Carol Gilligan
Encyclopedia
Carol Gilligan is an American
feminist
, ethicist
, and psychologist
best known for her work with and against Lawrence Kohlberg
on ethical community and ethical relationship
s, and certain subject-object problem
s in ethics. She is currently a Professor at New York University
and a Visiting Professor at the University of Cambridge
. She is best known for her 1982 work, In a Different Voice
.
. She was the only child of a lawyer, William Friedman, and nursery school teacher, Mabel Caminez. She played piano and pursued a career in modern dance during her graduate studies. Gilligan received her B.A. summa cum laude in English literature
from Swarthmore College
, a master's degree in clinical psychology
from Radcliffe College
, and a Ph.D. in social psychology
from Harvard University
. http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/gilligan.html
She began her teaching career at Harvard University
in 1967, receiving tenure with the Harvard Graduate School of Education
in 1988. Gilligan taught for two years at the University of Cambridge
(from 1992–1994) as the Pitt Professor of American History and Institutions
. In 1997, she was appointed to the Patricia Albjerg Graham Chair in Gender Studies.http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/gilligan.html
Gilligan left Harvard in 2002 to join New York University
as a full professor with the School of Education and the School of Law. http://www.nyu.edu/publicaffairs/newsreleases/b_gilligan.shtml She is currently a visiting professor with the University of Cambridge (Centre for Gender Studies).http://www.mtholyoke.edu/offices/comm/news/newsfull.shtml?nomy=1&node=5561645&full=1
She is married to James Gilligan, M.D., who directed the Center for the Study of Violence at Harvard Medical School. http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/1997/09.25/Gilliganapionee.html
, Gilligan studied women’s psychology and girls’ development and co-authored or edited a number of texts with her students. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/offices/comm/news/newsfull.shtml?node=5561645 She published her first novel, Kyra in 2008. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18056129 http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/03/books/review/Thomas-t.html
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
feminist
Feminism
Feminism is a collection of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and equal opportunities for women. Its concepts overlap with those of women's rights...
, ethicist
Ethicist
An ethicist is one whose judgment on ethics and ethical codes has come to be trusted by a specific community, and is expressed in some way that makes it possible for others to mimic or approximate that judgement...
, and psychologist
Psychologist
Psychologist is a professional or academic title used by individuals who are either:* Clinical professionals who work with patients in a variety of therapeutic contexts .* Scientists conducting psychological research or teaching psychology in a college...
best known for her work with and against Lawrence Kohlberg
Lawrence Kohlberg
Lawrence Kohlberg was a Jewish American psychologist born in Bronxville, New York, who served as a professor at the University of Chicago, as well as Harvard University. Having specialized in research on moral education and reasoning, he is best known for his theory of stages of moral development...
on ethical community and ethical relationship
Ethical relationship
An ethical relationship, in most theories of ethics that employ the term, is a basic and trustworthy relationship that one has to another human being, that cannot necessarily be characterized in terms of any abstraction other than trust and common protection of each other's body...
s, and certain subject-object problem
Subject-object problem
The subject–object problem, a longstanding philosophical issue, is concerned with the analysis of human experience, and of what within experience is "subjective" and what is "objective."...
s in ethics. She is currently a Professor at New York University
New York University
New York University is a private, nonsectarian research university based in New York City. NYU's main campus is situated in the Greenwich Village section of Manhattan...
and a Visiting Professor at the University of Cambridge
University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in both the United Kingdom and the English-speaking world , and the seventh-oldest globally...
. She is best known for her 1982 work, In a Different Voice
In a Different Voice
In a Different Voice is a 1982 text on gender studies by American professor Carol Gilligan.Harvard University Press has described this text as “the little book that started a revolution.” In this text, she criticized Kohlberg's stages of moral development of children which argued that girls on...
.
Background and career
Carol Gilligan was raised in a Jewish family in New York CityNew York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
. She was the only child of a lawyer, William Friedman, and nursery school teacher, Mabel Caminez. She played piano and pursued a career in modern dance during her graduate studies. Gilligan received her B.A. summa cum laude in English literature
English literature
English literature is the literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English by writers not necessarily from England; for example, Robert Burns was Scottish, James Joyce was Irish, Joseph Conrad was Polish, Dylan Thomas was Welsh, Edgar Allan Poe was American, J....
from Swarthmore College
Swarthmore College
Swarthmore College is a private, independent, liberal arts college in the United States with an enrollment of about 1,500 students. The college is located in the borough of Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 11 miles southwest of Philadelphia....
, a master's degree in clinical psychology
Clinical psychology
Clinical psychology is an integration of science, theory and clinical knowledge for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development...
from Radcliffe College
Radcliffe College
Radcliffe College was a women's liberal arts college in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and was the coordinate college for Harvard University. It was also one of the Seven Sisters colleges. Radcliffe College conferred joint Harvard-Radcliffe diplomas beginning in 1963 and a formal merger agreement with...
, and a Ph.D. in social psychology
Social psychology
Social psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. By this definition, scientific refers to the empirical method of investigation. The terms thoughts, feelings, and behaviors include all...
from Harvard University
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country...
