to 1780.Sawbridge was the eldest son of John Sawbridge of Olantigh and his wife Elizabeth Wanley, daughter of George Wanley.... |
1732 | 21 February 1795 |
| 1781 | 1796 | Sir Watkin Lewes Watkin Lewes Sir Watkin Lewes was a Welsh politician in England.Lewes was the second son of Reverend Watkin Lewes, Pen-Y-Benglog, Melinau, and Ann Williams, Treamlod , Pembrokeshire. He was educated in Shrewsbury School and in Magdalene College, Cambridge where he graduated in 1763... |
c. 1740 | 13 July 1821 |
| 1784 | 1793 | Brook Watson Brook Watson Sir Brook Watson, 1st Baronet was a British merchant, soldier, and later Lord Mayor of London, perhaps most famous as the subject of Watson and the Shark , a painting by John Singleton Copley which depicted a shark attack on Watson as a boy, as a result of which he lost his right leg below the... |
11 February 1735 | 2 October 1807 |
| 1790 | 1800 | Sir William Curtis | 25 January 1752 | 18 January 1829 |
| 1793 | 1800 | Sir John Anderson, Bt | c. 1735 | 21 May 1813 |
| 1795 | 1800 | William Lushington | 18 January 1747 | 11 September 1823 |
| 1796 | 1800 | Harvey Christian Combe Harvey Christian Combe Harvey Christian Combe was an English Whig politician.He was Lord Mayor of London in 1799.At the 1796 general election he was elected as a Member of Parliament for the City of London. He held the seat for 21 years, until he resigned from the House of Commons in 1817 by taking the Chiltern Hundreds... |
1752 | 4 July 1818 |
- Note:-
- (a) Expelled
MPs 1801–1885
| Election | Member | Party | Member | Party | Member | Party | Member | Party | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1801 United Kingdom general election, 1801 The United Kingdom general election, 1801 was not an election as such, but the co-option of members to serve in the first Parliament to be held after the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 January 1801... |
Sir William Curtis, Bt | Tory | Sir John Anderson, Bt | William Lushington | Non-partisan | Harvey Christian Combe Harvey Christian Combe Harvey Christian Combe was an English Whig politician.He was Lord Mayor of London in 1799.At the 1796 general election he was elected as a Member of Parliament for the City of London. He held the seat for 21 years, until he resigned from the House of Commons in 1817 by taking the Chiltern Hundreds... |
Whig | |||||
| Sir Charles Price Sir Charles Price, 1st Baronet Sir Charles Price, 1st Baronet was a merchant in the City of London, Lord Mayor of London and politician.Price was the son of the Rev. Ralph Price, incumbent of Farnborough, Berkshire, and his wife Sarah Richardson. He was sent to the city of London, at a young age under the care of an uncle, who... |
Tory | |||||||||||
| 1806 United Kingdom general election, 1806 The United Kingdom general election, 1806 was the election of members to the 3rd Parliament of the United Kingdom. This was the second general election to be held after the Union of Great Britain and Ireland.... |
Sir James Shaw, Bt Sir James Shaw, 1st Baronet Sir James Shaw, 1st Baronet , became Lord Mayor of London in 1805. From humble beginnings in a farming family in Ayrshire he became a successful merchant and politician; he was a relation of Robert Burns and used his wealth to support Burns's orphaned children... |
Tory | ||||||||||
| 1812 United Kingdom general election, 1812 The election to the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1812 was the fourth general election to be held after the Union of Great Britain and Ireland.... |
John Atkins | Tory | ||||||||||
| 1817 by-election | Sir Matthew Wood, Bt Sir Matthew Wood, 1st Baronet Sir Matthew Wood, 1st Baronet was a British Whig politician.-Life:Matthew Wood was the son of William Wood, a serge maker from Exeter and Tiverton, and his wife Catherine Cluse . He was educated briefly at Blundell's School, before being obliged to help his ailing father... |
(W, L) | ||||||||||
| 1818 United Kingdom general election, 1818 The 1818 general election of the United Kingdom saw the Whigs gain a few seats, but the Tories under the Earl of Liverpool retained a majority of around 90 seats... |
Thomas Wilson | Tory | Robert Waithman Robert Waithman Robert Waithman , Lord Mayor of London, was born at Wrexham.After being employed for some time in a London linen draper's, he opened, about 1786, a draper's shop of his own, and made a considerable fortune. In 1818 he was returned to Parliament, as a liberal, for the City of London... |
Whig | John Thomas Thorp | Whig | ||||||
| 1820 United Kingdom general election, 1820 The 1820 UK general election, held shortly after the Radical War in Scotland and the Cato Street Conspiracy. In this atmosphere, the Tories under the Earl of Liverpool were able to win a substantial majority over the Whigs.... |
Sir William Curtis, Bt | Tory | George Bridges | Tory | ||||||||
