Académie Nationale de Médecine
Encyclopedia
Académie Nationale de Médecine, or National Academy of Medicine was created in 1820 by king Louis XVIII at the urging of baron Antoine Portal
. At its inception, the institution was known as the Académie Royale de Médecine (or Royal Academy of Medicine). This academy was endowed with the legal status of two institutions which preceded it — the Académie Royale de Chirurgie (or Royal Academy of Surgery), which was created in 1731 and of the Companie Royale de Médecine (or Royal Society of Medicine), which was created in 1776.
, where it was located until 1850. The office was then relocated to a vaulted hall of the The Hospital of Charity
on rue Saint Pierre.
Their current facility on Rue Bonaparte
was designed by famed French architect
, J Rochet, and was constructed between 1899 and 1902.
of 1820 (formally known as Ordonnance de 1820) was signed by Louis XVIII. The edict issued the following missions to the Académie Royale de Médecine:
" This Academy is especially instituted to respond to all requests coming from the government on all subjects that may concern public health, and mainly on epidemics, diseases specific to a country, epizooties, diverse fields of legal medicine, propagation of antivariolic vaccination, appraisal of new and secret, internal as well as external, medications, natural or man-made mineral waters, etc..."
"The Academy will moreover take charge of the works of the Companie royale de médecine and the Académie Royale de chirurgie in all fields of study or research which can contribute to the improvement of the art of healing."
Consequently, all registers and papers belonging to the Companie royale de médecine and the Académie Royale de chirurgie and related to the tasks assigned to the Academies, will be transmitted as Archves to the new Academy."
Antoine Portal
Baron Antoine Portal was a French anatomist, doctor, medical historian and founding president of the Académie Nationale de Médecine. Born on January 5 1742 in Gaillac, he was the eldest of 12 siblings...
. At its inception, the institution was known as the Académie Royale de Médecine (or Royal Academy of Medicine). This academy was endowed with the legal status of two institutions which preceded it — the Académie Royale de Chirurgie (or Royal Academy of Surgery), which was created in 1731 and of the Companie Royale de Médecine (or Royal Society of Medicine), which was created in 1776.
Background
Academy members initially convened at the Paris Faculty of Medicine (or Faculté de Médecine de Paris). Four years later, the Academy acquired its own headquarters, in the form of a mansion at PoitiersPoitiers
Poitiers is a city on the Clain river in west central France. It is a commune and the capital of the Vienne department and of the Poitou-Charentes region. The centre is picturesque and its streets are interesting for predominant remains of historical architecture, especially from the Romanesque...
, where it was located until 1850. The office was then relocated to a vaulted hall of the The Hospital of Charity
Hôpital de la Charité
Hôpital de la Charité was a hospital in Paris founded in the 17th century and closed in 1935.-History:In 1606, Marie de Médicis invited the Brothers Hospitallers of St. John of God to come to France. The Abbot of Saint-Germain-des-Prés granted them the use of its former Saint-Père chapel, which...
on rue Saint Pierre.
Their current facility on Rue Bonaparte
Rue Bonaparte
Rue Bonaparte is a street in the 6th arrondissement of Paris. It was named after Napoleon I on 12 August 1852....
was designed by famed French architect
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
, J Rochet, and was constructed between 1899 and 1902.
Renaming
The institution name has been changed several times since its creation. The following provides a timeline for the various names taken on by the institution:- Académie Royale de Médecine (1820 - 1851);
- Académie Impériale de Médecine (1852 - (1947);
- Académie Nationale de Médecine (1947 - present).
Edict
The edictEdict
An edict is an announcement of a law, often associated with monarchism. The Pope and various micronational leaders are currently the only persons who still issue edicts.-Notable edicts:...
of 1820 (formally known as Ordonnance de 1820) was signed by Louis XVIII. The edict issued the following missions to the Académie Royale de Médecine:
" This Academy is especially instituted to respond to all requests coming from the government on all subjects that may concern public health, and mainly on epidemics, diseases specific to a country, epizooties, diverse fields of legal medicine, propagation of antivariolic vaccination, appraisal of new and secret, internal as well as external, medications, natural or man-made mineral waters, etc..."
