Canton 10
Encyclopedia
Canton 10 or County 10 is the tenth canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
, located in the western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina
. The capital of County and its president is in Kupres
. The local government seat is in Livno
, while the assembly is in Tomislavgrad
.
and Serbian
, the term kanton is used, while in Croatian
the term županija is used. The canton is officially referred by the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
as Canton 10/County 10 (Kanton 10 or Županija 10). The local government however refers to it as the Herzeg-Bosnian County (Hercegbosanska županija) and uses that name in the local constitution. It references the self-proclaimed entity of Herzeg-Bosnia that existed during the Bosnian war
. This name has been deemed unconstitutional by the Federation Constitutional Court partly because it "does not cover any part of the traditional region of Herzegovina
". That geographic proof is however disputed since the borders of Herzegovina
are not strictly geographically, and especially not legally determined. Other names used at the national level include West Bosnia Canton/County (Zapadnobosanski kanton, Zapadnobosanska županija) and Livno Canton (Livanjski kanton), after its capital.
The flag and coat of arms of the canton were the same as the flag and coat of arms of the former Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia
. West Herzegovina canton
, another canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also used this flag and coat of arms. These symbols were deemed unconstitutional by the Federation Constitutional Court, because "it only represented one group". The local government, however, continues using them. The coat of arms is used at plates at the official instituitions. Due the name and symbols dispute, the local police up to this day has no official badges.
fields characterize the County geographically.
, Bosansko Grahovo
, Glamoč
(with Serbian majority) and Kupres
, Livno
, Tomislavgrad
(with Croatian majority). Local government has 8 ministries and all of them are placed in Livno.
The largest ethnic group is Croats
, the second Serbs
, and third Bosniaks
. Three municipalities have an ethnic Croat majority (Kupres
, Livno
, Tomislavgrad
), and three have an ethnic Serb majority (Drvar
, Bosansko Grahovo
, Glamoč
).
In 2003, the population numbered 83,701 people, including:
The exact demographic composition is not known because there has been no census since 1991 and there was significant population migration during the war.
and near following counties: West Hercegovina County, Una-Sana County, Central Bosnia County and Herzegovina-Neretva County. It is situated in the western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina and is also situated near the Serb entity in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The main center of the county is in the city of Livno
which is the biggest city in the county. In the County there are big fields like the Livno field
s, there are big lakes like the Busko lake and the Kupres lake. There are green forests and high mountains like near Kupres
, a city where many tourists (mostly from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina) go to ski in the winter.
There are high mountains in this County and the mountains makes a natural border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. There are also mountains near Kupres and in other central parts of the County.
Due to economic reasons (insufficient County revenues compared to expenses) unification with West Herzegovina County has been proposed.
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of the two political entities that compose the sovereign country of Bosnia and Herzegovina . The two entities are delineated by the Inter-Entity Boundary Line...
, located in the western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
. The capital of County and its president is in Kupres
Kupres (town)
Kupres is a town and municipality in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The town is located in the Canton 10, also known as the Hercegbosanski Kanton or Hercegbosanska županija and is the north-western most town in Hercegovina.- Position :Kupres is 43 km distanced from...
. The local government seat is in Livno
Livno
Livno is a town in western Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, located between Tomislavgrad, Glamoč, Bosansko Grahovo, Kupres and the Croatian border.- Position :...
, while the assembly is in Tomislavgrad
Tomislavgrad
Tomislavgrad is a town and municipality in southwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is in the Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Herzegovina region.- Name :...
.
Names, symbols and controversy
In BosnianBosnian language
Bosnian is a South Slavic language, spoken by Bosniaks. As a standardized form of the Shtokavian dialect, it is one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina....
and Serbian
Serbian language
Serbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....
, the term kanton is used, while in Croatian
Croatian language
Croatian is the collective name for the standard language and dialects spoken by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighbouring countries...
the term županija is used. The canton is officially referred by the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of the two political entities that compose the sovereign country of Bosnia and Herzegovina . The two entities are delineated by the Inter-Entity Boundary Line...
as Canton 10/County 10 (Kanton 10 or Županija 10). The local government however refers to it as the Herzeg-Bosnian County (Hercegbosanska županija) and uses that name in the local constitution. It references the self-proclaimed entity of Herzeg-Bosnia that existed during the Bosnian war
Bosnian War
The Bosnian War or the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between April 1992 and December 1995. The war involved several sides...
. This name has been deemed unconstitutional by the Federation Constitutional Court partly because it "does not cover any part of the traditional region of Herzegovina
Herzegovina
Herzegovina is the southern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. While there is no official border distinguishing it from the Bosnian region, it is generally accepted that the borders of the region are Croatia to the west, Montenegro to the south, the canton boundaries of the Herzegovina-Neretva...
". That geographic proof is however disputed since the borders of Herzegovina
Herzegovina
Herzegovina is the southern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. While there is no official border distinguishing it from the Bosnian region, it is generally accepted that the borders of the region are Croatia to the west, Montenegro to the south, the canton boundaries of the Herzegovina-Neretva...
are not strictly geographically, and especially not legally determined. Other names used at the national level include West Bosnia Canton/County (Zapadnobosanski kanton, Zapadnobosanska županija) and Livno Canton (Livanjski kanton), after its capital.