| 1826 United Kingdom general election, 1826 The 1826 United Kingdom general election saw the Tories under the Earl of Liverpool win a substantial and increased majority over the Whigs. In Ireland, Home Rule candidates, working with the Whigs, won large gains from Unionist candidates.... |
William Thompson | Tory | Robert Waithman Robert Waithman Robert Waithman , Lord Mayor of London, was born at Wrexham.After being employed for some time in a London linen draper's, he opened, about 1786, a draper's shop of his own, and made a considerable fortune. In 1818 he was returned to Parliament, as a liberal, for the City of London... |
(W, L) | William Ward William Ward (cricketer) William Ward was a noted English cricketer. He came from an affluent family which owned property on the Isle of Wight. He was educated at Winchester College, and then received financial training in Antwerp.-Life and career:William Ward was a prominent right-handed batsman and an occasional slow... |
Tory | ||||||
| 1831 United Kingdom general election, 1831 The 1831 general election in the United Kingdom saw a landslide win by supporters of electoral reform, which was the major election issue. As a result it was the last unreformed election, as the Parliament which resulted ensured the passage of the Reform Act 1832. Polling was held from 28 April to... |
William Venables | Whig | ||||||||||
| 1832 United Kingdom general election, 1832 -Seats summary:-Parties and leaders at the general election:The Earl Grey had been Prime Minister since 22 November 1830. His was the first predominantly Whig administration since the Ministry of all the Talents in 1806-1807.... |
George Grote George Grote George Grote was an English classical historian, best known in the field for a major work, the voluminous History of Greece, still read.-Early life:He was born at Clay Hill near Beckenham in Kent... |
Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
Sir John Key, Bt Sir John Key, 1st Baronet Sir John Key, 1st Baronet was a Whig politician in England.He was elected Sheriff of the City of London in 1824 and Lord Mayor of London for two years, from 1830 to 1832.... |
Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
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| March 1833 by-election | George Lyall | Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| August 1833 by-election | William Crawford William Crawford (London MP) Wiliam Crawford was a British Liberal Party politician who represented the City of London in the 19th century.Crawford was born in London the son of Andrew Crawford, formerly of Dunfermline, and his wife Mary Spink. He spent his early life with the Honourable East India Company and made a fortune... |
Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
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| 1835 United Kingdom general election, 1835 The 1835 United Kingdom general election was called when Parliament was dissolved on 29 December 1834. Polling took place between 6 January and 6 February 1835, and the results saw Robert Peel's Conservatives make large gains from their low of the 1832 election, but the Whigs maintained a large... |
James Pattison James Pattison (London MP) James Pattison was a Liberal Party politician in England. He sat in the House of Commons between 1835 and 1849.A member of the Worshipful Company of Spectacle Makers, he was elected at the 1835 general election as one of the four Members of Parliament for the City of London, and re-elected in... |
Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
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| 1841 United Kingdom general election, 1841 -Seats summary:-Whig MPs who lost their seats:*Viscount Morpeth - Chief Secretary for Ireland*Sir George Strickland, Bt*Sir Henry Barron, 1st Baronet-References:*F. W. S. Craig, British Electoral Facts: 1832-1987... |
John Masterman John Masterman (MP) John Masterman was a British Conservative Party politician.He was elected at the 1841 general election as one of the four Members of Parliament for the City of London. He was re-elected in 1847 and 1852, and held the seat until he stood down from the House of Commons at the 1857 general... |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
George Lyall | Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
Lord John Russell John Russell, 1st Earl Russell John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, KG, GCMG, PC , known as Lord John Russell before 1861, was an English Whig and Liberal politician who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in the mid-19th century.... |
Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
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| 1843 by-election | James Pattison James Pattison (London MP) James Pattison was a Liberal Party politician in England. He sat in the House of Commons between 1835 and 1849.A member of the Worshipful Company of Spectacle Makers, he was elected at the 1835 general election as one of the four Members of Parliament for the City of London, and re-elected in... |
Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
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| 1847 United Kingdom general election, 1847 -Seats summary:-References:* F. W. S. Craig, British Electoral Facts: 1832-1987* British Electoral Facts 1832-1999, compiled and edited by Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher *... |
Baron Lionel de Rothschild Lionel de Rothschild Baron Lionel Nathan de Rothschild was a British banker and politician.-Biography:The son of Nathan Mayer Rothschild and Hanna Barent Cohen, he was a member of the prominent Rothschild family.... |
Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
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| 1849 by-election | Sir James Duke, Bt Sir James Duke, 1st Baronet Sir James Duke, 1st Baronet was a British Liberal Party politician. He was Lord Mayor of London in 1848–49, and sat in the House of Commons from 1837 to 1865.... |
Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
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| 1857 United Kingdom general election, 1857 -Seats summary:-References:*F. W. S. Craig, British Electoral Facts: 1832-1987* British Electoral Facts 1832-1999, compiled and edited by Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher *... |
Robert Wigram Crawford Robert Wigram Crawford Robert Wigram Crawford was a British East India merchant and Governor of the Bank of England and a Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1857 to 1874.... |
Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
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| 1861 by-election | Western Wood Western Wood (MP) Western Wood was a British businessman and a Liberal Party politician. He sat in the House of Commons from 1861 to 1863.- Family :... |
Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
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| 1863 by-election | George Goschen | Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
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| 1865 United Kingdom general election, 1865 The 1865 United Kingdom general election saw the Liberals, led by Lord Palmerston, increase their large majority over the Earl of Derby's Conservatives to more than 80. The Whig Party changed its name to the Liberal Party between the previous election and this one.Palmerston died later in the same... |
William Lawrence William Lawrence (London MP) Sir William Lawrence was an English builder and Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons in two periods between 1865 and 1885.... |
Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
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| 1868 United Kingdom general election, 1868 The 1868 United Kingdom general election was the first after passage of the Reform Act 1867, which enfranchised many male householders, thus greatly increasing the number of men who could vote in elections in the United Kingdom... |
Charles Bell | Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1869 by-election | Baron Lionel de Rothschild Lionel de Rothschild Baron Lionel Nathan de Rothschild was a British banker and politician.-Biography:The son of Nathan Mayer Rothschild and Hanna Barent Cohen, he was a member of the prominent Rothschild family.... |
Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
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| 1874 United Kingdom general election, 1874 -Seats summary:-References:* F. W. S. Craig, British Electoral Facts: 1832-1987* British Electoral Facts 1832-1999, compiled and edited by Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher *... |
William Cotton William James Richmond Cotton Sir William James Richmond Cotton was an English merchant and Conservative Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1874 to 1885.... |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
Philip Twells | Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
John Gellibrand Hubbard John Hubbard, 1st Baron Addington John Gellibrand Hubbard, 1st Baron Addington PC was a City of London financier and a Conservative Party politician... |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1880 United Kingdom general election, 1880 -Seats summary:-References:*F. W. S. Craig, British Electoral Facts: 1832-1987* British Electoral Facts 1832-1999, compiled and edited by Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher *... |
Sir Robert Fowler, Bt Sir Robert Fowler, 1st Baronet Sir Robert Nicholas Fowler, 1st Baronet DL JP was an MP and Lord Mayor of London.... |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
William Lawrence William Lawrence (London MP) Sir William Lawrence was an English builder and Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons in two periods between 1865 and 1885.... |
Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
