Carol Bernstein Ferry - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Birth and Education

Carol Bernstein was born Carol Underwood on July 29, 1924 in upstate New York, but, from the time she was four, she grew up in Portland, Maine, where her mother’s family was located. Ms. Bernstein graduated from Wells College, and then she moved to Manhattan, where she worked as a writer, editor, and secretary for various publishing companies, including McGraw-Hill

McGraw-Hill

The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., is a publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, education, publishing, broadcasting, and business services...

First Marriage

In 1953, she married Daniel Bernstein

DJB Foundation

The DJB Foundation, a progressive social change philanthropy, was founded in 1948 by Daniel J. Bernstein . With his death in 1970 almost five-million dollars came to the foundation. Its most active period began in 1971 when the Board of Directors decided that all assets would be given away within...

, a stockbroker who had inherited a large sum of money upon his father’s death. Although she grew up in a rather apolitical family, Ms. Bernstein became increasingly radical by adopting many of her husband’s views about left-wing politics.

In an interview conducted in the 1990s, Ms. Bernstein Ferry speaks of her first marriage, presenting a picture of a lovely New York housewife who was largely uneducated in the ways of the world. In one interview, she laughingly recounts how Mr. Bernstein tried to teach her to record their personal finances, saying, “ . . . [He] started teaching me double entry bookkeeping

Double-entry bookkeeping system

A double-entry bookkeeping system is a set of rules for recording financial information in a financial accounting system in which every transaction or event changes at least two different nominal ledger accounts....

. . . This huge book spread out on the floor and it had lines going in every direction and little tiny numbers, that I started to cry and he closed the book and that was the last time we ever discussed my being the bookkeeper for the family.”

Until Daniel Bernstein’s death in 1970, in fact, Ms. Bernstein ran her household simply knowing that there was plenty of money for everything. It wasn’t until she read his will that she discovered she had six million dollars in a foundation and another sixteen million in personal funds.

Philanthropy and Second Marriage

This, then, was the beginning of Ms. Bernstein’s legacy of philanthropy

Philanthropy

Philanthropy etymologically means "the love of humanity"—love in the sense of caring for, nourishing, developing, or enhancing; humanity in the sense of "what it is to be human," or "human potential." In modern practical terms, it is "private initiatives for public good, focusing on quality of...

. Rather than wanting to accrue more riches, she says that “. . . with a little hasty arithmetic, which took me only an hour and a half, I realized that in order to stay even and not have an increase or decrease, I had to give away two thousand dollars a day for ever . . .” Throughout the rest of her life, Ms. Bernstein and her second husband, W.H. “Ping” Ferry

Wilbur H. Ferry

Wilbur H. Ferry was an American activist and philanthropist. He was born in Detroit on December 17, 1910. He attended the University of Detroit High School where he was a star football player. After high school, Ferry went on to Dartmouth College, earning his A.B degree in 1932. He worked as an...

gave away vast sums of money, and they are still remembered by many of the organizations they helped to get started.

Death

Carol Bernstein Ferry died on June 9, 2001 in an act that aligned with her views of human rights. Having been diagnosed with terminal cancer, Ms. Bernstein Ferry prepared her own obituary, a call to the world to allow physician-assisted suicide

Voluntary euthanasia

Voluntary euthanasia refers to the practice of ending a life in a painless manner...

for the terminally ill, wrote a longer letter explaining her choices, and swallowed a handful of sleeping pills in the presence of her family members.

In her farewell letter to the world, Carol Bernstein Ferry wrote, “I’ve had a lucky life. I’ve had a lot of joy; I’ve had enough sorrow to know that I’m a member in good standing of the human race; I have tried to make myself useful.” The many paid obituaries published in national newspapers upon her death show that, for many people, she did succeed in making a difference. One such notice, written by Marie Runyon, reads, “As generous and gutsy a human being as ever walked the earth. Loved humankind, especially those whom most try to avoid. A mind and heart of the rarest kind.”

Foundation Beginnings

The Daniel J. Bernstein Foundation

DJB Foundation

was founded by Daniel Bernstein in 1946. Rather than creating this foundation for philanthropic causes, Mr. Bernstein created it simply as a way to keep the inheritance he received from his father safe until he could decide what to do with it. Mr. Bernstein and his wife Carol used money from the DJB Foundation

DJB Foundation

for various small expenses over the course of their marriage; but it wasn’t until the start of the Vietnam War

Vietnam War

The Vietnam War was a Cold War-era military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. This war followed the First Indochina War and was fought between North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of...

, which Mr. Bernstein vehemently opposed, that the foundation found its niche in the world of leftist politics. Unfortunately, Mr. Bernstein was not able to bring the war to an end by buying up whole-page ads in local and national newspapers that gave people his informed perspective on the war.

Philanthropic Giving

By the time Mr. Bernstein died of leukemia

Leukemia

Leukemia or leukaemia is a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of immature white blood cells called "blasts". Leukemia is a broad term covering a spectrum of diseases...

in 1970, six million dollars remained in the DJB Foundation, and his widow decided that it was time to spend all the money. Ms. Bernstein Ferry says, “So, in 1970 I started trying to shovel [the money] out, with not very much success because I just didn’t know what I was doing.” When she discovered how little she knew about being a successful philanthropist, Ms. Bernstein brought three other people into the mix: Steve Abrams, the Bernstein’s long-time personal and business accountant, Robert S. Browne, a black economist interested in the fight against AIDS

AIDS

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus...

and in economic recovery programs for black farmers, and W. H. “Ping” Ferry

Wilbur H. Ferry

, who had worked for the Ford Foundation and who would later become Carol Bernstein’s second husband.