. http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/gilligan.html
She began her teaching career at Harvard University
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country...
in 1967, receiving tenure with the Harvard Graduate School of Education
Harvard Graduate School of Education
The Harvard Graduate School of Education is one of the graduate schools of Harvard University, and is one of the top schools of education in the United States. It was founded in 1920, the same year it invented the Ed.D...
in 1988. Gilligan taught for two years at the University of Cambridge
University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in both the United Kingdom and the English-speaking world , and the seventh-oldest globally...
(from 1992–1994) as the Pitt Professor of American History and Institutions
Pitt Professor of American History and Institutions
The Pitt Professorship of American History and Institutions was established on 5 February 1944 from a sum of £44,000 received from the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press in 1943 and augmented by a further £5,000 in 1946...
. In 1997, she was appointed to the Patricia Albjerg Graham Chair in Gender Studies.http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/gilligan.html
Gilligan left Harvard in 2002 to join New York University
New York University
New York University is a private, nonsectarian research university based in New York City. NYU's main campus is situated in the Greenwich Village section of Manhattan...
as a full professor with the School of Education and the School of Law. http://www.nyu.edu/publicaffairs/newsreleases/b_gilligan.shtml She is currently a visiting professor with the University of Cambridge (Centre for Gender Studies).http://www.mtholyoke.edu/offices/comm/news/newsfull.shtml?nomy=1&node=5561645&full=1
She is married to James Gilligan, M.D., who directed the Center for the Study of Violence at Harvard Medical School. http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/1997/09.25/Gilliganapionee.html
Awards
- 1992 Grawemeyer AwardGrawemeyer AwardThe Grawemeyer Awards are five awards given annually by the University of Louisville in the state of Kentucky, United States. The prizes are presented to individuals in the fields of education, ideas improving world order, music composition, religion, and psychology...
in Education - 1996 Time Magazine - one of the 25 most influential Americans
- 1998 4th Annual Heinz AwardHeinz AwardThe Heinz Award is an award currently given annually to ten honorees by the Heinz Family Foundation. The Heinz Awards recognize outstanding individuals for their contributions in the five areas of: Arts and Humanities, the Environment, the Human Condition, Public Policy, and Technology, the Economy...
in the Human Condition
Books
Best known for her work, In a Different VoiceIn a Different Voice
In a Different Voice is a 1982 text on gender studies by American professor Carol Gilligan.Harvard University Press has described this text as “the little book that started a revolution.” In this text, she criticized Kohlberg's stages of moral development of children which argued that girls on...
, Gilligan studied women’s psychology and girls’ development and co-authored or edited a number of texts with her students. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/offices/comm/news/newsfull.shtml?node=5561645 She published her first novel, Kyra in 2008. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18056129 http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/03/books/review/Thomas-t.html
List
- In a Different VoiceIn a Different VoiceIn a Different Voice is a 1982 text on gender studies by American professor Carol Gilligan.Harvard University Press has described this text as “the little book that started a revolution.” In this text, she criticized Kohlberg's stages of moral development of children which argued that girls on...
, Harvard University PressHarvard University PressHarvard University Press is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing. In 2005, it published 220 new titles. It is a member of the Association of American University Presses. Its current director is William P...
, (1982) - Mapping the Moral Domain: A Contribution of Women's Thinking to Psychological Theory and Education, Harvard University Press, (1989)
- Making Connections: The Relational Worlds of Adolescent Girls at Emma Willard School, Harvard University Press, (1990)
- Meeting at the Crossroads: Women's Psychology and Girls' Development, Harvard University Press, (1992)
- Between Voice and Silence: Women and Girls, Race and Relationships, Harvard University Press, (1997)
- The Birth of Pleasure, Knopf, (2002)
- Kyra, Random HouseRandom HouseRandom House, Inc. is the largest general-interest trade book publisher in the world. It has been owned since 1998 by the German private media corporation Bertelsmann and has become the umbrella brand for Bertelsmann book publishing. Random House also has a movie production arm, Random House Films,...
, (2008) - The Deepening Darkness: Patriarchy, Resistance, & Democracy's Future, Cambridge University PressCambridge University PressCambridge University Press is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by Henry VIII in 1534, it is the world's oldest publishing house, and the second largest university press in the world...
, (2009) (with co-author David A.J. Richards) - a dramatic adaptation of the novel The Scarlet Letter, co-written with her son Jonathan and produced by Prime Stage TheatrePrime Stage TheatrePrime Stage Theatre is a professional theatre company located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania dedicated to creating educational theatrical productions for middle school and high school students...
in November 2011
See also
- Kohlberg's stages of moral developmentKohlberg's stages of moral developmentLawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development constitute an adaptation of a psychological theory originally conceived of by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget...
- Mental disorders and gender
- Ethics of careEthics of careThe ethics of care is a normative ethical theory; that is, a theory about what makes actions right or wrong. It is one of a cluster of normative ethical theories that were developed by feminists in the second half of the twentieth century...
External links
- Biography of Gilligan at Webster UniversityWebster UniversityWebster University is an American non-profit private university with its main campus in Webster Groves, a suburb of St. Louis, Missouri. Webster University is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission and is a member of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools...
- 2008 Commencement Speech (Mount Holyoke CollegeMount Holyoke CollegeMount Holyoke College is a liberal arts college for women in South Hadley, Massachusetts. It was the first member of the Seven Sisters colleges, and served as a model for some of the others...
) - Conversation with Carol Gilligan