Celery mosaic virus
Encyclopedia
Celery mosaic virus is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus
and the virus family Potyviridae
.
In California (USA), mosaic diseases of celery
(Apium graveolens) were reported as early as 1922 . In time it became clear that there were at least two different viruses causing mosaic diseases with similar symptoms in celery.
These two viruses were first differentiated by host range . One of the viruses had a wide host range and was named Southern celery mosaic. The second had a host range restricted to the family Umbelliferae (Apiaceae
) and was called Western celery mosaic. Continued research showed that the Southern mosaic virus was actually an isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus
and Western celery mosaic eventually became known simply as Celery mosaic virus.
is the most common host of this virus. As the name implies this virus causes a mosaic or mottling in the leaves of celery. There can also be malformation of leaflets. In older leaves chorotic/necrotic spots may occur and the plants can be stunted. (see symptoms description )
In addition to celery, this virus has been identified in other important crops in the Apiaceae
including carrot
s (Daucus carota), coriander
(Coriandrum sativum), parsley
(Petroselinum crispum), parsnip
(Pastinaca sativa), and dill
(Anethum graveolens). It has also been identified in several weed species in the Apiaceae
family, including poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) , mock bishopweed (Ptilimnium
capillaceum) and wild cherry (Apium leptophyllum) .
There is some confusion in the literature as to whether CeMV can infect hosts in the family Chenopodiaceae
. In 2002, a paper reporting the results of a survey in Australia found three different but related potyviruses infecting species of the Apiaceae in Australia, CeMV, Carrot virus Y (CarVY) , and Apium virus Y
(ApVY). Both CarVY and ApVY have been shown to infect one or more species of Chenopodium. The latter reference, reporting ApVY infecting celery in New Zealand, found the plants to be doubly infected with CeMV and ApVY and the authors suggested that CeMV “may mask the presence of ApVY”. It is possible that one or both of these viruses have been undetected in mixed infections with CeMV in some of the past studies. With sequence data now available for both CarVY and ApVY this ambiguity may be cleared up in time.
(its mouthparts) and transfer it quickly to the next plant it probes. The virus can also be transmitted mechanically by tools and machinery. There is no evidence of seed transmission.
Recommendations for management of this disease are summarized in a fact sheet from Western Australia on Celery mosaic virus. (See page 2 of reference for recommendations and page 3 and 4 for pictures of symptoms in celery.)
Potyvirus
Potyviruses infect plants and belong to the family Potyviridae. The genus is named after the type virus - Potato Virus Y.The Potyvirus, like the Begomoviruses, have ~30% of the currently known plant viruses and have at least 180 definitive and possible members...
and the virus family Potyviridae
Potyviridae
The Potyviridae are a family of plant viruses. They are . Their genome is composed of positive-sense RNA which is surrounded by a protein coat made up of a single viral encoded protein called a capsid. All induce the formation of virus inclusion bodies called in their hosts...
.
In California (USA), mosaic diseases of celery
Celery
Apium graveolens is a plant species in the family Apiaceae commonly known as celery or celeriac , depending on whether the petioles or roots are eaten: celery refers to the former and celeriac to the latter. Apium graveolens grows to 1 m tall...
(Apium graveolens) were reported as early as 1922 . In time it became clear that there were at least two different viruses causing mosaic diseases with similar symptoms in celery.
These two viruses were first differentiated by host range . One of the viruses had a wide host range and was named Southern celery mosaic. The second had a host range restricted to the family Umbelliferae (Apiaceae
Apiaceae
The Apiaceae , commonly known as carrot or parsley family, is a group of mostly aromatic plants with hollow stems. The family is large, with more than 3,700 species spread across 434 genera, it is the sixteenth largest family of flowering plants...
) and was called Western celery mosaic. Continued research showed that the Southern mosaic virus was actually an isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus
Cucumber mosaic virus
Cucumber mosaic virus is a plant pathogenic virus in the family Bromoviridae.It is the type member of the plant virus genus, Cucumovirus. This virus has a worldwide distribution and a very wide host range. In fact it has the reputation of having the widest host range of any known plant virus...
and Western celery mosaic eventually became known simply as Celery mosaic virus.
