Cannon Mills Company
Encyclopedia
The Cannon Mills Company was an American
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 textile
Textile
A textile or cloth is a flexible woven material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, or other material to produce long strands...

 company founded by James William Cannon
James William Cannon
James William Cannon was an industrialist, and founder of the Cannon Mills Corporation and the City of Kannapolis, North Carolina. He was the maker of the first towel ever made in the South. His son was Charles Albert Cannon and his great-grandson is Robin Hayes, a Republican congressman from...

, based in Kannapolis, North Carolina
Kannapolis, North Carolina
Kannapolis is a city in Cabarrus and Rowan counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina, northwest of Concord and northeast of Charlotte. The population was 42,625 at the 2010 census, which makes Kannapolis the 20th largest city in North Carolina...

. It was founded in 1888 and went bankrupt in July 2003. The Cannon brands were then purchased by the Iconix Brand Group
Iconix Brand Group
Iconix Brand Group is a brand management company that licenses brands to retailers and manufacturers primarily in the apparel, footwear, and apparel accessory industries. Its brands are available in such stores as Kohl's, Kmart, Sears, Macy's, Target and JC Penney.The company began as Candie's,...

.

Name of Company

Cannon Mills was purchased four times, and had four names.
  • Cannon Manufacturing Company (1888–1921)
  • Cannon Mills Company (1921–1983)
  • Fieldcrest-Cannon Corporation (1983–2001)
  • Pillowtex Corporation
    Pillowtex Corporation
    Pillowtex was a United States textile manufacturing company from 1954 to 2003. Pillowtex was originally a pillow, mattress pad and down or synthetic comforter maker. They bought Fieldcrest who made products by the brands Cannon, Royal Velvet, Fieldcrest, Charisma, and others. Its brands were...

     (2001–2003)

Cannon Manufacturing Company

In 1887 James William Cannon
James William Cannon
James William Cannon was an industrialist, and founder of the Cannon Mills Corporation and the City of Kannapolis, North Carolina. He was the maker of the first towel ever made in the South. His son was Charles Albert Cannon and his great-grandson is Robin Hayes, a Republican congressman from...

 founded the Cannon Manufacturing Company in Kannapolis, North Carolina
Kannapolis, North Carolina
Kannapolis is a city in Cabarrus and Rowan counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina, northwest of Concord and northeast of Charlotte. The population was 42,625 at the 2010 census, which makes Kannapolis the 20th largest city in North Carolina...

. His goal was to produce a basic textile product instead of yarn making or a product in which another company could produce. His company produced towels that were sold under the brand name “Cannon Towels”. Ten years later, he opened another mill in Concord, North Carolina.

In the year 1905, Jim Cannon designed and purchased 600 acres (2.4 km²) of land in northwestern Cabarrus County, North Carolina
Cabarrus County, North Carolina
-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 131,063 people, 49,519 households, and 36,545 families residing in the county. The population density was 360 people per square mile . There were 52,848 housing units at an average density of 145 per square mile...

. The land was formerly used as a cotton plantation. He laid out a plan for a small mill village with homes for the workers. By 1907, the first mill was completed just west of what was Town Lake. The mill, known now as Plant 1, was opened in 1908 after a brief two-year cotton shortage.

By January of the next year, the Cannon Manufacturing Company had employed 840 people in its single Kannapolis plant. James William and his company not only built hundreds of homes for the mill workers, but also a world-class YMCA
YMCA
The Young Men's Christian Association is a worldwide organization of more than 45 million members from 125 national federations affiliated through the World Alliance of YMCAs...

 facility. At that period, it held the largest membership in the world. He also donated land and money for school construction and education. That year, the first school, McIver was opened. Cannon erected stores, businesses, and churches. Cannon also donated funds to the Cabarrus County Government to improve the main road leading to Kannapolis from Concord. In 1917, James Cannon arranged a life insurance policy for all Cannon employees. This had never yet been done for employees of a company.

Nineteen twenty-one was an important year for the Cannon Mills Company. A strike occurred in the localized Charlotte, North Carolina
Charlotte, North Carolina
Charlotte is the largest city in the U.S. state of North Carolina and the seat of Mecklenburg County. In 2010, Charlotte's population according to the US Census Bureau was 731,424, making it the 17th largest city in the United States based on population. The Charlotte metropolitan area had a 2009...

 area, affecting all textile mills in this area. Charles A. Cannon was already in charge of Cannon Mills affairs, since his father was trying to recuperate from ill health. The correspondence between James W. Cannon and his son reveal that Charles was doing an exemplary job handling affairs and not recognizing the union activities. On June 1, 1921, the members of the United Textile Workers Union of America went on strike. Employees starved as the union failed to support the strikers. Although Cannon called the National Guard to "keep the peace," the strike ended because union official fled town after union corruption. Cannon Mills did not unionize during this attempt, which left the whole World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...

 generation skeptical of labor unions.