"The Academy will moreover take charge of the works of the Companie royale de médecine and the Académie Royale de chirurgie in all fields of study or research which can contribute to the improvement of the art of healing."
Consequently, all registers and papers belonging to the Companie royale de médecine and the Académie Royale de chirurgie and related to the tasks assigned to the Academies, will be transmitted as Archves to the new Academy."
Some famous members
- Victor BabeşVictor BabesVictor Babeș was a Romanian physician, biologist, and one of the earliest bacteriologists. He made early and significant contributions to the study of rabies, leprosy, diphtheria, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases....
- Albert BessonAlbert BessonAlbert Besson was a French hygienist, physician and member of the French Academy of Medicine.-Biography:In 1916, as officer cadet, he was seriously injured at the fort Vaux, during the battle of Verdun, after saving wounded soldiers, and at first, was considered as dead *.On the way to recovery,...
- André ChantemesseAndré ChantemesseAndré Chantemesse was a French bacteriologist born in Le Puy-en-Velay, Haute-Loire.From 1880 to 1885 he served as interne des hôpitaux in Paris, earning his doctorate in 1884 with a dissertation on adult tuberculous meningitis titled Étude sur la méningite tuberculeuse de l'adulte : les formes...
- Georges DuhamelGeorges DuhamelGeorges Duhamel , was a French author, born in Paris. Duhamel trained as a doctor, and during World War I was attached to the French Army. In 1920, he published Confession de minuit , the first of a series featuring the anti-hero Salavin...
- François Henri HallopeauFrançois Henri HallopeauFrançois Henri Hallopeau was a French dermatologist. He studied medicine under Alfred Vulpian and Sigismond Jaccoud. He co-founded and was secretary general of the Société Française de dermatologie et de syphiligraphie. He became a member of the Académie de Médecine in 1893.He coined the medical...
- Ahmed Taleb IbrahimiAhmed Taleb IbrahimiDr. Ahmed Taleb Ibrahimi is an Algerian politician, visionary and intellectual.He is the son of Islamic theologian and renowned scholar Bashir Ibrahimi, and served in multiple ministerial roles in Algeria from the 1960s until the late 1980s...
- Sigismond JaccoudSigismond JaccoudSigismond Jaccoud was a Swiss physician, born November 29, 1830, Geneva; died 1913.Sigismond Jaccoud was born in 1830 in Geneva, where he went to school and was educated in music and the science of literature. In 1849 he went to Paris to study medicine - and supported himself in that city teaching...
- Mary Putnam JacobiMary Corinna Putnam JacobiMary Corinna Putnam was an American physician, writer, and suffragist who was the first woman to become a member of the Faculté de Médecine de Paris.-Biography:...
- Antoine Joseph Jobert de LamballeAntoine Joseph Jobert de LamballeAntoine Joseph Jobert de Lamballe was a French surgeon. He was born at Matignon, studied medicine at Paris, and in 1830 became surgeon at the Hôpital Saint-Louis...
- Antoine Germain LabarraqueAntoine Germain LabarraqueAntoine-Germain Labarraque was a French chemist and pharmacist, notable for formulating and finding important uses for "Eau de Labarraque" or "Labarraque's solution", a solution of sodium hypochlorite widely used as a disinfectant and deodoriser.Labarraque's use of sodium and calcium hypochlorite...
- Constantin LevaditiConstantin LevaditiConstantin Levaditi was a Romanian physician and microbiologist, a major figure in virology and immunology .-Biography:...
- Jean Quenu
- Joseph-Ignace GuillotinJoseph-Ignace GuillotinDr. Joseph-Ignace Guillotin was a French physician who proposed on 10 October 1789 the use of a device to carry out death penalties in France. While he did not invent the guillotine, and in fact opposed the death penalty, his name became an eponym for it...