Candy desk
Encyclopedia
The candy desk is a tradition
of the United States Senate
established in 1968, according to the Senate Historical Office
. The desk, located on the Republican side of the Senate chamber, was first stocked with candy and treats by Senator George Murphy
. Those entrusted with the candy desk have included John McCain
, Slade Gorton
, Bob Bennett, and Rick Santorum
. Most senators take advantage of the desk, even though eating is not allowed on the Senate floor. The desk is currently occupied by Senator Mark Kirk
of Illinois
.
. It is located next to the eastern door to the senate chamber. Most senators enter the chamber through this door, as it is adjacent to elevators leading to one of the stops on the United States Capitol subway system. The desk is the first desk on the right, or Republican side, and is located in the last row of desks. Traditionally, the candy desk is always on the Republican side of the Senate Chamber and is used by a Republican senator.
George Murphy
was elected as the Senator from California in 1965, for the 89th Congress
. Murphy, known as a song-and-dance man from musicals such as Broadway Melody of 1938
, Broadway Melody of 1940
and For Me and My Gal
, was also known for his sweet tooth. A short time after joining the Senate, he started keeping candy in his desk, then, in 1968, he moved desks and ended up at the spot where the candy desk is now known to be. Since more senators now passed his desk on a daily basis, he started offering the contents of his desk to his colleagues. Senators that were invited to partake in the sweets started calling Murphy's desk the "candy desk". Murphy was defeated in the 1970 Senate elections, but subsequent senators have carried on the tradition of supplying candy in their desk for the enjoyment of the Senate as a whole.
Paul Fannin
, Harrison Schmitt
, Roger Jepsen
, and Steve Symms
all continued the new candy desk tradition, in that order, after Murphy's one term was over. Fannin, Schmitt, and Jepsen only supplied hard candy, but Symms was the first to stock sweets supplied by "candy and chocolate associations." During the tenures of these senators, the candy desk was not fixed to one particular spot. Senate seating charts show Schmitt, during his time with the candy desk, sat one seat to the right of its traditional spot for the 95th Congress
, and then sat across the aisle from the traditional spot for the 96th
.
None of the above was publicly known until 1985, when Slade Gorton
put out a press release stating "He was now the occupant of this desk and would carry on the rich traditions started by Murphy." He also named the past senators who continued the tradition.
In 1997, the candy desk was referenced by Kit Bond
during a debate over the National Defense Authorization Act
for fiscal year 1998. He compared the sizes of microchips to candy he had taken from the desk.
The high point, in terms of well-known candy, came during the ten years Rick Santorum
sat at the candy desk (1997–2007). Being the senator from Pennsylvania
, he filled the candy desk with Hershey
candy and Just Born
products (such as Mike and Ike
and Hot Tamales
). During this time period, Hershey shipped roughly 100 pounds of chocolate and other candy four times a year to Santorum to fill the desk with. When Santorum did not win re-election during the 2006 U.S. Senate elections, Kirk Saville, a spokesman for Hershey, said about the company no longer being able to supply sweets for the candy desk, "We were pleased to be a small part of sweetening up congressional proceedings."
Issues arose after Santorum was not again elected to the senate in 2007, and Senator Craig Thomas began his tenure at the candy desk. Wyoming
, the state he was representing, has no members of the National Confectioners Association
, and therefore no candymakers large enough to donate hundreds of dollars of candy to fill the desk. Senate ethics
rules "forbid members accepting gifts worth $100 or more a year from a single source," which can become a problem if a large amount of candy is consumed from the desk each year. An exception to this rule allows larger gifts of objects created or produced in the state the senator is from, as long as the items are primarily not used by the senator and his staff. This is so senators can "offer visitors home-grown snacks, such as Florida
orange juice
or Georgia
peanuts
." When asked about Thomas being in charge of the candy desk, Susan Smith, a representative from the National Confectioners Association, stated, "We're happy to provide candy if there are [association] members...It would be difficult for us to do now." These issues were worked around by asking many small, local, Wyoming confectionery businesses and chocolatier
s to give small amounts of candy that were rotated in and out of the desk.
After Thomas finished his time at the desk, it was seen after by George Voinovich
and then Mel Martinez
. Both had relatively short tenures. In 2009, George LeMieux
began sitting at the desk
and was there until he left the Senate in 2011.