J.W. Cannon was recently elected as Chairman of the Board and his son, Charles Albert, was made president of the Company. Later that year, Jim Cannon developed an unknown illness in the winter of 1921. He was reported dead at 6:00pm on December 21, 1921. Ironically, he died at the same time as when the afternoon whistle blows for quitting time at the mill. He was buried at Oakwood Cemetery in downtown Concord. The Cannon Manufacturing Company was left to its president and the youngest son, Charles. By the time of J.W. Cannon’s death, the population of Kannapolis was roughly 6,000 citizens and the mill had employed about 15,000 workers.

The company grows

With Charles Albert Cannon
Charles Albert Cannon
Charles Albert Cannon was born, lived and died in Concord, North Carolina. the son of James William Cannon and president of the Cannon Mills Company from the 1920s to the 1960s....

 in charge, the Cannon Mills Corporation was now entering its golden years. In 1924, funds and land for James William Cannon High School were donated from the company. Later in 1928, Charles Cannon organized nine textile companies into a large corporation, Cannon Mills. 300,000 towels were produced each day, and it soon became the world's largest producer of Textile products. Charles Cannon retired in 1962 at the age of seventy. Donald S. Holt replaced Cannon as chairman of the board, and sales and profit continued to rise. The one-million-square-foot towel
Foot towel
A foot towel is a small, rectangular towel which, in the absence of a rug, carpet or bathroom mat, is placed onto the bathroom floor to dry the feet on emerging from the shower or bath.-Usage:The use of the foot towel is not widespread...

 distribution center was built in 1962 and the 840000 sq ft (78,038.6 m²). sheet distribution center was constructed in the early 1970s. Charles A. Cannon died on April 1, 1971 of a massive stroke.

Fieldcrest

In 1911, Marshall Field & Company
Marshall Field's
Marshall Field & Company was a department store in Chicago, Illinois that grew to become a major chain before being acquired by Macy's Inc...

, the Chicago
Chicago
Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...

 department store, acquired seven mills in Eden, North Carolina
Eden, North Carolina
Eden is a city in Rockingham County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 15,908 at the 2000 census. The city was incorporated in 1967 through the consolidation of three separate towns: Leaksville, Spray, and Draper....

 (then known as Spray) from Benjamin Franklin Mebane, a local entrepreneur who had secured financing from Field's. In 1916, Field's began construction on Fieldcrest Mills in Fieldale, a 1600 acres (6.5 km²) mill town near Martinsville, Virginia
Martinsville, Virginia
Martinsville is an independent city which is surrounded by Henry County, Virginia, United States. The population was 13,821 in 2010. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Martinsville with Henry County for statistical purposes...

, which was completed in 1919. Field's later purchased more mills to supply its retail and wholesale operation. In 1935, James O. McKinsey
James O. McKinsey
James Oscar McKinsey was the founder of McKinsey & Company.Management theory was still in its infancy when James O. McKinsey founded the firm that bears his name in 1926...

, then chairman of Marshall Field's
Marshall Field's
Marshall Field & Company was a department store in Chicago, Illinois that grew to become a major chain before being acquired by Macy's Inc...

, the Chicago department store, reorganized Field's 24 textile mills into one manufacturing operation, called Fieldcrest, with headquarters in New York City
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...

. In 1953, Fieldcrest was spun off from Field's.

Fieldcrest-Cannon Corporation and Pillowtex Corporation

In 1982, California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...

 billionare David H. Murdock
David H. Murdock
David Howard Murdock is an American businessman. Forbes ranks him as the 130th-richest person in the "Forbes 400" list and 376th in the "World's Billionaires" list, with a net worth of US$3 billion as of March 2011....

 purchased the Cannon Mills Company and its 660 acres (2.7 km²) of surrounding property. Murdock proposed a redevelopment plan to the company and the community which included the renewal of downtown Kannapolis (now Cannon Village) and the construction of a brand new YMCA. On November 6, 1984, the Town of Kannapolis was officially incorporated, becoming the city of Kannapolis. Also that year, David Murdock constructed a brand new YMCA
YMCA
The Young Men's Christian Association is a worldwide organization of more than 45 million members from 125 national federations affiliated through the World Alliance of YMCAs...