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| 1885 United Kingdom general election, 1885 -Seats summary:-See also:*List of MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 1885*Parliamentary Franchise in the United Kingdom 1885–1918*Representation of the People Act 1884*Redistribution of Seats Act 1885-References:... |
reduced to two seats | |||||||||||
MPs 1885–1950
| Election | Member | Party | Member | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1885 United Kingdom general election, 1885 -Seats summary:-See also:*List of MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 1885*Parliamentary Franchise in the United Kingdom 1885–1918*Representation of the People Act 1884*Redistribution of Seats Act 1885-References:... |
John Gellibrand Hubbard John Hubbard, 1st Baron Addington John Gellibrand Hubbard, 1st Baron Addington PC was a City of London financier and a Conservative Party politician... |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
Sir Robert Nicholas Fowler, Bt | Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1887 by-election | Thomas Baring | Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| Apr 1891 by-election | Hucks Gibbs Hucks Gibbs, 1st Baron Aldenham Henry Hucks Gibbs, 1st Baron Aldenham MA BA FGS FSA was a British banker, businessman and Conservative Party politician.Aldenham the son of George Henry Gibbs,... |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| Jun 1891 by-election | Sir Reginald Hanson, Bt | Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1892 United Kingdom general election, 1892 The 1892 United Kingdom general election was held from 4 July to 26 July 1892. It saw the Conservatives, led by Lord Salisbury, win the greatest number of seats, but not enough for an overall majority as William Ewart Gladstone's Liberals won many more seats than in the 1886 general election... |
Alban Gibbs Alban Gibbs, 2nd Baron Aldenham Alban George Henry Gibbs, MA, FSA, MP, 2nd Baron Aldenham was a British Conservative Party politician and peer, the son of Henry Hucks Gibbs, 1st Baron Aldenham.... |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1900 United Kingdom general election, 1900 -Seats summary:-See also:*MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 1900*The Parliamentary Franchise in the United Kingdom 1885-1918-External links:***-References:*F. W. S. Craig, British Electoral Facts: 1832-1987**... |
Sir Joseph Cockfield Dimsdale Joseph Cockfield Dimsdale Sir Joseph Cockfield Dimsdale, 1st Baronet, PC, KCVO, Bt was a distinguished public figure in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.He was born on 19 January 1849 and educated at Eton.... (C) |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1906 United Kingdom general election, 1906 -Seats summary:-See also:*MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 1906*The Parliamentary Franchise in the United Kingdom 1885-1918-External links:***-References:*F. W. S. Craig, British Electoral Facts: 1832-1987**... |
Sir Edward George Clarke Edward George Clarke Sir Edward George Clarke QC QC was a British barrister and politician, considered one of the leading advocates of the late Victorian era and serving as Solicitor-General in the Conservative government of 1886–1892... |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| Feb 1906 by-election City of London by-election, February 1906 The City of London by-election, February 1906 was a parliamentary by-election held on 27 February 1906 for the British House of Commons constituency of City of London, which covered the "Square Mile" which was the United Kingdom's traditional financial district.... |
Arthur James Balfour | Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| Jun 1906 by-election | Sir Frederick Banbury, Bt | Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1918 United Kingdom general election, 1918 The United Kingdom general election of 1918 was the first to be held after the Representation of the People Act 1918, which meant it was the first United Kingdom general election in which nearly all adult men and some women could vote. Polling was held on 14 December 1918, although the count did... |
Coalition Conservative | Coalition Conservative | ||||
| 1922 by-election City of London by-election, 1922 The City of London by-election, 1922 was a parliamentary by-election held on 19 May 1922 for the British House of Commons constituency of City of London, which covered the "Square Mile" which was the United Kingdom's traditional financial district.... |
Edward Grenfell | Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1922 United Kingdom general election, 1922 The United Kingdom general election of 1922 was held on 15 November 1922. It was the first election held after most of the Irish counties left the United Kingdom to form the Irish Free State, and was won by Andrew Bonar Law's Conservatives, who gained an overall majority over Labour, led by John... |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1924 by-election City of London by-election, 1924 The City of London by-election, 1924 was a parliamentary by-election held on 1 February 1924 for the British House of Commons constituency of City of London, which covered the "Square Mile" which was the United Kingdom's traditional financial district.... |