The flag and coat of arms of the canton were the same as the flag and coat of arms of the former Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia
Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia
The Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia was an unrecognised entity in Bosnia and Herzegovina that existed between 1991 and 1994 during the Bosnian war. It was proclaimed on November 18, 1991 under the name Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia, and claimed to be a separate or distinct "political,...
. West Herzegovina canton
West Herzegovina Canton
The West Herzegovina Canton or West Herzegovina County is one of the 10 cantons of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Geography and population:It is located in the south of the country. It has a total area of 1,362 km2 and 81,523 inhabitants...
, another canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also used this flag and coat of arms. These symbols were deemed unconstitutional by the Federation Constitutional Court, because "it only represented one group". The local government, however, continues using them. The coat of arms is used at plates at the official instituitions. Due the name and symbols dispute, the local police up to this day has no official badges.
Geography
The area of the County is 4,934.1 km², a tenth of the surface of Bosnia-Herzegovina and cca 19% of the Federation. The density population is 18.24/km². Rugged and wide karstKARST
Kilometer-square Area Radio Synthesis Telescope is a Chinese telescope project to which FAST is a forerunner. KARST is a set of large spherical reflectors on karst landforms, which are bowlshaped limestone sinkholes named after the Kras region in Slovenia and Northern Italy. It will consist of...
fields characterize the County geographically.
Administration
It includes 6 municipalities: DrvarDrvar
Drvar is a town and municipality in western Bosnia and Herzegovina, located on the road between Bosansko Grahovo and Bosanski Petrovac, also near Glamoč. It is administratively part of Canton 10 of the Federation....
, Bosansko Grahovo
Bosansko Grahovo
Bosansko Grahovo is a town and municipality in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located near the border with Croatia, near the towns of Drvar, Livno and Glamoč...
, Glamoč
Glamoc
Glamoč is a town and municipality of the same name in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is in Canton 10, in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
(with Serbian majority) and Kupres
Kupres
Kupres can refer to:* Kupres, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a town and municipality in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina* Kupres, Republika Srpska, a municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina...
, Livno
Livno
Livno is a town in western Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, located between Tomislavgrad, Glamoč, Bosansko Grahovo, Kupres and the Croatian border.- Position :...
, Tomislavgrad
Tomislavgrad
Tomislavgrad is a town and municipality in southwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is in the Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Herzegovina region.- Name :...
(with Croatian majority). Local government has 8 ministries and all of them are placed in Livno.
Demographics
At the 1991 census, 115,726 people inhabited the County; at present, there are about 90,000.The largest ethnic group is Croats
Croats
Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
, the second Serbs
Serbs
The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
, and third Bosniaks
Bosniaks
The Bosniaks or Bosniacs are a South Slavic ethnic group, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a smaller minority also present in other lands of the Balkan Peninsula especially in Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia...
. Three municipalities have an ethnic Croat majority (Kupres
Kupres
Kupres can refer to:* Kupres, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a town and municipality in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina* Kupres, Republika Srpska, a municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina...
, Livno
Livno
Livno is a town in western Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, located between Tomislavgrad, Glamoč, Bosansko Grahovo, Kupres and the Croatian border.- Position :...
, Tomislavgrad
Tomislavgrad
Tomislavgrad is a town and municipality in southwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is in the Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Herzegovina region.- Name :...
), and three have an ethnic Serb majority (Drvar
Drvar
Drvar is a town and municipality in western Bosnia and Herzegovina, located on the road between Bosansko Grahovo and Bosanski Petrovac, also near Glamoč. It is administratively part of Canton 10 of the Federation....
, Bosansko Grahovo
Bosansko Grahovo
Bosansko Grahovo is a town and municipality in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located near the border with Croatia, near the towns of Drvar, Livno and Glamoč...
, Glamoč
Glamoc
Glamoč is a town and municipality of the same name in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is in Canton 10, in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
).
In 2003, the population numbered 83,701 people, including:
- 66,138 Croats (79.0%)
- 10,377 Serbs (12.4%)
- 6,860 Bosniaks (8.2%)
The exact demographic composition is not known because there has been no census since 1991 and there was significant population migration during the war.
Geography
The County is situated near the border with CroatiaCroatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
and near following counties: West Hercegovina County, Una-Sana County, Central Bosnia County and Herzegovina-Neretva County. It is situated in the western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina and is also situated near the Serb entity in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The main center of the county is in the city of Livno
Livno
Livno is a town in western Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, located between Tomislavgrad, Glamoč, Bosansko Grahovo, Kupres and the Croatian border.- Position :...
which is the biggest city in the county. In the County there are big fields like the Livno field
Livno field
Livanjsko field is the largest Karstic field in Bosnia and Herzegovina and indeed throughout the world...
s, there are big lakes like the Busko lake and the Kupres lake. There are green forests and high mountains like near Kupres
Kupres (town)
Kupres is a town and municipality in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The town is located in the Canton 10, also known as the Hercegbosanski Kanton or Hercegbosanska županija and is the north-western most town in Hercegovina.- Position :Kupres is 43 km distanced from...
, a city where many tourists (mostly from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina) go to ski in the winter.
There are high mountains in this County and the mountains makes a natural border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. There are also mountains near Kupres and in other central parts of the County.
Economy
This county is one of the most affected by the consequences of war. The County itself can not maintain its administration.Due to economic reasons (insufficient County revenues compared to expenses) unification with West Herzegovina County has been proposed.