Carl Eytel
Encyclopedia
Carl A. Eytel was a German-American artist living in Palm Springs, California
Palm Springs, California
Palm Springs is a desert city in Riverside County, California, within the Coachella Valley. It is located approximately 37 miles east of San Bernardino, 111 miles east of Los Angeles and 136 miles northeast of San Diego...

, known for his paintings and drawings
Drawing
Drawing is a form of visual art that makes use of any number of drawing instruments to mark a two-dimensional medium. Common instruments include graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons, charcoal, chalk, pastels, markers, styluses, and various metals .An artist who...

 of desert landscapes
Natural landscape
A natural landscape is a landscape that is unaffected by human activity. A natural landscape is intact when all living and nonliving elements are free to move and change. The nonliving elements distinguish a natural landscape from a wilderness. A wilderness includes areas within which natural...

.

Life

Eytel was born to a wealthy family in Württemberg, Germany, and as a teenager became enamored of the American West. He first traveled to the United States in 1885 and worked as a ranch hand in Kansas. After returning to Germany to study art in Germany for 18 months, he immigrated to the United States and eventually settled in Palm Springs in 1898. Living in cabins he built himself
Self-build
"Self-build" is the practice of creating an individual home for yourself through a variety of different methods. The term 'self build' is specifically used in the UK and Ireland when an individual obtains a building plot and then builds their own home on that plot...

, Palm Springs remained his home.

"Creative Brotherhood"

Along with author J. Smeaton Chase
J. Smeaton Chase
J. Smeaton Chase was an English author and photographer.Joseph Smeaton Chase has become an integral part of California literature: revered for his poignant descriptions of California landscapes...

 naturalist
Naturalist
Naturalist may refer to:* Practitioner of natural history* Conservationist* Advocate of naturalism * Naturalist , autobiography-See also:* The American Naturalist, periodical* Naturalism...

 Edmund C. Jaeger, and author Charles Francis Sanders, Eytel was a core member of what University of Arizona
University of Arizona
The University of Arizona is a land-grant and space-grant public institution of higher education and research located in Tucson, Arizona, United States. The University of Arizona was the first university in the state of Arizona, founded in 1885...

 Professor Peter Wild called a "Creative Brotherhood" that lived in Palm Springs in the early 20th Century. Other Brotherhood members included cartoonist and painter Jimmy Swinnerton, author George Wharton James
George Wharton James
George Wharton James was a prolific popular lecturer and journalist, writing more than 40 books and many articles and pamphlets on California and the American Southwest....

, and photographers Fred Clatsworthy and Stephen H. Willard. The men lived near each other (like Eytel, Jaeger built his own cabin), traveled together throughout the Southwest, helped with each others' works, and exchanged photographs which appeared in their various books. At the American entry into World War I
American entry into World War I
American entry into World War I came in April 1917, after 2½ years of efforts by President Woodrow Wilson to keep the United States neutral. Americans had no idea that a war was approaching in 1914...

 Englishman Chase and Eytel experienced antagonism, but reconciled when peace was achieved. Even after Chase married the wealthy Isabel White, they remained friends and the men continued to exchange letters. Eytel served as their "spiritual figurehead".

The Brotherhood lasted from 1915 when Jaeger, who was the teacher in the Palm Springs one-room school house, met Eytel and Chase. It ended in 1923 when Chase died. In 1924, after completing his studies at Occidental College
Occidental College
Occidental College is a private, coeducational liberal arts college located in the Eagle Rock neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. Founded in 1887, Occidental College, or "Oxy" as it is called by students and alumni, is one of the oldest liberal arts colleges on the West Coast...

 in Los Angeles, Jaeger began a 30 year teaching career at Riverside Junior College in Riverside, California
Riverside, California
Riverside is a city in Riverside County, California, United States, and the county seat of the eponymous county. Named for its location beside the Santa Ana River, it is the largest city in the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario metropolitan area of Southern California, 4th largest inland California...

. Recalling his time with Eytel, Jaeger said:

Smoketree School

Journalist Ann Japenga has characterized Eytel's work as "Smoketree School" - a school so-named because of a favorite desert art subject, the smoketree
Psorothamnus spinosus
Psorothamnus spinosus, known as the Smokethorn, Smoketree, Smoke tree, Indigobush, Smokethorn dalea, and Corona de Cristo, is a perennial legume tree common to the desert washes of the southern part of California, Arizona, and most of Baja California, including islands in the northern Sea of Cortez-...

