Calgary's Chinatown is the fourth largest in Canada

Canada

Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

 after those in Vancouver,
Toronto

Chinatown, Toronto

Chinatown is an ethnic enclave in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, with a high concentration of ethnic Chinese residents and businesses extending along Dundas Street West and Spadina Avenue. First developed in the late 19th century, it is now one of the largest Chinatowns in North America and...

, and Montreal

Chinatown, Montreal

Chinatown in Montreal is located in the area of De la Gauchetière Street in Montreal. The neighborhood contains many Asian restaurants, food markets, and convenience stores as well being home to many of Montreal's East Asian community centres, such as the Montreal Chinese Hospital and the Montreal...

. The size of Calgary

Calgary

Calgary is a city in the Province of Alberta, Canada. It is located in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and prairie, approximately east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies...

's Chinatown

Chinatown

A Chinatown is an ethnic enclave of overseas Chinese people, although it is often generalized to include various Southeast Asian people. Chinatowns exist throughout the world, including East Asia, Southeast Asia, the Americas, Australasia, and Europe. Binondo's Chinatown located in Manila,...

 is indicative of the relatively high proportion of people of Asian

Asian people

Asian people or Asiatic people is a term with multiple meanings that refers to people who descend from a portion of Asia's population.- Central Asia :...

 descent living in the city.

The district is located along Centre Street in the northeast area of Downtown Calgary

Downtown Calgary

Downtown Calgary is a region of central Calgary, Alberta. It is not a single neighbourhood per se, but is actually a larger community containing three neighbourhoods and a number of districts....

 immediately north of the Downtown East Village. Calgary's Chinese Cultural Centre

Chinese Cultural Centre, Calgary

The Chinese Cultural Centre is a building in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It is located on the north-eastern side of downtown and was completed in September 1992....

 with its traditional architecture and decor (styled after the Temple of Heaven

Temple of Heaven

The Temple of Heaven, literally the Altar of Heaven is a complex of Taoist buildings situated in the southeastern part of central Beijing. The complex was visited by the Emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties for annual ceremonies of prayer to Heaven for good harvest...

 in Beijing

Beijing

Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...

 ) is the largest facility of its kind in North America

North America

North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...

. The Dragon City Mall

Dragon City Mall

Dragon City Mall is a shopping mall located in the Chinatown district, Downtown Calgary.The mall was originally an office building but was converted into a mall in the early 1990s.It contains Asian themed venues, varying from China, Japan, and Korea....

 is also located in this district.

The area along Centre Street north of downtown and continuing for several blocks is also very Asian-influenced and is often thought of as the city's second Chinatown. International Avenue

International Avenue, Calgary

International Avenue is a Business Revitalization Zone in Calgary, Alberta. The district is centered on 17th Avenue S.E. in the neighbourhood of Forest Lawn in the east of the city. The district was created in 1993 to celebrate the rich cultural diversity that exists in east central Calgary...

 is also a major multi-ethnic centre in the city's southeast with considerable Asian influence.

The community has an area redevelopment plan

Area redevelopment plan

An Area redevelopment plan is an urban planning designation created by municipalities in Alberta, Canada for the purposes of facilitating development in specific geographic areas. ARPs differ from Area structure plans in that they apply to areas of a municipality that have already been developed...

 in place. The postal code

Canadian postal code

A Canadian postal code is a six-character string that forms part of a postal address in Canada. Like British and Dutch postcodes, Canada's postal codes are alphanumeric. They are in the format A0A 0A0, where A is a letter and 0 is a digit, with a space separating the third and fourth characters...

 in this area is T2G.

History

Chinatown Calgary Celebrates 100 Years
In 2010, Calgary’s Chinatown community celebrates 100 years of challenge, growth and prosperity on its way to becoming Canada’s third largest Chinese community by population and its largest in area. But 100 years marks only the time since Chinatown settled in its permanent home in Calgary. Its actual history dates back to the mid-19th century when the struggles for Calgary’s earliest Chinese citizens were just beginning.

Railroaded by the Canadian Government
Upon completion of the rail line to Canada’s west coast (1885), the Canadian government reneged on its promise to provide Chinese rail workers return fare to their homeland. It also severely curtailed Chinese immigration, by way of a costly $500 head tax, leaving many displaced Chinese workers, predominately men, stranded in a strange land without their families.

Strength in Unity
Compelled to form protective and culturally supportive enclaves with their fellow countrymen, Calgary’s first Chinese community took root beginning in the 1880s in the area of 8th Avenue and Centre Street on Calgary’s eastern edge near the site of today’s Glenbow Museum.
A growing Chinese population, as well as a huge fire in 1886 that consumed much of the original Chinese district, forced the relocation of “Chinatown” south and west to 10th Avenue and 1st Street in the area today known as the “Beltline.”
Less than ten years later, the Canadian Pacific Railway announced its plan to run tracks between ninth and tenth avenues, as well as building The Palliser Hotel (since re-named The Fairmont) and a railway station between Centre and First Street S.W. Again Calgary’s Chinese community was displaced as property owners took advantage of suddenly soaring land values in the area.
In turn, around 1910, several prosperous Chinese merchants bought land in what today is the heart of Chinatown near Second Avenue and Centre Street south. City Council rejected a public call for a deliberately segregated Chinese community and elected only to pass a bylaw regulating sleeping and living space in houses. Over the next decade, many organizations such as the Chinese Public School, Chinese Mission and the Chinese National League were established giving Calgary’s Chinese community substance and a sense of permanency, although at the time its population was considerably less than 1,000.
With the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1947, the City’s Chinese population soared, more than doubling between 1951 and ’61. Many Chinese newcomers, however, opted to live outside “Chinatown” and the community began to fall into disrepair.