Sir Vansittart Bowater, Bt | Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1935 by-election | Sir Alan Garrett Anderson Alan Garrett Anderson Sir Alan Garrett Anderson GBE DL was a British civil servant and shipowner.- Early life and career:Anderson was born in 1877 to James George Skelton Anderson and Elizabeth Garrett Anderson. Anderson's father was a shipping magnate who merged the family shipping business, Anderson, Anderson & Co.,... |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1938 by-election City of London by-election, 1938 The City of London by-election, 1938 was a by-election held on 6 April 1938 for the British House of Commons constituency of City of London, which covered the "Square Mile" which was the United Kingdom's traditional financial district.... |
Sir George Broadbridge, Bt George Broadbridge, 1st Baron Broadbridge George Thomas Broadbridge, 1st Baron Broadbridge KCVO FRGS FCIS was a British Conservative Party politician, most prominently in the City of London.... |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1940 by-election City of London by-election, 1940 The City of London by-election, 1940 was a by-election held on 5 February 1940 for the British House of Commons constituency of City of London, which covered the "Square Mile" which was the United Kingdom's traditional financial district.... |
Sir Andrew Rae Duncan | National | ||||
| 1945 by-election | Ralph Assheton Ralph Assheton, 1st Baron Clitheroe Ralph Assheton, 1st Baron Clitheroe PC was a British Conservative Party politician.He was Member of Parliament for Rushcliffe from 1934 to 1945, for the City of London from 1945 to 1950, and for Blackburn West from 1950 to 1955.In the wartime government under Winston Churchill, he was Minister of... |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1950 United Kingdom general election, 1950 The 1950 United Kingdom general election was the first general election ever after a full term of a Labour government. Despite polling over one and a half million votes more than the Conservatives, the election, held on 23 February 1950 resulted in Labour receiving a slim majority of just five... |
Constituency abolished | |||||
Elections
In multi-member elections the bloc votingPlurality-at-large voting
Plurality-at-large voting is a non-proportional voting system for electing several representatives from a single multimember electoral district using a series of check boxes and tallying votes similar to a plurality election...
system was used. Voters could cast a vote for one to four (or up to two in two-member elections 1885-1950) candidates, as they chose. The leading candidates with the largest number of votes were elected. In 1868 the limited vote was introduced, which restricted an individual elector to using one, two or three votes, in elections to fill four seats.
In by-elections, to fill a single seat, the first past the post system applied.
After 1832, when registration of voters was introduced, a turnout figure is given for contested elections. In multi-member elections, when the exact number of participating voters is unknown, this is calculated by dividing the number of votes by four (to 1868), three (1868–1885) and two thereafter. To the extent that electors did not use all their votes this will be an underestimate of turnout.
Where a party had more than one candidate in one or both of a pair of successive elections change is calculated for each individual candidate, otherwise change is based on the party vote.
Candidates for whom no party has been identified are classified as Non Partisan. The candidate might have been associated with a party or faction in Parliament or consider himself to belong to a particular political tradition. Political parties before the 19th century were not as cohesive or organised as they later became. Contemporary commentators (even the reputed leaders of parties or factions) in the 18th century did not necessarily agree who the party supporters were. The traditional parties, which had arisen in the late 17th century, became increasingly irrelevant to politics in the 18th century (particularly after 1760), although for some contests in some constituencies party labels were still used. It was only towards the end of the century that party labels began to acquire some meaning again, although this process was by no means complete for several more generations.
Sources: The results are based on the History of Parliament Trust's volumes on the House of Commons in various periods from 1715–1820, Stooks Smith from 1820 until 1832 and Craig from 1832. Where Stooks Smith gives additional information this is indicated in a note. See references below for further details of these sources.