. The school has origins with Alson S. Clark
Alson S. Clark
Alson S. Clark was an American Impressionist painter best remembered for his impressionist landscapes. Born in Chicago, Illinois, his art education included training at the Art Institute of Chicago , the Art Students League of New York, and in the atelier of William Merritt Chase...

 and Jack Frost, who were influenced by French impressionist Monet. Other Smoketree artists include Carl Bray, Fred Chisnall, Maynard Dixon
Maynard Dixon
Maynard Dixon was a 20th-century American artist whose body of work focused on the American West. He was married for a time to American photographer Dorothea Lange.-Biography:...

, Clyde Forsythe, Sam Hyde Harris, John Hilton, R. Brownell McGrew, Agnes Pelton
Agnes Lawrence Pelton
Agnes Lawrence Pelton was a modernist painter who was born in Stuttgart, Germany to American parents, William Halsey Pelton and Florence Pelton. She lived in Rotterdam, Holland from 1882 to 1884 and in Basel, Switzerland from 1884 to 1888. She relocated to Brooklyn after her father’s death in 1890...

, Hanson Puthuff
Hanson Puthuff
Hanson Duvall Puthuff was a landscape painter and muralist, born in Waverly, Missouri. Puthuff studied at the Art Institute of Chicago before moving to Colorado in 1889 to study at University of Denver Art School...

 and Swinnerton.

Work

While living for the most part as a "desert rat
Desert rat
Desert Rat or desert rat or its plural may refer to:* The Desert Rats, nickname for the British 7th Armoured Division* The Desert Rats, 1953 war film starring Richard Burton* Desert rat, old name for the Sumal...

" and starving artist
Starving artist
A starving artist is an artist who sacrifices material well-being in order to focus on their artwork. They typically live on minimum expenses, either for a lack of business or because all their disposable income goes toward art projects....

, he both traveled alone throughout the American Southwest and accompanied Chase and Swinnerton on their travels and illustrated
Illustrator
An Illustrator is a narrative artist who specializes in enhancing writing by providing a visual representation that corresponds to the content of the associated text...

 several books on desert subjects. He was the illustrator for James' two volume The Wonders of the Colorado Desert
Colorado Desert
California's Colorado Desert is a part of the larger Sonoran Desert, which extends across southwest North America. The Colorado Desert region encompasses approximately , reaching from the Mexican border in the south to the higher-elevation Mojave Desert in the north and from the Colorado River in...

. The collaboration on the book lasted from 1903 to 1907.

Besides his work in The Wonders of the Colorado Desert, Eytel contributed to the best periodicals, including the New Yorker Staats-Zeitung. His hundreds of drawings of native palms
Arecaceae
Arecaceae or Palmae , are a family of flowering plants, the only family in the monocot order Arecales. There are roughly 202 currently known genera with around 2600 species, most of which are restricted to tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate climates...

 alone became his trademark.

Subjects

The subjects of Eytel's work were varied and included:
  • Landscapes of, or near:
    • Ehrenberg, Arizona
      Ehrenberg, Arizona
      Ehrenberg, also historically spelled "Ehrenburg" is a census-designated place in La Paz County, Arizona, United States. The population was 1,357 at the 2000 census. Ehrenberg is named for Herman Ehrenberg ....

    • Algodones, including the Pilot Knob
      Pilot Knob (Imperial County, California)
      Pilot Knob is a peak in Imperial County, California.Pilot Knob is located southeast of Ogilby, It rises to an elevation of...

       landmark, Imperial County, California
    • Palo Verde, Arizona
      Palo Verde, Arizona
      Palo Verde is a small unincorporated community in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. It is located about 40 miles west of Phoenix, and 6 miles southwest of downtown Buckeye....

    • San Jacinto National Forest
      San Jacinto National Forest
      San Jacinto National Forest was established as the San Jacinto Forest Reserve by the General Land Office in California on February 22, 1897 with . After the transfer of federal forests to the U.S. Forest Service in 1905, it became a National Forest on March 4, 1907...

      , California
  • Mountain scenes, including:
    • Oak Creek Canyon
      Oak Creek Canyon
      Oak Creek Canyon is a river gorge located along the Mogollon Rim in northern Arizona located between the cities of Flagstaff and Sedona. The canyon is often described as a smaller cousin of the Grand Canyon because of its scenic beauty...

      , within Coconino National Forest
      Coconino National Forest
      The Coconino National Forest is a 1.856-million acre United States National Forest located in northern Arizona in the vicinity of Flagstaff. Originally established in 1898 as the "San Francisco Mountains National Forest Reserve", the area was designated a U.S...