Rather than creating a foundation that would last into perpetuity, this team of four decided that they were going to spend all the money. The goal was to be out of money in ten years, but the money was spent in about four and a half. In an interview, Ms. Bernstein Ferry says that she wanted to spend all the money because they could know the needs of the present but not of the future and because she simply felt better as more of the money disappeared.

Foundation Goals

Thus began the interesting way in which the Ferrys, as many would later refer to them, gave out money. Rather than writing checks to major organizations for thousands of dollars, the DJB Foundation focused on “the empowering of small groups [and] individual people” by giving out smaller amounts to individuals and to grassroots organizations

Grassroots

A grassroots movement is one driven by the politics of a community. The term implies that the creation of the movement and the group supporting it are natural and spontaneous, highlighting the differences between this and a movement that is orchestrated by traditional power structures...

. The idea behind this style of giving was that a large sum of money can “corrupt and distort” the goals of an organization, but all it takes to get something started or to keep it going is a few hundred dollars.

Throughout the five years of foundation giving, the four philanthropists focused on human rights, economic recovery, and the anti-war effort. The foundation gave money to many large groups who were covers for “dissenters and resistors,” and when the Foundation could not give more money to the political lobbying groups because of non-profit giving restrictions, Carol Bernstein – later with the help of her husband W.H. "Ping" Ferry – wrote personal checks for what she called “regular money.”

Foundation Support

Although DJB Foundation focused mainly on smaller groups and smaller checks, it did regularly support a few larger efforts with larger amounts of money. These groups included the Inter-Religious Foundation for Community Organization

Interreligious Foundation for Community Organization

The Interreligious Foundation for Community Organization is an international religious community whose aim is to ensure justice for the oppressed peoples of the world...

, the Youth Project, and San Francisco’s Young Adult Projects.

Personal Giving of the Ferrys

After W.H. and Carol Ferry spent out the entire DJB Foundation, they started following the same path with the personal funds Carol had inherited from her first husband. Although the Ferrys used these funds during the time of the DJB Foundation to give to supplement the Foundation's giving, it was not until the foundation was depleted that they started on their own funds in earnest.

Philanthropic Goals

For the most part, Mr. and Mrs. Ferry followed the same pattern with their personal giving as with their foundation giving: they tended to give small amounts to grassroots organizations. One difference, though, was that the couple wrote many checks for the general living expenses of individuals and organizations. In an oral history, Carol states that this was because it is typically difficult for organizations to raise money for basic expenses instead of major projects.

Throughout the duration of their personal giving, the Ferrys focused largely on the same types of organizations – and many of exactly the same organizations – that had been the focus of the DJB Foundation. Their giving went to lots of left-wing political groups and many groups who were seeking to do some specific good in their communities or the world at large. The Ferrys also gave some funds to education, the arts, and animal rights, although they did not focus on these areas as much since these organizations usually had no trouble raising funds.

The Ferrys said that they often spent time skimming newspaper articles for noteworthy organizations or individuals who needed money, and they would often write checks without being asked. For instance, the Ferrys once supported a doctor in a small, poor, all-black neighborhood who was running his own clinic there; the doctor had never even heard of the Ferrys when until he received their first check, and they continued to support him for several years.

Where They Gave

Although the Ferrys rarely wrote checks for more than two or three thousand dollars at a time, they gave larger amounts – sometimes more than $25,000 a year – to major companies who were doing work the Ferrys considered very important. Another prerequisite for these large checks was that the company had to have a large enough budget that the Ferrys' money would help without creating a situation in which leadership could be corrupted by a huge new influx of funds. Some of the organizations the Ferrys continually supported include:

The Africa Fund
Africa Action
Africa Action is a national human rights nonprofit organization based in Washington, DC, working to change U.S.-Africa relations to promote political, economic and social justice in nations of Africa. They provide accessible information and analysis, and mobilize popular support for campaigns to...
The American Civil Liberties Union Foundation
American Civil Liberties Union
The American Civil Liberties Union is a U.S. non-profit organization whose stated mission is "to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person in this country by the Constitution and laws of the United States." It works through litigation, legislation, and...
The Center for Constitutional Rights
Center for Constitutional Rights
Al Odah v. United States:Al Odah is the latest in a series of habeas corpus petitions on behalf of people imprisoned at the Guantanamo Bay detention center. The case challenges the Military Commissions system’s suitability as a habeas corpus substitute and the legality, in general, of detention at...
The Emergency Land Fund
The Twenty-First Century Foundation
The Fund for Peace
Fund for Peace
The Fund for Peace is an independent Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit research and educational institution. Founded in 1957, FfP, a non-governmental organization, "works to prevent violent conflict and promote sustainable security.”...

The Ferrys supported literally hundreds of individuals and organizations over the years, and after Ping’s death in 1995, Carol continued writing checks, although the numbers and amounts dwindled over the years as the Ferrys’ personal funds ran down. After Ping’s death, Mrs. Bernstein Ferry continued to support organizations such as the Advocacy Institute; the Agape Foundation, which sought for non-violent social change; the Albany, NY Friends Foundation; the Aleph Alliance for Jewish Renewal

Jewish Renewal

Jewish Renewal , is a recent movement in Judaism which endeavors to reinvigorate modern Judaism with mystical, Hasidic, musical and meditative practices...

; the Westchester Rutman Special Olympics

Special Olympics

Special Olympics is the world's largest sports organization for children and adults with intellectual disabilities, providing year-round training and competitions to more than 3.1 million athletes in 175 countries....

; and the Alternatives to Violence Project

Alternatives to Violence Project

The Alternatives to Violence Project is a volunteer-run conflict transformation program. Teams of trained AVP facilitators conduct experiential workshops to develop participants' abilities to resolve conflicts without resorting to manipulation, coercian, or violence. Typically, each workshop...

, among many, many others.

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