, lobby groups and organizations, specifically the National Confectioners Association
, and the Chocolate Manufacturers Association, organized donations.
located on the front wall belonging to the United States Senate Democratic Conference Secretary, is also filled with sweets. This tradition began "sometime later" than the more well known Candy desk, and Hershey Kisses were the most popular candy from this desk during the 1980s, "followed by small caramels." Candy for this desk is paid for through a "candy fund" which senators who would like to partake in the desk's contents contribute to. Jay Rockefeller
then takes this money and purchases the candy. This tradition is not widely known, so much so that the Historian of the United States Senate
does not know much about it.
Other senators sometimes keep candy in their desks as well. Katherine Buck, a United States Senate Page
at the time, wrote the following in 2005:
Traditions of the United States Senate
The United States Senate observes a number of traditions, some formal and some informal. Some of the current and former traditions are described below:-Maiden speeches:...
of the United States Senate
United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the United States, and together with the United States House of Representatives comprises the United States Congress. The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Article One of the U.S. Constitution. Each...
established in 1968, according to the Senate Historical Office
Historian of the United States Senate
The Historian of the United States Senate heads the United States Senate Historical Office, which was created in 1975 to record and preserve historical information about the United States Senate. The current Historian of the Senate is Donald A...
. The desk, located on the Republican side of the Senate chamber, was first stocked with candy and treats by Senator George Murphy
George Murphy
George Lloyd Murphy was an American dancer, actor, and politician.-Life and career:He was born in New Haven, Connecticut of Irish Catholic extraction, the son of Michael Charles "Mike" Murphy, athletic trainer and coach, and Nora Long. He was educated at Peddie School, Trinity-Pawling School, and...
. Those entrusted with the candy desk have included John McCain
John McCain
John Sidney McCain III is the senior United States Senator from Arizona. He was the Republican nominee for president in the 2008 United States election....
, Slade Gorton
Slade Gorton
Thomas Slade Gorton III is an American politician. A Republican, he was a U.S. senator from Washington state from 1981 to 1987, and from 1989 to 2001. He held both of the state's Senate seats in his career and was narrowly defeated for reelection twice as an incumbent: in 1986 by Brock Adams, and...
, Bob Bennett, and Rick Santorum
Rick Santorum
Richard John "Rick" Santorum is a lawyer and a former United States Senator from the commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Santorum was the chairman of the Senate Republican Conference -making him the third-ranking Senate Republican from 2001 until his leave in 2007. Santorum is considered both a social...
. Most senators take advantage of the desk, even though eating is not allowed on the Senate floor. The desk is currently occupied by Senator Mark Kirk
Mark Kirk
Mark Steven Kirk is the junior United States Senator from Illinois and a member of the Republican Party. Previously, Kirk was a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Illinois's 10th congressional district....
of Illinois
Illinois
Illinois is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal,...
.
Location
The candy desk is not a specific desk in the Senate Chamber, but instead whichever desk the senators choose to use becomes the candy desk when it is placed in the correct location and filled with sweets. The location of the desk has remained static since at least the 97th Congress97th United States Congress
The Ninety-seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1981 to January 3, 1983, during the final weeks of...
. It is located next to the eastern door to the senate chamber. Most senators enter the chamber through this door, as it is adjacent to elevators leading to one of the stops on the United States Capitol subway system. The desk is the first desk on the right, or Republican side, and is located in the last row of desks. Traditionally, the candy desk is always on the Republican side of the Senate Chamber and is used by a Republican senator.
History
George Murphy
George Lloyd Murphy was an American dancer, actor, and politician.-Life and career:He was born in New Haven, Connecticut of Irish Catholic extraction, the son of Michael Charles "Mike" Murphy, athletic trainer and coach, and Nora Long. He was educated at Peddie School, Trinity-Pawling School, and...
was elected as the Senator from California in 1965, for the 89th Congress
89th United States Congress
-House of Representatives:- Senate :* President of the Senate: Hubert Humphrey , starting January 20, 1965* President pro tempore: Carl Hayden - Majority leadership :* Majority Leader and Democratic Conference Chairman: Mike Mansfield...
. Murphy, known as a song-and-dance man from musicals such as Broadway Melody of 1938
Broadway Melody of 1938
Broadway Melody of 1938 is a 1937 musical film, produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and directed by Roy Del Ruth. The film is essentially a backstage musical revue, featuring high-budget sets and cinematography in the MGM musical tradition...