      , Arizona
    • Mt. San Gorgonio, California
    • Mt. San Jacinto, California
    • Royal Gorge
      Royal Gorge
      The Royal Gorge is a canyon on the Arkansas River near Cañon City, Colorado. With a width of at its base and a few hundred feet at its top, and a depth of in places, the 10-mile-long canyon is a narrow, steep gorge through the granite of Fremont Peak...

      , Colorado
    • San Francisco Peaks
      San Francisco Peaks
      The San Francisco Peaks are a volcanic mountain range located in north central Arizona, just north of Flagstaff.The highest summit in the range, Humphreys Peak, is the highest point in the state of Arizona at in elevation. The San Francisco Peaks are the remains of an eroded stratovolcano...

       near Flagstaff, Arizona
      Flagstaff, Arizona
      Flagstaff is a city located in northern Arizona, in the southwestern United States. In 2010, the city's population was 65,870. The population of the Metropolitan Statistical Area was at 134,421 in 2010. It is the county seat of Coconino County...

    • Sentinel Rock
      Sentinel Rock
      For the granite dome near Glacier Point, Yosemite National Park, see Sentinel Dome.Sentinel Rock is a granitic peak in Yosemite National Park, California, United States. It towers over Yosemite Valley, opposite from Yosemite Falls....

       and Cathedral Spires in Yosemite Valley
      Yosemite Valley
      Yosemite Valley is a glacial valley in Yosemite National Park in the western Sierra Nevada mountains of California, carved out by the Merced River. The valley is about long and up to a mile deep, surrounded by high granite summits such as Half Dome and El Capitan, and densely forested with pines...

      , California
    • Tahquitz Peak, near Idyllwild, California
    • Twin Buttes, Navajo County, Arizona
      Navajo County, Arizona
      -2010:Whereas according to the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau:*49.3% White*0.9% Black*43.4% Native American*0.5% Asian*0.1% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander*2.5% Two or more races*3.3% Other races*10.8% Hispanic or Latino -2000:...

  • Spanish missions:
    • Mission San Gabriel Arcángel
      Mission San Gabriel Arcángel
      The Mission San Gabriel Arcángel is a fully functioning Roman Catholic mission and a historic landmark in San Gabriel, California. The settlement was founded by Spaniards of the Franciscan order on "The Feast of the Birth of Mary," September 8, 1771, as the fourth of what would become 21 Spanish...

      , California
    • Mission San José de Tumacácori
      Mission San José de Tumacacori
      Mission San José de Tumacácori is a historic Spanish mission preserved in its present form by Franciscans in 1828. Mission San Cayetano del Tumacácori was established by Jesuits in 1691 in a different location, as has been discussed by Seymour who has documented and excavated this original native...

      , in the Tumacácori National Historical Park
      Tumacácori National Historical Park
      Tumacácori National Historical Park is located in the upper Santa Cruz River Valley of southern Arizona. The park protects the ruins of three Spanish mission communities, two of which are National Historic Landmark sites, and it also contains the Tumacácori Museum, a historic landmark building...

       near Nogales, Arizona
      Nogales, Arizona
      Nogales is a city in Santa Cruz County, Arizona, United States. The population was 21,017 at the 2010 census. According to 2005 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city is 20,833. The city is the county seat of Santa Cruz County....

       (pre-restoration)
    • Mission San Juan Capistrano
      Mission San Juan Capistrano
      Mission San Juan Capistrano was a Spanish mission in Southern California, located in present-day San Juan Capistrano. It was founded on All Saints Day November 1, 1776, by Spanish Catholics of the Franciscan Order...

      , California
  • Scenes of Indians and Indian life from the Navajo
    Navajo
    Navajo or Navaho may refer to:* Navajo people* Navajo Nation, the governmental entity of the Navajo people* Navajo language, spoken by the Navajo people-Places in the United States:* Navajo, San Diego, California* Navajo, New Mexico...

    , Hopi
    Hopi
    The Hopi are a federally recognized tribe of indigenous Native American people, who primarily live on the Hopi Reservation in northeastern Arizona. The Hopi area according to the 2000 census has a population of 6,946 people. Their Hopi language is one of the 30 of the Uto-Aztecan language...

    , Cahuilla
    Cahuilla
    The Cahuilla, Iviatim in their own language, are Indians with a common culture whose ancestors inhabited inland areas of southern California 2,000 years ago. Their original territory included an area of about . The traditional Cahuilla territory was near the geographic center of Southern California...

