Charles Marx
Encyclopedia
Louis Charles Marx was a Luxembourg
ian politician for the Communist Party of Luxembourg
. He was a physician
by profession, and fought for the French Resistance
during the Second World War
.
He had very well succeeded in his medical studies in Paris starting as an intern (1929), to become chief of clinical surgery, then a laureate of the Académie Nationale de Médecine
and finally a member of the Committee of the French Association of Surgery (1935). He founded his own hospital, of 50 beds, in Ettelbruck
, in north-western Luxembourg. There, in 1940, he helped two interned French airmen to escape to France. Charles Marx escaped himself, with his family, just before the German invasion. He briefly directed four French hospitals, in Nevers
and Quillan
. In July, he founded the first resistance group of the Armée secrète
, which, in May 1943, was followed by a first maquis
in the western Pyrenees
. In June 1943, he was condemned to death in absentia
in Montpellier
by the Nazis.
In February 1944, Charles Marx was appointed medical commander of the FFI
and chief health manager of the Resistance in the oriental Pyrenees. In September 1944, he took part in the liberation of Lyon
. In October, being the delegate of the medical resistance council, he was named attaché to the Health Minister and was charged to organise French-American military surgical structures. At the end of July, he took up the management of the Ettelbruck hospital. In November 1945, he was nominated Minister for Public Health in Luxembourg.
Marx participated in the National Union Government
under Prime Minister Pierre Dupong, representing the Communist Party in the all-party administration. However, Marx and his Romanian wife died on 13 June 1946 in a car accident
at La Ferté-sous-Jouarre
, in France
. He was replaced by Dominique Urbany.
Luxembourg
Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...
ian politician for the Communist Party of Luxembourg
Communist Party of Luxembourg
The Communist Party of Luxembourg , abbreviated to KPL or PCL, is a communist political party in Luxembourg.Ali Ruckert is the current chairman of the party.- History :...
. He was a physician
Physician
A physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...
by profession, and fought for the French Resistance
French Resistance
The French Resistance is the name used to denote the collection of French resistance movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during World War II...
during the Second World War
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
.
He had very well succeeded in his medical studies in Paris starting as an intern (1929), to become chief of clinical surgery, then a laureate of the Académie Nationale de Médecine
Académie Nationale de Médecine
Académie Nationale de Médecine, or National Academy of Medicine was created in 1820 by king Louis XVIII at the urging of baron Antoine Portal. At its inception, the institution was known as the Académie Royale de Médecine...
and finally a member of the Committee of the French Association of Surgery (1935). He founded his own hospital, of 50 beds, in Ettelbruck
Ettelbruck
Ettelbruck is a commune with city status in central Luxembourg, with a population of approximately 7,500. As of 2005, the town of Ettelbruck itself, which lies in the east of the commune, has a population of 6,191. The town of Warken and Grentzingen are also within the commune...
, in north-western Luxembourg. There, in 1940, he helped two interned French airmen to escape to France. Charles Marx escaped himself, with his family, just before the German invasion. He briefly directed four French hospitals, in Nevers
Nevers
Nevers is a commune in – and the administrative capital of – the Nièvre department in the Bourgogne region in central France...
and Quillan
Quillan
Quillan is a commune in the Aude department in southern France.-Geography:Quillan is located at the foothills of the Pyrenees, on the road between Carcassonne and Perpignan....
. In July, he founded the first resistance group of the Armée secrète
Armée secrète
The Armée secrète, created in 1943, was an organisation of French resistance fighters during World War II set up by Jean Moulin. It resulted from an amalgamation of three smaller resistance groups:*Combat*Libération-Sud*Franc-Tireur...
, which, in May 1943, was followed by a first maquis
Maquis (World War II)
The Maquis were the predominantly rural guerrilla bands of the French Resistance. Initially they were composed of men who had escaped into the mountains to avoid conscription into Vichy France's Service du travail obligatoire to provide forced labour for Germany...
in the western Pyrenees
Pyrenees
The Pyrenees is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between France and Spain...
. In June 1943, he was condemned to death in absentia
In absentia
In absentia is Latin for "in the absence". In legal use, it usually means a trial at which the defendant is not physically present. The phrase is not ordinarily a mere observation, but suggests recognition of violation to a defendant's right to be present in court proceedings in a criminal trial.In...
in Montpellier
Montpellier
-Neighbourhoods:Since 2001, Montpellier has been divided into seven official neighbourhoods, themselves divided into sub-neighbourhoods. Each of them possesses a neighbourhood council....
by the Nazis.
In February 1944, Charles Marx was appointed medical commander of the FFI
French Forces of the Interior
The French Forces of the Interior refers to French resistance fighters in the later stages of World War II. Charles de Gaulle used it as a formal name for the resistance fighters. The change in designation of these groups to FFI occurred as France's status changed from that of an occupied nation...
and chief health manager of the Resistance in the oriental Pyrenees. In September 1944, he took part in the liberation of Lyon
Lyon
Lyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais....
. In October, being the delegate of the medical resistance council, he was named attaché to the Health Minister and was charged to organise French-American military surgical structures. At the end of July, he took up the management of the Ettelbruck hospital. In November 1945, he was nominated Minister for Public Health in Luxembourg.
Marx participated in the National Union Government
National Union Government (1945)
The National Union Government was a form of national government that governed the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg between 1945 and 13 February 1947, in the direct aftermath of the Second World War. During the war, Luxembourg was invaded, occupied, and annexed by Nazi Germany...
under Prime Minister Pierre Dupong, representing the Communist Party in the all-party administration. However, Marx and his Romanian wife died on 13 June 1946 in a car accident
Car accident
A traffic collision, also known as a traffic accident, motor vehicle collision, motor vehicle accident, car accident, automobile accident, Road Traffic Collision or car crash, occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction,...
at La Ferté-sous-Jouarre
La Ferté-sous-Jouarre
La Ferté-sous-Jouarre is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne département in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.It is located at a crossing point over the River Marne between Meaux and Château-Thierry.-History:...
, in France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. He was replaced by Dominique Urbany.