, Broadway Melody of 1940
Broadway Melody of 1940
Broadway Melody of 1940 is a 1940 MGM movie musical starring Fred Astaire, Eleanor Powell and George Murphy. It was directed by Norman Taurog and features music by Cole Porter, including "Begin the Beguine"....
and For Me and My Gal
For Me and My Gal (film)
For Me and My Gal is a 1942 American musical film directed by Busby Berkeley and starring Judy Garland, Gene Kelly – in his screen debut – and George Murphy, and featuring Martha Eggerth and Ben Blue. The film was written by Richard Sherman, Fred F...
, was also known for his sweet tooth. A short time after joining the Senate, he started keeping candy in his desk, then, in 1968, he moved desks and ended up at the spot where the candy desk is now known to be. Since more senators now passed his desk on a daily basis, he started offering the contents of his desk to his colleagues. Senators that were invited to partake in the sweets started calling Murphy's desk the "candy desk". Murphy was defeated in the 1970 Senate elections, but subsequent senators have carried on the tradition of supplying candy in their desk for the enjoyment of the Senate as a whole.
Paul Fannin
Paul Fannin
Paul Jones Fannin was the 11th Governor of the U.S. state of Arizona from 1959 to 1965 and subsequently a U.S. Senator from Arizona. He was a Republican.- Biography :...
, Harrison Schmitt
Harrison Schmitt
Harrison Hagan "Jack" Schmitt is an American geologist, a retired NASA astronaut, university professor, and a former U.S. senator from New Mexico....
, Roger Jepsen
Roger Jepsen
Roger William Jepsen is an American politician from the state of Iowa. A Republican, he served in the United States Senate.-Biography :...
, and Steve Symms
Steve Symms
Steven Douglas Symms was a four-term congressman and two-term U.S. senator from Idaho. He was among the most conservative members of the Republican Party...
all continued the new candy desk tradition, in that order, after Murphy's one term was over. Fannin, Schmitt, and Jepsen only supplied hard candy, but Symms was the first to stock sweets supplied by "candy and chocolate associations." During the tenures of these senators, the candy desk was not fixed to one particular spot. Senate seating charts show Schmitt, during his time with the candy desk, sat one seat to the right of its traditional spot for the 95th Congress
95th United States Congress
The Ninety-fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1977 to January 3, 1979, during the first two years...
, and then sat across the aisle from the traditional spot for the 96th
96th United States Congress
The Ninety-sixth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1979 to January 3, 1981, during the last two years...
.
None of the above was publicly known until 1985, when Slade Gorton
Slade Gorton
Thomas Slade Gorton III is an American politician. A Republican, he was a U.S. senator from Washington state from 1981 to 1987, and from 1989 to 2001. He held both of the state's Senate seats in his career and was narrowly defeated for reelection twice as an incumbent: in 1986 by Brock Adams, and...
put out a press release stating "He was now the occupant of this desk and would carry on the rich traditions started by Murphy." He also named the past senators who continued the tradition.
In 1997, the candy desk was referenced by Kit Bond
Kit Bond
Christopher Samuel "Kit" Bond is a former United States Senator from Missouri and a member of the Republican Party. First elected to the U.S. Senate in 1986, he defeated Democrat Harriett Woods by a margin of 53%-47%. He was re-elected in 1992, 1998, and 2004...
during a debate over the National Defense Authorization Act
National Defense Authorization Act
The National Defense Authorization Act is the name of a United States federal law that has been enacted for each of the past 48 fiscal years to specify the budget and expenditures of the United States Department of Defense.-See also:...
for fiscal year 1998. He compared the sizes of microchips to candy he had taken from the desk.
The high point, in terms of well-known candy, came during the ten years Rick Santorum
Rick Santorum
Richard John "Rick" Santorum is a lawyer and a former United States Senator from the commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Santorum was the chairman of the Senate Republican Conference -making him the third-ranking Senate Republican from 2001 until his leave in 2007. Santorum is considered both a social...
sat at the candy desk (1997–2007). Being the senator from Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a U.S. state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to...
, he filled the candy desk with Hershey
The Hershey Company
The Hershey Company, known until April 2005 as the Hershey Foods Corporation and commonly called Hershey's, is the largest chocolate manufacturer in North America. Its headquarters are in Hershey, Pennsylvania, which is also home to Hershey's Chocolate World. It was founded by Milton S...
candy and Just Born
Just Born
Just Born is a candy manufacturer based in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Their tagline is "A great candy isn't made...it's Just Born."...
products (such as Mike and Ike
Mike and Ike
Mike and Ike is a brand of fruit-flavored candies. They were first introduced in 1940 by Just Born, Inc., of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, a family-owned company founded in 1923.-The candy:...
and Hot Tamales
Hot Tamales
Hot Tamales are a cinnamon candy manufactured by the Just Born.They are shaped like Mike and Ike candies and were introduced in 1950.In addition to the hot and spicy flavor, there is also Hot Tamales Fire which is more intense than the original, a darker red in color, and less opaque.A spearmint...