    , Serrano
    Serrano
    -People:* Serrano , a Native American tribe of Southern California** The Serrano language spoken by the Serrano people*Serrano , people with the surname Serrano-Places:*Serrano Intermediate School, in Lake Forest, CA...

     and Kamia tribes, including some of the New Mexico Eight Northern Pueblos
    Eight Northern Pueblos
    The Eight Northern Pueblos of New Mexico are Taos, Picuris, Santa Clara, San Juan, San Ildefonso, Nambé, Pojoaque, and Tesuque.Taos and Picuris are Tiwa-speaking pueblos; the rest speak Tewa. Tiwa and Tewa are closely related languages of the Kiowa Tanoan language family...

     in San Ildefonso
    San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico
    San Ildefonso Pueblo is a census-designated place in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States. It is part of the Santa Fe, New Mexico Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 458 at the 2000 census...

    , Laguna
    Laguna Pueblo
    Laguna is a Native American tribe of the Pueblo people in west-central New Mexico, USA. The name, Laguna, is Spanish and derives from the lake located on their reservation. The real Keresan name of the tribe is Kawaik. The population of the tribe exceeds 7,000 , making it the largest Keresan...

    , Tesuque
    Tesuque, New Mexico
    Tesuque is a census-designated place in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States. It is part of the Santa Fe, New Mexico, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 909 at the 2000 census...

     and Taos
    Taos Pueblo
    Taos Pueblo is an ancient pueblo belonging to a Taos speaking Native American tribe of Pueblo people. It is approximately 1000 years old and lies about north of the modern city of Taos, New Mexico, USA...

    • The Walpi Pueblo on First Mesa
      First Mesa, Arizona
      First Mesa is a census-designated place in Navajo County, Arizona, United States, on the Hopi Reservation. As of the 2000 census, the CDP population was 1,124, spread among three Hopi and Arizona Tewa villages atop the 5,700-foot mesa: Hano , Sitsomovi , and Waalpi .-Geography:First Mesa...

      , Hopi Reservation
      Hopi Reservation
      The Hopi Reservation, or simply Hopi, is a Native American reservation for the Hopi and Arizona Tewa people, surrounded entirely by the Navajo Nation, in Navajo and Coconino counties of Arizona, USA. The site in north-eastern Arizona has a land area of 2,531.773 sq mi and as of the 2000 census had...

      , Arizona
    • Cocopah Indians near Calexico, California
      Calexico, California
      Calexico is a city in Imperial County, California. The population was 38,572 at the 2010 census, up from 27,109 at the 2000 census. Calexico is about east of San Diego and west of Yuma, Arizona...

  • Scenes of the American Old West
    American Old West
    The American Old West, or the Wild West, comprises the history, geography, people, lore, and cultural expression of life in the Western United States, most often referring to the latter half of the 19th century, between the American Civil War and the end of the century...

     including:
    • Prospectors working the Anaconda (Dale District) and Manana (Colorado River) mines in Arizona and the famous Picacho
      Picacho, California
      Picacho is an unincorporated community in Imperial County, California. It is located on the Colorado River south-southeast of Palo Verde, at an elevation of 203 feet .Picacho, now a ghost town, was an early mining town on the Colorado River...

       gold mine
    • The Rancho Guajome Adobe
      Rancho Guajome Adobe
      Rancho Guajome Adobe, listed in the National Register of Historic Places as Guajome Ranch House, is an adobe house in Vista, California...

       near Encinitas, California
      Encinitas, California
      Encinitas is a coastal beach city in San Diego County, California. Located within Southern California, it is approximately north of San Diego in North County and about south of Los Angeles. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 59,518, up from 58,014 at the 2000 census. Encinitas is...

    • Sierra Bonita Ranch
      Sierra Bonita Ranch
      Sierra Bonita Ranch is a site in Arizona that is significant for its association with Colonel Henry C. Hooker's cattle ranch, the first permanent American cattle ranch in Arizona, located near present-day Willcox, Arizona overlooking the Sulphur Springs Valley...

       near Fort Grant, Arizona
      Fort Grant, Arizona
      Fort Grant, located in the U.S. state of Arizona, is a state prison and a former United States Army fortification. Fort Grant began its life as an Old West outpost in Arizona Territory, built in 1860 at Aravaipa Canyon originally as Camp Grant.-History:...

    • Turn of the century Tuscon, Arizona
    • The Yuma Territorial Prison
      Yuma Territorial Prison
      The Yuma Territorial Prison was a prison in the Arizona Territory of the United States and now in present day Yuma, Arizona. The Territorial Prison is one of the Yuma Crossing and Associated Sites on the National Register of Historic Places in the Yuma Crossing National Heritage Area.The site is...