Dates of general and by-elections from 1660-1715 (excluding general elections at which no new MP was returned)
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Parliament of Great Britain election results 1713–1800
| 1710s – 1720s – 1730s – 1740s – 1750s – 1760s – 1770s – 1780s – 1790s |
Elections in the 1710s
- 6,787 voted. The losing candidates demanded a scrutiny, which did not change the result. (Source: Copy of the pollbook
Elections in the 1720s
- After a scrutiny the members returned were unchanged and vote totals were amended to Lockwood 4,025; Barnard 3,840; Godfrey 3,723; Child 3,575; Heysham 3,441; Parsons 3,393.
- Death of Godfrey 10 November 1724
- After a scrutiny the members returned were unchanged and vote totals were amended to Eyles 3,539; Barnard 3,514; Perry 3,396; Parsons 3,255; Thompson 3,244; Lockwood 2,977; Hopkins 2,921; Williams 2,914.
Elections in the 1730s
- Note (1734): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
Elections in the 1740s
- Note (1741): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Death of Godschall 26 June 1742
Elections in the 1750s
- Note (1754): Poll 7 days, 5,931 voted (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Death of Bethell 1 November 1758
Elections in the 1760s
- Note (1761): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
Elections in the 1770s
- Death of Beckford 21 June 1770
- Death of Ladbroke 31 October 1773
Elections in the 1780s
- Death of Kirkman 19 September 1780
- Death of Hayley 30 August 1781
- Death of Bull 10 January 1784
- Note (1784 be): Poll 3 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Note (1784): Poll 7 days. Mr Pitt was returned on the show of hands, but retired before the poll. (Source: Stooks Smith)
Elections in the 1790s
- Note (1790): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Appointment of Watson as Commissary General
- Note (1793): Mr Newnham was a candidate, but declined to go to the poll. (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Death of Sawbridge 21 February 1795
- Note (1795): Poll 3 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Note (1796): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
Parliament of the United Kingdom election results (4 seats) 1801–1885
| 1800s – 1810s – 1820s – 1830s – 1840s – 1850s – 1860s – 1870s – 1880s |
Elections in the 1800s
- Note (1802): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Note (1806): Poll 3 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Note (1807): Mr Hankey died on the afternoon of the first day's polling. All the candidates voted for him. (Source: Stooks Smith)
Elections in the 1810s
- Note (1812): Mr Hunter, the Lord Mayor of the City of London, retired before the poll. (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Resignation of Combe
- Note (1818): Poll 7 days, 7,978 voted. (Source: Stooks Smith)
Elections in the 1820s
- Note (1820): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Note (1826): Poll 7 days. 8,639 voted. Alderman Garrett was proposed without his consent. (Source: Stooks Smith)
Elections in the 1830s
- Note (1832): 11,500 voted. Grote and Scales were classified as Radical candidates. (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Death of Waithman 6 February 1833
- Resignation of Key
- Note (1835): 18,228 registered electors (Craig's figure is used in the turnout calculation). 11,456 voted. Grote was classified as a Radical candidate. (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Note (1837): 19,466 registered electors (Craig's figure is used in the turnout calculation). 11,932 voted. Grote was classified as a Radical candidate. (Source: Stooks Smith)
Elections in the 1840s
- Note (1841): 19,678 registered electors (Craig's figure is used in the turnout calculation). (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Death of Wood 25 September 1843
- Appointment of Russell as Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury
- Note (1847): 20,472 registered electors (Craig's figure is used in the turnout calculation). 13,437 voted. De Rothschild and Payne were classified as Reformer candidates. (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Resignation of de Rothschild to seek re-election after rejection of the Jewish Disabilities Bill
- Note (1849): De Rothschild was classified as a Reformer candidate. (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Death of Pattison June 1849
Elections in the 1850s
- Appointment of Russell as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
- Appointment of Russell as Lord President of the CouncilLord President of the CouncilThe Lord President of the Council is the fourth of the Great Officers of State of the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord High Treasurer and above the Lord Privy Seal. The Lord President usually attends each meeting of the Privy Council, presenting business for the monarch's approval...