). During this time period, Hershey shipped roughly 100 pounds of chocolate and other candy four times a year to Santorum to fill the desk with. When Santorum did not win re-election during the 2006 U.S. Senate elections, Kirk Saville, a spokesman for Hershey, said about the company no longer being able to supply sweets for the candy desk, "We were pleased to be a small part of sweetening up congressional proceedings."
Issues arose after Santorum was not again elected to the senate in 2007, and Senator Craig Thomas began his tenure at the candy desk. Wyoming
Wyoming
Wyoming is a state in the mountain region of the Western United States. The western two thirds of the state is covered mostly with the mountain ranges and rangelands in the foothills of the Eastern Rocky Mountains, while the eastern third of the state is high elevation prairie known as the High...
, the state he was representing, has no members of the National Confectioners Association
National Confectioners Association
Founded in 1884 in Chicago by representatives of 69 confectionery manufacturing firms, the National Confectioners Association is one of the oldest trade associations in the world. It is currently based in Washington, DC....
, and therefore no candymakers large enough to donate hundreds of dollars of candy to fill the desk. Senate ethics
Government ethics
Government ethics constitutes the application of ethical rules to government. It is that part of practical jurisprudence or the philosophy of law that governs the operation of government and its relationship with the people that it governs...
rules "forbid members accepting gifts worth $100 or more a year from a single source," which can become a problem if a large amount of candy is consumed from the desk each year. An exception to this rule allows larger gifts of objects created or produced in the state the senator is from, as long as the items are primarily not used by the senator and his staff. This is so senators can "offer visitors home-grown snacks, such as Florida
Florida
Florida is a state in the southeastern United States, located on the nation's Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. With a population of 18,801,310 as measured by the 2010 census, it...
orange juice
Orange juice
Orange juice is a popular beverage made from oranges. It is made by extraction from the fresh fruit, by desiccation and subsequent reconstitution of dried juice, or by concentration of the juice and the subsequent addition of water to the concentrate...
or Georgia
Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia is a state located in the southeastern United States. It was established in 1732, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies. The state is named after King George II of Great Britain. Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2, 1788...
peanuts
Peanuts
Peanuts is a syndicated daily and Sunday American comic strip written and illustrated by Charles M. Schulz, which ran from October 2, 1950, to February 13, 2000, continuing in reruns afterward...
." When asked about Thomas being in charge of the candy desk, Susan Smith, a representative from the National Confectioners Association, stated, "We're happy to provide candy if there are [association] members...It would be difficult for us to do now." These issues were worked around by asking many small, local, Wyoming confectionery businesses and chocolatier
Chocolatier
A chocolatier is someone who makes confectionery from chocolate. Chocolatiers are distinct from chocolate makers, who create chocolate from cacao beans and other ingredients.Professional chocolatiers study topics including the following:...
s to give small amounts of candy that were rotated in and out of the desk.
After Thomas finished his time at the desk, it was seen after by George Voinovich
George Voinovich
George Victor Voinovich is a former United States Senator from the state of Ohio, and a member of the Republican Party. Previously, he served as the 65th Governor of Ohio from 1991 to 1998, and as the 54th mayor of Cleveland from 1980 to 1989.-Personal life:Born in Cleveland, Ohio, his father was...
and then Mel Martinez
Mel Martinez
Melquíades Rafael Martínez Ruiz, usually known as Mel Martinez , is a former United States Senator from Florida and served as Chairman of the Republican Party from November 2006 until October 19, 2007, the first Latino to serve as chairman of a major party...
. Both had relatively short tenures. In 2009, George LeMieux
George LeMieux
George Stephen LeMieux is a former United States Senator from Florida. He was Chairman of the Florida-based law firm of Gunster Yoakley & Stewart, P.A. and served as Chief of Staff to Governor Charlie Crist, was former Deputy Florida Attorney General, and is credited with spearheading Crist's...
began sitting at the desk
and was there until he left the Senate in 2011.
Candy
The tenant of the candy desk is charged with stocking it with candy from his or her home state, but funding has been an issue. Originally senators would ask for a specific candy and leave a few dollars to keep the desk stocked with their favorites, but as time continued, and the candy desk became a more solid tradition of the SenateTraditions of the United States Senate
The United States Senate observes a number of traditions, some formal and some informal. Some of the current and former traditions are described below:-Maiden speeches:...