Symptoms and Host Range
CeleryCelery
Apium graveolens is a plant species in the family Apiaceae commonly known as celery or celeriac , depending on whether the petioles or roots are eaten: celery refers to the former and celeriac to the latter. Apium graveolens grows to 1 m tall...
is the most common host of this virus. As the name implies this virus causes a mosaic or mottling in the leaves of celery. There can also be malformation of leaflets. In older leaves chorotic/necrotic spots may occur and the plants can be stunted. (see symptoms description )
In addition to celery, this virus has been identified in other important crops in the Apiaceae
Apiaceae
The Apiaceae , commonly known as carrot or parsley family, is a group of mostly aromatic plants with hollow stems. The family is large, with more than 3,700 species spread across 434 genera, it is the sixteenth largest family of flowering plants...
including carrot
Carrot
The carrot is a root vegetable, usually orange in colour, though purple, red, white, and yellow varieties exist. It has a crisp texture when fresh...
s (Daucus carota), coriander
Coriander
Coriander is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae. Coriander is native to southern Europe and North Africa to southwestern Asia. It is a soft, hairless plant growing to tall. The leaves are variable in shape, broadly lobed at the base of the plant, and slender and feathery higher on the...
(Coriandrum sativum), parsley
Parsley
Parsley is a species of Petroselinum in the family Apiaceae, native to the central Mediterranean region , naturalized elsewhere in Europe, and widely cultivated as an herb, a spice and a vegetable.- Description :Garden parsley is a bright green hairless biennial herbaceous plant in temperate...
(Petroselinum crispum), parsnip
Parsnip
The parsnip is a root vegetable related to the carrot. Parsnips resemble carrots, but are paler than most carrots and have a sweeter taste, especially when cooked. The buttery, slightly spicy, sweet flavor of cooked mature parsnips is reminiscent of butterscotch, honey, and subtle cardamom...
(Pastinaca sativa), and dill
Dill
Dill is a perennial herb. It is the sole species of the genus Anethum, though classified by some botanists in a related genus as Peucedanum graveolens C.B.Clarke.-Growth:...
(Anethum graveolens). It has also been identified in several weed species in the Apiaceae
Apiaceae
The Apiaceae , commonly known as carrot or parsley family, is a group of mostly aromatic plants with hollow stems. The family is large, with more than 3,700 species spread across 434 genera, it is the sixteenth largest family of flowering plants...
family, including poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) , mock bishopweed (Ptilimnium
Ptilimnium
Ptilimnium is a genus of plants of the family Apiaceae. The common name is "mock bishopweed" or "mock bishop's weed"....
capillaceum) and wild cherry (Apium leptophyllum) .
There is some confusion in the literature as to whether CeMV can infect hosts in the family Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodiaceae were a family of flowering plants, also called the Goosefoot Family. They are now included within family Amaranthaceae. The vast majority of Chenopods are weeds, and many are salt and drought tolerant. A few food crops also belong to the family: spinach, beets, chard, quinoa, and...
. In 2002, a paper reporting the results of a survey in Australia found three different but related potyviruses infecting species of the Apiaceae in Australia, CeMV, Carrot virus Y (CarVY) , and Apium virus Y
Apium virus Y
Apium virus Y is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae .Apium virus Y is a recently described member of the potyvirus family. It was first found in Australia in 2002 in poison hemlock...
(ApVY). Both CarVY and ApVY have been shown to infect one or more species of Chenopodium. The latter reference, reporting ApVY infecting celery in New Zealand, found the plants to be doubly infected with CeMV and ApVY and the authors suggested that CeMV “may mask the presence of ApVY”. It is possible that one or both of these viruses have been undetected in mixed infections with CeMV in some of the past studies. With sequence data now available for both CarVY and ApVY this ambiguity may be cleared up in time.
Geographic Distribution
The geographic distribution of this virus is probably worldwide. In North America, besides California (USA), it has been reported in Florida and in Ontario, Canada . In Europe it has been reported in the UK , France , Germany , Italy , the Netherlands and in the former Czechoslovakia . In South America it has been identified in Argentina , Brazil , and Chile . It has also been identified in Japan , Australia and New Zealand .Transmission and Disease Management
Celery mosaic, like most potyviruses, is non-persistently transmitted by aphids. This means that the aphid can pick up the virus on its styletStylet
A stylet is a hard, sharp, anatomical structure found in some invertebrates.For example, the word stylet or stomatostyle, is used for the primitive piercing mouthparts of some nematodes and some nemerteans...
(its mouthparts) and transfer it quickly to the next plant it probes. The virus can also be transmitted mechanically by tools and machinery. There is no evidence of seed transmission.
Recommendations for management of this disease are summarized in a fact sheet from Western Australia on Celery mosaic virus. (See page 2 of reference for recommendations and page 3 and 4 for pictures of symptoms in celery.)
External links
- ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Celery mosaic virus
- Descriptions of Plant Viruses : Celery mosaic virus
- Plant Viruses Online – VIDE Database : Celery mosaic virus