- Appointment of Russell as Secretary of State for the ColoniesSecretary of State for the ColoniesThe Secretary of State for the Colonies or Colonial Secretary was the British Cabinet minister in charge of managing the United Kingdom's various colonial dependencies....
- Resignation of de Rothschild to seek re-election after rejection of the Jewish Disabilities Bill
- Appointment of Russell as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
Elections in the 1860s
- Creation of Russell as the 1st Earl RussellEarl RussellEarl Russell, of Kingston Russell in the County of Dorset, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 30 July 1861 for the prominent Liberal politician Lord John Russell. He was Home Secretary from 1835 to 1839, Foreign Secretary from 1852 to 1853 and 1859 to 1865 and Prime...
- Death of Wood 17 May 1863
- Appointment of Goschen as Chancellor of the Duchy of LancasterChancellor of the Duchy of LancasterThe Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster is, in modern times, a ministerial office in the government of the United Kingdom that includes as part of its duties, the administration of the estates and rents of the Duchy of Lancaster...
- Note (1868): Craig refers to Baron R.N. de Rothschild, but Stenton confirms the candidate was Baron L.N. de Rothschild
- Appointment of Goschen as President of the Poor Law Board
- Death of Bell 9 February 1869
Elections in the 1870s
- Note (1874): Craig refers to Baron R.N. de Rothschild, but Stenton confirms the candidate was Baron L.N. de Rothschild
Elections in the 1880s
- Reduction of constituency to two seats, in the 1885 redistribution
Parliament of the United Kingdom election results (2 seats) 1885–1950
| 1880s – 1890s – 1900s – 1910s – 1920s – 1930s – 1940s |
Elections in the 1880s
- Creation of Hubbard as 1st Baron AddingtonBaron AddingtonBaron Addington, of Addington in the County of Buckingham, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 22 July 1887 for the businessman and Conservative Member of Parliament, John Hubbard. He was head of the firm of John Hubbard & Co and also sat as a Member of Parliament for...
Elections in the 1890s
- Death of Baring 2 April 1891
- Death of Fowler 22 May 1891
Elections in the 1900s
- Disqualification of Gibbs for undertaking a contract with the Admiralty
- Resignation of Gibbs
- Resignation of Clarke
Elections in the 1910s
Elections in the 1920s
- Creation of Balfour as 1st Earl of BalfourEarl of BalfourEarl of Balfour is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1922 for the prominent Conservative politician Arthur Balfour. He was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1902 to 1905 and Foreign Secretary from 1916 to 1919...
- Creation of Banbury as 1st Baron Banbury of SouthamBaron Banbury of SouthamBaron Banbury of Southam, in the County of Warwick, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1924 for the businessman and Conservative politician Sir Frederick Banbury, 1st Baronet. He was head of Frederick Banbury and Sons, stockbrokers, and also represented Peckham and...
Elections in the 1930s
- Creation of Grenfell as 1st Baron St JustBaron St JustBaron St Just, of St Just in Penwith, County of Cornwall, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1935 for the banker Edward Grenfell. He was the son of Henry Grenfell, the grandson of Charles Grenfell, the great-grandson of Pascoe Grenfell and the first cousin of...
- Death of Bowater 28 March 1938
Elections in the 1940s
- Resignation of Anderson
- Creation of Broadbridge as 1st Baron BroadbridgeBaron BroadbridgeBaron Broadbridge, of Brighton in the County of Sussex, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1945 for the Conservative politician Sir George Broadbridge, 1st Baronet. He had already been created a Baronet, of Wargrave Place in the County of Sussex, in 1937. The title...
- Constituency abolished 1950
See also
- Duration of English, British and United Kingdom Parliaments from 1660Duration of English, British and United Kingdom Parliaments from 1660This article augments the lists of Parliaments to be found elsewhere with additional information which could not be conveniently incorporated in them....
- List of Parliamentary constituencies in Greater London
- Cities of London and Westminster (UK Parliament constituency)Cities of London and Westminster (UK Parliament constituency)Cities of London and Westminster is a borough constituency covering the area comprising the City of London and southern portion of the City of Westminster in Central London...