, lobby groups and organizations, specifically the National Confectioners Association
National Confectioners Association
Founded in 1884 in Chicago by representatives of 69 confectionery manufacturing firms, the National Confectioners Association is one of the oldest trade associations in the world. It is currently based in Washington, DC....
, and the Chocolate Manufacturers Association, organized donations.
Other candy desks
The Democrats have also had a candy desk since at least 1985. A rolltop deskRolltop desk
A rolltop desk is a 19th century reworking of the pedestal desk with, in addition, a series of stacked compartments, shelves, drawers and nooks in front of the user, much like the bureau à gradin or the Carlton House desk...
located on the front wall belonging to the United States Senate Democratic Conference Secretary, is also filled with sweets. This tradition began "sometime later" than the more well known Candy desk, and Hershey Kisses were the most popular candy from this desk during the 1980s, "followed by small caramels." Candy for this desk is paid for through a "candy fund" which senators who would like to partake in the desk's contents contribute to. Jay Rockefeller
Jay Rockefeller
John Davison "Jay" Rockefeller IV is the senior United States Senator from West Virginia. He was first elected to the Senate in 1984, while in office as Governor of West Virginia, a position he held from 1977 to 1985...
then takes this money and purchases the candy. This tradition is not widely known, so much so that the Historian of the United States Senate
Historian of the United States Senate
The Historian of the United States Senate heads the United States Senate Historical Office, which was created in 1975 to record and preserve historical information about the United States Senate. The current Historian of the Senate is Donald A...
does not know much about it.
Other senators sometimes keep candy in their desks as well. Katherine Buck, a United States Senate Page
United States Senate Page
A United States Senate Page is a non-partisan federal employee serving the United States Senate in Washington, DC. Despite the non-partisan affiliation, Pages are typically divided to serve the party that appointed them.-Selection:In order to become a US Senate Page, one must first be nominated...
at the time, wrote the following in 2005:
One senator with a particularly strong hankering for chocolate is Jim Talent from Missouri. Once during a vote, he called people away from the candy desk to his own on the other side of the row. There were oohs and aahs until six people walked away with Russell Stover Low-Carb Chocolates. (I guess the Atkins craze had made its way to the Senate.)
Tenants
| Dates | Senator | State | Candy brands | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1968 – January 3, 1971 | George Murphy George Murphy George Lloyd Murphy was an American dancer, actor, and politician.-Life and career:He was born in New Haven, Connecticut of Irish Catholic extraction, the son of Michael Charles "Mike" Murphy, athletic trainer and coach, and Nora Long. He was educated at Peddie School, Trinity-Pawling School, and... |
California | – | |
| January 21, 1971 – January 3, 1977 | Paul Fannin Paul Fannin Paul Jones Fannin was the 11th Governor of the U.S. state of Arizona from 1959 to 1965 and subsequently a U.S. Senator from Arizona. He was a Republican.- Biography :... |
Arizona | Hard candies | |
| January 4, 1977 – January 15, 1979 | Harrison Schmitt Harrison Schmitt Harrison Hagan "Jack" Schmitt is an American geologist, a retired NASA astronaut, university professor, and a former U.S. senator from New Mexico.... |
New Mexico | Hard candies | |
| January 5, 1981 – January 3, 1983 | Roger Jepsen Roger Jepsen Roger William Jepsen is an American politician from the state of Iowa. A Republican, he served in the United States Senate.-Biography :... |
Iowa | hard candies | |
| January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1985 | Steve Symms Steve Symms Steven Douglas Symms was a four-term congressman and two-term U.S. senator from Idaho. He was among the most conservative members of the Republican Party... |
Idaho | "Fine assortment of sweets" from "candy and chocolate associations." | |
| January 3, 1985 – January 3, 1987 | Slade Gorton Slade Gorton Thomas Slade Gorton III is an American politician. A Republican, he was a U.S. senator from Washington state from 1981 to 1987, and from 1989 to 2001. He held both of the state's Senate seats in his career and was narrowly defeated for reelection twice as an incumbent: in 1986 by Brock Adams, and... |
Washington | "'Ample quantities' of candies made in his home state" | |