Growth Without Vision
Since rising in its present location, Calgary’s Chinatown evolved without any formal development plan. Then, in 1966, Chinatown’s survival was again threatened when the City released a draft Downtown Master Plan which proposed a major freeway, known as the “east-west downtown penetrator” to run as an extension of Bow Trail through downtown between second and third avenues; directly through the heart of Chinatown.
After years of debate, protests and revision, City Council adopted the three-part, Bow Trail Staging Report in February 1970 with construction of the “east-west downtown penetrator” scheduled to begin in 1978.

Taking Control of Destiny
In response to the newly adopted Bow Trail Staging Report with its “east-west downtown penetrator” making community devastation almost a certainty, Chinatown residents, merchants and businessmen rallied together through the leadership of Calgary’s first Chinese-Canadian Alderman and then Member of the Legislature for Calgary McCall, George Holem.
At a packed meeting in the Chinese United Church on November 18, 1973, the Calgary Chinatown Development Task Force (CCDTF) was born, with the full support of the Chinese community. Brian Lee a future Alderman and member of the Legislative Assembly was recruited as its Coordinator. Under the Chairmanship of George Holem, the CCDTF set out to fight the “downtown penetrator” and insure Chinatown’s survival.
Initially, the CCDTF was entirely funded by two Chinese community organizations, the United Calgary Chinatown Association and the Sien Lok Society of Calgary. Sein Lok was formed in 1968 and counts among its many achievements the creation of Chinatown’s Sein Lok Park.
The CCDTF assembled a broad coalition of community leaders who worked for three years to author the Chinatown Design Brief, a comprehensive plan, notable primarily for its exclusion of the east-west downtown penetrator as well as a call for substantial improvements to housing, schools and cultural facilities within its boundaries.
The Chinatown Design Brief was formally approved by City Council on November 9, 1976, ensuring the future integrity of Chinatown. The 30th Anniversary of the approval of the document that saved Chinatown was celebrated on the same date in 2006 with over 30 of the original Task Force members in attendance to receive long overdue recognition for their contributions.

More Victories for Chinatown
The Chinatown Development Task Force also played a role in the building of the Oi Kwan Foundation’s seniors’ housing project and later doubling its capacity as well as the construction of Bowside Manor, a ten-storey public-housing apartment building for low income and elderly Chinese Calgarians.
In a marvellous example of community cooperation, land for the building was secured when George Ho Lem, convinced the Lee Family Association and the Calgary Chinese School, both in aging buildings on either side of a large vacant lot, to pool their resources, purchase the middle vacant lot and develop the entire parcel for the good of the community. The result, Bowside Manor, was approved under the National Housing Act, and opened in April 1980. Management was handed to the Calgary Chinatown Development Foundation where it remains today. In addition to housing hundreds of Chinese tenants, Bowside Manor remains home to the Calgary Chinese School and the Lee Family Association which celebrated its 100th Anniversary on May 23, 2010.
Another of the task force’s achievements was its role as mediator between Chinatown and Canada Public Works when the Federal government expropriated crucial Chinatown land for the planned Harry Hays Federal Building. While the project went ahead as planned, a large number of displaced, low-income Chinatown residents were relocated to significantly improved housing elsewhere.

Chinatown Growth Continues
With numerous elements of the Chinatown Design Brief including dozens of new commercial and apartment buildings, Family Associations and recreation and cultural activity centres such as the Dragon Mall and the Chinese Cultural Centre, (1982) Calgary’s Chinatown is a proud and thriving community that has spilled over its formal boundaries and now occupies most of both sides of Centre Street North and west along 16th Ave.
As 2010 marks the 100th year of Chinatown in its present location, it remains the only Chinatown in Canada identified in local city bylaws. And with Calgary City Council approving a half million dollar budget for Chinatown’s 100th Anniversary, the district called a “festering sore” by the Calgary Herald in 1910 has blossomed like a lotus to become an unlikely success story among Chinatowns in North America.

Demographics

As of 2006, the population of Chinatown was 1,361. Residents in this community had a median household income

Median household income

The median household income is commonly used to generate data about geographic areas and divides households into two equal segments with the first half of households earning less than the median household income and the other half earning more...

 of $

Canadian dollar

The Canadian dollar is the currency of Canada. As of 2007, the Canadian dollar is the 7th most traded currency in the world. It is abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or C$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies...

16,174 in 2000 (the lowest in the city), and there were 57% low income residents living in the neighbourhood.

As of 2000, 92.1% of the residents were immigrants. A proportion of 98.6% of the buildings were condominium

Condominium

A condominium, or condo, is the form of housing tenure and other real property where a specified part of a piece of real estate is individually owned while use of and access to common facilities in the piece such as hallways, heating system, elevators, exterior areas is executed under legal rights...

s or apartment

Apartment

An apartment or flat is a self-contained housing unit that occupies only part of a building...

s, and 86% of the housing was used for renting

Renting

Renting is an agreement where a payment is made for the temporary use of a good, service or property owned by another. A gross lease is when the tenant pays a flat rental amount and the landlord pays for all property charges regularly incurred by the ownership from landowners...

.

External links

• City of Calgary - Chinatown