      , Yuma, Arizona
      Yuma, Arizona
      Yuma is a city in and the county seat of Yuma County, Arizona, United States. It is located in the southwestern corner of the state, and the population of the city was 77,515 at the 2000 census, with a 2008 Census Bureau estimated population of 90,041....


Honors

As Eytel was a good friend of the Agua Caliente Indians
Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians
The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians of the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation is a federally recognized tribe of Cahuilla Indians, located in Riverside County, California.-Reservation:...

, after he died of tuberculosis in a Banning, California
Banning, California
-2010:The 2010 United States Census reported that Banning had a population of 29,603. The population density was 1,281.6 people per square mile . The racial makeup of Banning was 19,164 White, 2,165 African American, 641 Native American, 1,549 Asian, 39 Pacific Islander, 4,604 from other...

 sanatorium
Sanatorium
A sanatorium is a medical facility for long-term illness, most typically associated with treatment of tuberculosis before antibiotics...

, he received an honored burial place in their cemetery in Palm Springs.

Eytel received the following eulogy from Saunders writing in August 1926:
His painting Desert near Palm Springs (1914) is displayed in the California History Room of the California State Library
California State Library
The California State Library collects, preserves, generates and disseminates a wide array of information. It was founded in 1850 by the California State Legislature. Today, it is the central reference and research library for state government and the Legislature. The California State Library...

.

The desert shrub amphipappus fremontii was given the common name
Common name
A common name of a taxon or organism is a name in general use within a community; it is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism...

 eytelia in his honor. The short "Via Eytel" in Palm Springs was named in his honor, as was the short "Eytel Road" in nearby Cathedral City
Cathedral City, California
Cathedral City is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 51,200 at the 2010 census. Sandwiched between Palm Springs and Rancho Mirage, it is one of the cities in the Coachella Valley of southern California...

.

Eytel's other contributions

University of California, Riverside, Jaeger Collection

See also

Art topics
  • California Plein-Air Painting
    California Plein-Air Painting
    The term California Plein-Air Painting describes the large movement of 20th century California artists who worked out of doors, directly from nature in California, United States. Their work became popular in the San Francisco Bay Area and Southern California in the first three decades after the...

    • California Plein-Air Revival
      California Plein-Air Revival
      The California Plein-Air Revival is an art movement that began in the 1980s and its artists were inspired by the revival of interest in the works of the California Plein-Air School of 1900-1940...

  • Illustration
    Illustration
    An illustration is a displayed visualization form presented as a drawing, painting, photograph or other work of art that is created to elucidate or dictate sensual information by providing a visual representation graphically.- Early history :The earliest forms of illustration were prehistoric...

    • Book illustration
      Book illustration
      The book illustration is specific type of illustration, which appears in books. Some of modern illustrations are performed by American Society of Children's Book Writers and Illustrators....

  • Tonalism
    Tonalism
    Tonalism was an artistic style that emerged in the 1880s when American artists began to paint landscape forms with an overall tone of colored atmosphere or mist. Between 1880 and 1915, dark, neutral hues such as gray, brown or blue, often dominated compositions by artists associated with the style...

    • California Tonalism
      California Tonalism
      California Tonalism was art movement that existed in California from circa 1890 to 1920. Tonalist are usually intimate works, painted with a limited palette. Tonalist paintings are softly expressive, suggestive rather than detailed, often depicting the landscape at twilight or evening, when...

    • Tonal Impressionism
      Tonal Impressionism
      Tonal Impressionism is an art historical term that refers to works of art that are "mood" paintings with simplified compositions, done in a limited range of colors, as with Tonalist works, but using the brighter, more chromatic palette of Impressionism...


Desert topics
  • Coachella Valley
    Coachella Valley
    Coachella Valley is a large valley landform in Southern California. The valley extends for approximately 45 miles in Riverside County southeast from the San Bernardino Mountains to the saltwater Salton Sea, the largest lake in California...

  • Deserts of California
  • Desert Rat Scrap Book
    Desert Rat Scrap Book
    The Desert Rat Scrap Book was a quarterly, southwestern humor publication based in Thousand Palms, California. DRSB was published in editions of 10,000 to 20,000 copies, whenever its creator, Harry Oliver had sufficient material, and money enough to pay the printer...

    - a publication (1945-1967) devoted to "Desert Rat" topics
  • Sonora Desert


Further reading

- Chase's book was originally published in 1913. A descriptive narrative which includes his time with Eytel.
University of California, Riverside, Rivera Library

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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