| January 3, 1987 – January 3, 1989 | John McCain John McCain John Sidney McCain III is the senior United States Senator from Arizona. He was the Republican nominee for president in the 2008 United States election.... |
Arizona | – | |
| January 3, 1989 – January 5, 1993 | Slade Gorton Slade Gorton Thomas Slade Gorton III is an American politician. A Republican, he was a U.S. senator from Washington state from 1981 to 1987, and from 1989 to 2001. He held both of the state's Senate seats in his career and was narrowly defeated for reelection twice as an incumbent: in 1986 by Brock Adams, and... |
Washington | ? | |
| January 5, 1993 – January 3, 1995 | Jim Jeffords Jim Jeffords James Merrill "Jim" Jeffords is a former U.S. Senator from Vermont. He served as a Republican until 2001, when he left the party to become an independent. He retired from the Senate in 2006.-Background:... |
Vermont | – | |
| January 4, 1995 – January 7, 1997 | Bob Bennett | Utah | – | |
| January 7, 1997 – January 3, 2007 | Rick Santorum Rick Santorum Richard John "Rick" Santorum is a lawyer and a former United States Senator from the commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Santorum was the chairman of the Senate Republican Conference -making him the third-ranking Senate Republican from 2001 until his leave in 2007. Santorum is considered both a social... |
Pennsylvania | The Hershey Company The Hershey Company The Hershey Company, known until April 2005 as the Hershey Foods Corporation and commonly called Hershey's, is the largest chocolate manufacturer in North America. Its headquarters are in Hershey, Pennsylvania, which is also home to Hershey's Chocolate World. It was founded by Milton S... and Just Born Just Born Just Born is a candy manufacturer based in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Their tagline is "A great candy isn't made...it's Just Born."... Products |
|
| January 3, 2007 – June 4, 2007 | Craig Thomas | Wyoming | Small local Wyoming confectionery businesses and chocolatier Chocolatier A chocolatier is someone who makes confectionery from chocolate. Chocolatiers are distinct from chocolate makers, who create chocolate from cacao beans and other ingredients.Professional chocolatiers study topics including the following:... s |
|
| June 25, 2007 – January 3, 2009 | George Voinovich George Voinovich George Victor Voinovich is a former United States Senator from the state of Ohio, and a member of the Republican Party. Previously, he served as the 65th Governor of Ohio from 1991 to 1998, and as the 54th mayor of Cleveland from 1980 to 1989.-Personal life:Born in Cleveland, Ohio, his father was... |
Ohio | Spangler Spangler Candy Company The Spangler Candy Company is a privately owned international confectioner that has been manufacturing and marketing candy since 1906.Headquartered in Bryan, Ohio, Spangler’s products include lollipops, candy canes, and marshmallow circus peanuts... Dum Dum Pop Dum Dum Pop Dum Dum Pop or Dum Dums is a sphere-shaped lollipop named by I.C. Bahr, a Sales Manager at the Akron Candy Company in Bellevue, Ohio, in 1924... s, Mars, Incorporated Mars, Incorporated Mars, Incorporated is a worldwide manufacturer of confectionery, pet food, and other food products with US$30 billion in annual sales in 2010, and is ranked as the 5th largest privately held company in the United States by Forbes. Headquartered in McLean, unincorporated Fairfax County, Virginia,... , and Harry London |
|
| January 3, 2009 – September 9, 2009 | Mel Martinez Mel Martinez Melquíades Rafael Martínez Ruiz, usually known as Mel Martinez , is a former United States Senator from Florida and served as Chairman of the Republican Party from November 2006 until October 19, 2007, the first Latino to serve as chairman of a major party... |
Florida | – | |
| September 10, 2009 – January 3, 2011 | George LeMieux George LeMieux George Stephen LeMieux is a former United States Senator from Florida. He was Chairman of the Florida-based law firm of Gunster Yoakley & Stewart, P.A. and served as Chief of Staff to Governor Charlie Crist, was former Deputy Florida Attorney General, and is credited with spearheading Crist's... |
Florida | "mini Hershey bars and Werther's Original Werther's Original Werther's Original is a brand of caramel flavored sweets owned by the German company August Storck KG, based in Berlin, Germany.- History :... s" |
|
| February 14, 2011 – | Mark Kirk Mark Kirk Mark Steven Kirk is the junior United States Senator from Illinois and a member of the Republican Party. Previously, Kirk was a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Illinois's 10th congressional district.... |
Illinois | Wrigley’s Gum, Garrett’s Popcorn, Tootsie Rolls and Jelly Belly Jelly Belly The Jelly Belly Candy, or simply Jelly Belly, is the maker of The Jelly Belly and other candy, formerly known as The Herman Goelitz Candy Company... |
|