. The next year, the company and all of its Bath and Bedding division were bought by Eden, North Carolina
Eden, North Carolina
Eden is a city in Rockingham County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 15,908 at the 2000 census. The city was incorporated in 1967 through the consolidation of three separate towns: Leaksville, Spray, and Draper....

-founded Fieldcrest Mills, Incorporated, for somewhat less than $250,000,000. This became the Fieldcrest-Cannon Corporation. The newer smokestack of Plant One, painted white since its construction in 1950, was repainted maroon
Maroon (color)
Maroon is a dark red color.-Etymology:Maroon is derived from French marron .The first recorded use of maroon as a color name in English was in 1789.-Maroon :...

, also bearing the corporate name. Many union problems resulted after the purchase.

In September, 1997, Fieldcrest-Cannon was sold to the Pillowtex Corporation
Pillowtex Corporation
Pillowtex was a United States textile manufacturing company from 1954 to 2003. Pillowtex was originally a pillow, mattress pad and down or synthetic comforter maker. They bought Fieldcrest who made products by the brands Cannon, Royal Velvet, Fieldcrest, Charisma, and others. Its brands were...

 for $700,000,000. Sales slid, and problems began to appear as Pillowtex lost money. According to a former CEO of Pillowtex, its largest product buyer, Wal-Mart
Wal-Mart
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. , branded as Walmart since 2008 and Wal-Mart before then, is an American public multinational corporation that runs chains of large discount department stores and warehouse stores. The company is the world's 18th largest public corporation, according to the Forbes Global 2000...

, encouraged the company to move production overseas but Pillowtex refused. It was undercut by competitors and stopped supplying Wal-Mart.

Three years later, in November 2000, Pillowtex filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy protection. In May 2002, Pillowtex briefly surfaced from bankruptcy for little more than a year, but things kept sliding.

On July 30, 2003, Pillowtex Corporation announced the complete bankruptcy of the company. Over the night of July 30, 7,650 people became unemployed (4,340 in Kannapolis alone). This was the largest permanent layoff in the history of the State of North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina is a state located in the southeastern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north. North Carolina contains 100 counties. Its capital is Raleigh, and its largest city is Charlotte...

. The bankruptcy announcement also included an agreement for Pillowtex assets to be sold to GGST LLC, a joint venture of four liquidation companies (SB Capital Group, Gibbs International, Gordon Brothers Retail Partners
Gordon Brothers Group
Gordon Brothers Group, headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, is a liquidation firm that was founded in 1903 by Jacob Bernard, Louis and Joseph Gordon....

 and Tiger Capital Group), for $56 million, subject to bankruptcy court approval.

Post-bankruptcy

On October 7, 2003, Pillowtex won approval from a bankruptcy court judge to sell company assets, including machinery and brands, to GGST LLC for $128 million. The brands "Cannon", "Royal Velvet", "Charisma", and "Fieldcrest" are now listed as intellectual property of SB Capital, or its principals. The "Cannon" and "Royal Velvet" brands have been licensed by Li & Fung
Li & Fung
Li & Fung Limited is a global trading group, based in Hong Kong, that supplies high-volume, time-sensitive consumer goods. Garments make up around two-thirds of the Li & Fung business which also covers the sourcing of hardgoods such as fashion accessories, furnishings, gifts, handicrafts, home...

, headquartered in Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...

. "Fieldcrest" branded products have reappeared as "exclusively at Target
Target Corporation
Target Corporation, doing business as Target, is an American retailing company headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It is the second-largest discount retailer in the United States, behind Walmart. The company is ranked at number 33 on the Fortune 500 and is a component of the Standard & Poor's...

".

On December 10, 2004, it was announced David H. Murdock's
David H. Murdock
David Howard Murdock is an American businessman. Forbes ranks him as the 130th-richest person in the "Forbes 400" list and 376th in the "World's Billionaires" list, with a net worth of US$3 billion as of March 2011....

 Castle & Cooke
Castle & Cooke
Castle & Cooke, Inc. is a Los Angeles-based company that was once part of the Big Five companies in territorial Hawaii. The company at one time did most of its business in agriculture...

 won the 264 acres (1.1 km²) land auction with a bid of $6.4 million ($4.25 million in cash and a $2.12 million note).

Demolition

Beginning in June 2005, workers of the D.H. Griffin Wrecking Company began the demolition of Plant 1, an area the size of The Pentagon
The Pentagon
The Pentagon is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington County, Virginia. As a symbol of the U.S. military, "the Pentagon" is often used metonymically to refer to the Department of Defense rather than the building itself.Designed by the American architect...

. In November 2005, the eastern half of the Towel Distribution Center was imploded, and the main office building was completely demolished by the end of the year. Town Lake was drained and filled in.

On March 24, 2006, the remaining portion of the Towel Distribution Center and the Bleachery were imploded. Over 1200000 square feet (111,483.6 m²) was demolished, making it the third largest building implosion
Building implosion
In the controlled demolition industry, building implosion is the strategic placing of explosive material and timing of its detonation so that a structure collapses on itself in a matter of seconds, minimizing the physical damage to its immediate surroundings...

 in U.S. history. A few months later, on August 10, the smokestacks were imploded. On November 8, of that year, the 268 feet (81.7 m) water tower was demolished, officially ending the Cannon Mills era.

Legacy

The Cannon family was very generous in donating funds for projects in the area. Such include:
  • The City of Kannapolis, North Carolina
    Kannapolis, North Carolina
    Kannapolis is a city in Cabarrus and Rowan counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina, northwest of Concord and northeast of Charlotte. The population was 42,625 at the 2010 census, which makes Kannapolis the 20th largest city in North Carolina...

  • The Cannon Memorial YMCA
    YMCA
    The Young Men's Christian Association is a worldwide organization of more than 45 million members from 125 national federations affiliated through the World Alliance of YMCAs...

  • Cannon Hall, Appalachian State University
    Appalachian State University
    Appalachian State University is a comprehensive , public, coeducational university located in Boone, North Carolina, United States. Appalachian State, also referred to as Appalachian, App State, or simply App, is the sixth largest institution in the University of North Carolina system...

  • Cannon School
    Cannon School
    Cannon School an independent, nonsectarian, college preparatory institution serving approximately 825 students in Junior Kindergarten through Grade 12. It is the fourth-largest independent school in the greater Charlotte, North Carolina area. Cannon School is located in Concord on a campus on...

  • Cannon Village
  • The Cannon Foundation
  • Cannon Reservation, Camp John J. Barnhardt, Central NC Council Boy Scouts of America
  • Charles A. Cannon Pool in the Baker Sports Complex at Davidson College
    Davidson College
    Davidson College is a private liberal arts college in Davidson, North Carolina. The college has graduated 23 Rhodes Scholars and is consistently ranked in the top ten liberal arts colleges in the country by U.S. News and World Report magazine, although it has recently dropped to 11th in U.S. News...

    , Davidson, North Carolina
    Davidson, North Carolina
    Davidson is a town in Mecklenburg County in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The population was 7,139 at the 2000 census. It is home to Davidson College...

  • J.W. Cannon Dormitory at Davidson College

North Carolina Research Campus

The North Carolina Research Campus
North Carolina Research Campus
The North Carolina Research Campus is a center for biotechnological, agricultural, food science, and nutritional research. It was initially founded by David H. Murdock, former CEO of Dole Foods...

 (NCRC) is currently being built on the former site of the Cannon Mills Company. Construction began in 2005 and is expected to take several years to complete. The NCRC is a private-public venture involving North Carolina's major universities and private investment. The NCRC is a massive scientific and economic revitalization project that encompasses the former Cannon Mills plant and the entire downtown area of Kannapolis, North Carolina.

See also

  • Kannapolis, North Carolina
    Kannapolis, North Carolina
    Kannapolis is a city in Cabarrus and Rowan counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina, northwest of Concord and northeast of Charlotte. The population was 42,625 at the 2010 census, which makes Kannapolis the 20th largest city in North Carolina...

  • Kannapolis City Schools
    Kannapolis City Schools
    Kannapolis City Schools is a local education agency headquartered in Kannapolis, North Carolina. It encompasses parts of Cabarrus and Rowan Counties, yet operates independently of both county-wide school systems.-Grades 5-12:...

  • Cabarrus County, North Carolina
    Cabarrus County, North Carolina
    -Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 131,063 people, 49,519 households, and 36,545 families residing in the county. The population density was 360 people per square mile . There were 52,848 housing units at an average density of 145 per square mile...

  • North Carolina Research Campus
    North Carolina Research Campus
    The North Carolina Research Campus is a center for biotechnological, agricultural, food science, and nutritional research. It was initially founded by David H. Murdock, former CEO of Dole Foods...


External links

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